Browse All : Images of Pacific Ocean and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

Rossby Waves TOPEX/Poseidon

This image shows three scene …

4/12/96

Date	4/12/96
Description	This image shows three scenes taken from an animation created by TOPEX/Poseidon data of the ocean. The scenes show large-scale ocean waves with wavelengths of hundreds of kilometers, called Rossby waves. These waves carry a "memory" of weather changes that have happened at distant locations over the ocean. Scientists at Oregon State University are using the satellite data to track these waves as they move through the open ocean and have determined that at mid-latitudes the Rossby waves are moving two to three times faster than the existing theory predicts. Because Rossby waves can alter currents and their corresponding sea surface temperatures, the waves influence the way the oceans release heat to the atmosphere and, thus, are able to affect weather patterns. Precise information about how fast the waves travel may help forecasters improve their ability to predict the effects of El Nino events on weather patterns years in advance. The colors show variations in sea level in the Pacific Ocean. White and red indicate higher than average levels, while purple and magenta show lower than average levels. These scenes were taken by TOPEX/Poseidon in April, July and December 1993. The two small black circles in the April image show an area of warm water, called a Kelvin wave, moving along the equator toward the coast of the Americas. When this area of high sea level meets the coast, it creates two coastal waves, one traveling northward and the other traveling southward along the American coast. As these waves move poleward, Rossby waves "peel off" the coast and travel west. The solid lines show the crests of the waves (high sea level), while the dashed lines show wave troughs. TOPEX/Poseidon, a joint program of NASA and the Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales, the French space agency, uses a radar altimeter to precisely measure sea-surface height. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the U.S. portion of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission for NASA's Office of Mission to Planet Earth. #####

HURRICANE CARLOTTA SPINS IN …

With winds reaching 250 kilo …

7/7/00

Date	7/7/00
Description	With winds reaching 250 kilometers per hour (155 mph), this year's Hurricane Carlotta became the second strongest eastern Pacific June hurricane on record. New images from NASA's Multi- angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) show the hurricane on June 21, the day of its peak intensity. MISR, built and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., is one of several Earth-observing instruments aboard NASA's Terra satellite, which was launched in December 1999. This set of images has been oriented so that the spacecraft's flight path is from left to right, north is at the left. The top image is a color view from MISR's vertical (nadir) camera, showing Carlotta's location in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 500 kilometers (310 miles) south of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. The middle image is a stereoscopic anaglyph created using MISR's nadir camera plus one of its aftward-viewing cameras, and shows a closer view of the area around the hurricane. Viewing with red/blue glasses (red filter over the left eye) is required to obtain a 3-D stereo effect. Near the center of the storm, the eye is about 25 kilometers (16 miles) in diameter and partially obscured by a thin cloud. About 50 kilometers (31 miles) to the left of the eye, the sharp drop- off from high-level to low-level cloud gives a sense of the vertical extent of the hidden eye wall. The low-level cloud is spiraling counterclockwise into the center of the cyclone. It then rises in the vicinity of the eye wall and emerges with a clockwise rotation at high altitude. Maximum surface winds are found near the eye wall. The bottom stereo image is a zoomed-in view of convective clouds in the hurricane's spiral arms. The arms are breeding grounds for severe thunderstorms, with associated heavy rain and flooding, frequent lightning, and tornadoes. Thunderstorms rise in dramatic fashion to about the same altitude as the high cloud near the hurricane's center, and are made up of individual cells that are typically less than 20 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. This image shows a number of these cells, some fairly isolated, and others connected together. Their three-dimensional structure is clearly apparent in this stereo view. More information about MISR is available at: http://www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov MISR scientific data products are available through the Atmospheric Sciences Data Center at NASA Langley Research Center: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov The Terra mission is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. #####

NSCAT Pacific Map

This image shows ocean surfa …

10/3/96

Date	10/3/96
Description	This image shows ocean surface wind speeds and directions over the Pacific Ocean on September 21, 1996, as they were measured by the NASA Scatterometer onboard Japan's Advanced Earth Observing Satellite. The background color indicates wind speed with blue being low winds, red is moderate winds, and yellow is high winds. The white arrows show the direction of the wind. The yellow- orange spiral features in the upper left near Japan are typhoons Violet and Tom. Typhoon Tom is in the open ocean. Typhoon Violet is just south of Japan. After these data were taken, Typhoon Violet struck the east coast of Japan, causing damage and deaths. Strong winter storm activity is also shown in orange in the southern hemisphere. NSCAT provides continuous measurements of ocean surface wind speeds and direction from space, which gives forecasters better information to predict the behavior of storms such as Violet and Tom. Data like these are being used by the National Weather Service, an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in their global forecast models. NSCAT was launched August 16, 1996. The mission represents the first major collaboration in Earth remote sensing between the two nations. JPL developed, built and manages the NSCAT instrument for NASA's Mission to Planet Earth program. This "first look" image is still uncalibrated, but images like this will be routinely available after completion of the calibration validation phase on the project's World Wide Web site at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/winds. #####

Water Vapor

This image shows atmospheric …

10/27/97

Date	10/27/97
Description	This image shows atmospheric water vapor in Earth's upper troposphere, about 10 kilometers (6 miles) above the surface, as measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument flying aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. These data collected in early October 1997 indicate the presence of El Niño by showing a shift of humidity from west to east (blue and red areas) along the equatorial Pacific Ocean. El Niño is the term used when the warmest equatorial Pacific Ocean water is displaced toward the east. The areas of high atmospheric moisture correspond to areas of very warm ocean water. Warmer water evaporates at a higher rate and the resulting warm moist air then rises, forming tall cloud towers. In the tropics, the warm water and the resulting tall cloud towers typically produce large amounts of rain. The MLS instrument, developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, measures humidity at the top of these clouds, which are very moist. This rain is now occurring in the eastern Pacific Ocean and has left Indonesia (deep blue region) unusually dry, resulting in the current drought in that region. This image also shows moisture moving north into Mexico, an effect of several hurricanes spawned by the warm waters of El Niño. #####

Dust clouds over eastern Chi …

The desert takes to the skie …

5/9/01

Date	5/9/01
Description	The desert takes to the skies in these images of eastern China from NASA's Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR). A hazy summer view from July 9, 2000, (left) compares with a spectacularly dusty spring view from April 7, 2001, (middle). The two images cover an area from central Manchuria near the top to portions of North and South Korea at the bottom. The image on the right is a higher resolution MISR nadir- camera view of a portion of the April 7, 2001, dust cloud. When viewed at full magnification, a number of atmospheric wave features, like the ridges and valleys of a fingerprint, are apparent. These are probably induced by surface topography, which can disturb the wind flow. A few small cumulus clouds are also visible and are casting shadows on the thick lower dust layer. According to the Xinhua News Agency in China, nearly one million tons of Gobi Desert dust blow into Beijing each year. During a similar dust outbreak last year, the Associated Press reported that the visibility in Beijing had been reduced to the point where buildings were barely visible across city streets and airline schedules were significantly disrupted. The dust has also been implicated in adverse health effects such as respiratory discomfort and eye irritation. Asia's desert areas are prone to soil erosion, as underground water tables are lowered by prolonged drought and by industrial and agricultural water use. Heavy winds blowing eastward across the arid and sparsely vegetated surfaces of Mongolia and western China pick up large quantities of yellow dust. Airborne dust clouds from the April 2001 storm blew across the Pacific Ocean and were carried as far as North America. The minerals transported in this manner are believed to provide nutrients for both oceanic and land ecosystems. The left-hand and middle images are from Terra orbits 2,967 and 6,928 respectively. They are approximately 380 kilometers (236 miles) in width. The right-hand image covers an area roughly 250 kilometers (155 miles) wide by 470 kilometers (292 miles) high. Analyses of images such as these constitute one phase of MISR's participation in the Asian-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment, an international campaign aimed at studying the offshore transport of airborne particles from the Asian continent. More information about this international endeavor is available online at http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/aceasia/ . MISR, built and managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, is one of several Earth-observing experiments aboard Terra, launched in December 1999. MISR acquires images of the Earth at nine angles simultaneously, using nine separate cameras pointed forward, downward, and backward along its flight path. More information about MISR is available at http://www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov . JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Image credit: NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, MISR Team. # # # # #

Pine Island Glacier, West An …

This series of radar images …

7/24/98

Date	7/24/98
Description	This series of radar images shows the Pine Island Glacier, a major ice stream of West Antarctica, that is considered to be vulnerable to climate change and a possible trigger for the disintegration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Radar interferometry data collected between 1992 and 1996 show that the glacier is shrinking. During this time the glacier thinned by about 13 meters (42.9 feet). This is illustrated by the change in location of the black curvy line (called the hinge line), which is the area of transition between grounded ice (magenta) and floating ice (blue). The changing location of the hinge line (black curvy line) between 1992 and 1996 is shown on images B through F. Along the glacier center, the hinge line retreated 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) in 3.8 years. The recession is attributed to excess melting of the glacier's underside by warm ocean waters coming from the southern Pacific Ocean. Scientists theorize that the disintegration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet would raise sea level by several meters (yards) causing major coastal flooding worldwide. Radar interferometry is a technique pioneered by JPL that combines two radar images of the same area taken from slightly different locations. When the image are taken a few days or years apart and compared to each other, subtle changes on the ground are revealed. Dark green indicates areas of no interferometry data. Color brightness is modulated by the radar brightness of the scene. The research was conducted at JPL using data collected by the European Space Agency's Earth Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS-1 and 2). This study was reported in the July 24, 1998, edition of the journal Science. More information about radar interferometry is available at the JPL Imaging Radar home page, http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov . #####

TOPEX/La Nina

The cold pool of water in th …

3/10/99

Date	3/10/99
Description	The cold pool of water in the Pacific known as "La Nina" still persists, although it is slowly weakening, according to scientists studying new data from the U.S.-French TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. A new image, produced using sea-surface height measurements taken by the satellite, is available on the Internet at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/ . It shows sea-surface height on February 27, 1999 relative to normal ocean conditions, reflecting the heat content of the ocean. The low sea level or cold pool of water along the equator (shown in purple and blue), commonly referred to as La Nina, still dominates the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This La Nina, which first appeared in May through June 1998, still persists, although it is slowly weakening, scientists say. Given its persistence and present strength, the ocean cooling trend is expected to continue to exert a strong influence on global climate systems throughout the spring and into the early summer. This situation is similar to the 1997-1998 El Nino, which extended into late summer 1998. The world's oceans are the great reservoirs of heat that influence global climate because they can cool or heat the atmosphere above. This transfer of heat drives weather patterns across both land and sea. La Nina provides a physical link connecting the large, slow changes in the ocean with predictable changes in day-to-day weather. "La Nina shifts the high-altitude weather highway known as the 'jet stream,'" said Dr. William Patzert, an oceanographer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "It funnels storm tracks to the Pacific Northwest, which has resulted in heavy rainfall and lots of snow in that region so far, as well as the upper Midwest. Much of the Southwest, by contrast, has been shielded from stormy weather and, as a result, has received significantly less precipitation than normal to date. "This year's La Nina was average in its intensity, but at its peak, it was associated with a 15- to- 20-centimeter deep trough (6 to 8 inches) in the central tropical Pacific," Patzert said. "The depression was correlated with a 2- to- 3-degree Centigrade (about 3.5 to 5.5 degrees Fahrenheit) dip in normal ocean surface temperatures." The image also shows that the very large, unusual area of higher or warmer water (shown here in red and white) in the western Pacific Ocean, from the tropics to the Gulf of Alaska, continues to expand. Although the appearance of this feature is not fully understood, it is recognized as influential to overall weather and climate. The white areas in the image indicate that the sea-surface height is between 14 and 32 centimeters (6 to 13 inches) above normal, in the red areas, sea-surface height is about 10 centimeters (4 inches) above normal. The green areas indicate normal conditions. The purple areas are between 14 to 18 centimeters (6 to 7 inches) below normal, and the blue areas are between 5 to 13 centimeters (2 to 5 inches) below normal. The TOPEX/Poseidon mission is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA. #####

Los Angeles, California L ba …

This is a radar image of Los …

10/5/94

Date	10/5/94
Description	This is a radar image of Los Angeles, California, taken on October 2, 1994. Visible in the image are Long Beach Harbor at the bottom right (south corner of the image), Los Angeles International Airport at the bottom center, with Santa Monica just to the left of it and the Hollywood Hills to the left of Santa Monica. Also visible in the image are the freeway systems of Los Angeles, which appear as dark lines. The San Gabriel Mountains (center top) and the communities of San Fernando Valley, Simi Valley and Palmdale can be seen on the left-hand side. This image was acquired by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) aboard the space shuttle Endeavour on its 24th orbit. The image is centered at 34 degrees north latitude, 118 degrees west longitude. The area shown is approximately 100 kilometers by 52 kilometers (62 miles by 32 miles). This single- frequency SIR-C image was obtained by the L-band (24 cm) radar channel, horizontally transmitted and received. Portions of the Pacific Ocean visible in this image appear very dark as do freeways and other flat surfaces such as the airport runways. Mountains in the image are dark grey, with brighter patches on the mountain slopes, which face in the direction of the radar illumination (from the top of the image). Suburban areas, with the low-density housing and tree-lined streets that are typical of Los Angeles, appear as lighter grey. Areas with high-rise buildings, such as downtown Los Angeles, appear in very bright white, showing a higher density of housing and streets which run parallel to the radar flight track. Scientists hope to use radar image data from SIR-C/X-SAR to map fire scars in areas prone to brush fires, such as Los Angeles. In this image, the Altadena fire area is visible in the top center of the image as a patch of mountainous terrain which is slightly darker than the nearby mountains. Using all the radar frequency and polarization images provided by SIR-C/X-SAR, scientists will be able to discern these areas even more clearly. ----- Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X- SAR) is part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. The radars illuminate Earth with microwaves allowing detailed observations at any time, regardless of weather or sunlight conditions. SIR-C/X-SAR uses three microwave wavelengths: the L-band (24 cm), C-band (6 cm) and X-band (3 cm). The multi-frequency data will be used by the international scientific community to better understand the global environment and how it is changing. The SIR-C/X-SAR data, complemented by aircraft and ground studies, will give scientists clearer insights into those environmental changes which are caused by nature and those changes which are induced by human activity. SIR-C was developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. X-SAR was developed by the Dornier and Alenia Spazio companies for the German space agency, Deutsche Agentur fuer Raumfahrtangelegenheiten (DARA), and the Italian space agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), with the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft und Raumfahrt e.V.(DLR), the major partner in science, operations and data processing of X-SAR. #####

San Francisco, California L …

This is a radar image of San …

10/9/94

Date	10/9/94
Description	This is a radar image of San Francisco, California, taken on October 3, 1994. The image is about 40 kilometers by 55 kilometers (25 miles by 34 miles) with north toward the upper right. Downtown San Francisco is visible in the center of the image with the city of Oakland east (to the right) across San Francisco Bay. Also visible in the image is the Golden Gate Bridge (left center) and the Bay Bridge connecting San Francisco and Oakland. North of the Bay Bridge is Treasure Island. Alcatraz Island appears as a small dot northwest of Treasure Island. This image was acquired by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) aboard the space shuttle Endeavour on orbit 56. The image is centered at 37 degrees north latitude, 122 degrees west longitude. This single-frequency SIR-C image was obtained by the L-band (24 cm) radar channel, horizontally transmitted and received. Portions of the Pacific Ocean visible in this image appear very dark as do other smooth surfaces such as airport runways. Suburban areas, with the low-density housing and tree-lined streets that are typical of San Francisco, appear as lighter gray. Areas with high-rise buildings, such as those seen in the downtown areas, appear in very bright white, showing a higher density of housing and streets which run parallel to the radar flight track. ----- Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) is part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. The radars illuminate Earth with microwaves, allowing detailed observations at any time, regardless of weather or sunlight conditions. SIR-C/X-SAR uses three microwave wavelengths: the L-band (24 cm), C-band (6 cm) and X-band (3 cm). The multi-frequency data will be used by the international scientific community to better understand the global environment and how it is changing. The SIR-C/X-SAR data, complemented by aircraft and ground studies, will give scientists clearer insights into those environmental changes which are caused by nature and those changes which are induced by human activity. SIR-C was developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. X-SAR was developed by the Dornier and Alenia Spazio companies for the German space agency, Deutsche Agentur fuer Raumfahrtangelegenheiten (DARA), and the Italian space agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), with the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft und Raumfahrt e.V.(DLR), the major partner in science, operations and data processing of X-SAR. #####

Rabaul, Papua New Guinea L,C …

This is a radar image of the …

11/18/94

Date	11/18/94
Description	This is a radar image of the Rabaul volcano on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea taken almost a month after its September 19, 1994, eruption that killed five people and covered the town of Rabaul and nearby villages with up to 75 centimeters (30 inches) of ash. More than 53,000 people have been displaced by the eruption. The image was acquired by the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) aboard the space shuttle Endeavour on its 173rd orbit on October 11, 1994. This image is centered at 4.2 degrees south latitude and 152.2 degrees east longitude in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The area shown is approximately 21 kilometers by 25 kilometers (13 miles by 15.5 miles). North is toward the upper right. The colors in this image were obtained using the following radar channels: red represents the L-band (horizontally transmitted and received), green represents the L-band (horizontally transmitted and vertically received), blue represents the C- band (horizontally transmitted and vertically received). Most of the Rabaul volcano is underwater and the caldera (crater) creates Blanche Bay, the semi-circular body of water that occupies most of the center of the image. Volcanic vents within the caldera are visible in the image and include Vulcan, on a peninsula on the west side of the bay, and Rabalanakaia and Tavurvur (the circular purple feature near the mouth of the bay) on the east side. Both Vulcan and Tavurvur were active during the 1994 eruption. Ash deposits appear red-orange on the image, and are most prominent on the south flanks of Vulcan and north and northwest of Tavurvur. A faint blue patch in the water in the center of the image is a large raft of floating pumice fragments that were ejected from Vulcan during the eruption and clog the inner bay. Visible on the east side of the bay are the grid-like patterns of the streets of Rabaul and an airstrip, which appears as a dark northwest-trending band at the right-center of the image. Ashfall and subsequent rains caused the collapse of most buildings in the town of Rabaul. Mudflows and flooding continue to pose serious threats to the town and surrounding villages. Volcanologists and local authorities expect to use data such as this radar image to assist them in identifying the mechanisms of the eruption and future hazardous conditions that may be associated with the vigorously active volcano. ----- Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) is part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. The radars illuminate Earth with microwaves, allowing detailed observations at any time, regardless of weather or sunlight conditions. SIR-C/X-SAR uses three microwave wavelengths: L-band (24 cm), C-band (6 cm) and X-band (3 cm). The multi- frequency data will be used by the international scientific community to better understand the global environment and how it is changing. The SIR-C/X-SAR data, complemented by aircraft and ground studies, will give scientists clearer insights into those environmental changes which are caused by nature and those changes which are induced by human activity. SIR-C was developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. X-SAR was developed by the Dornier and Alenia Spazio companies for the German space agency, Deutsche Agentur fuer Raumfahrtangelegenheiten (DARA), and the Italian space agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), with the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft und Raumfahrt e.v.(DLR), the major partner in science, operations and data processing of X-SAR. #####

Perspective with Landsat Overlay Santa Monica Bay to Mount Baden-Powell, CA

Perspective with Landsat Ove …

Los Angeles may be the world …

10/5/00

Date	10/5/00
Description	Los Angeles may be the world's entertainment capital, but it is a difficult place to locate television and radio antennas. The metropolitan area spreads from the Pacific Ocean to Southern California's upper and lower deserts, valleys, mountains, canyons and coastal plains. While this unique geography offers something for everyone in terms of urban, suburban, small-town, and even semi-rural living, reception of television and radio signals can be problematic where there is no line-of-sight to a transmitting antenna. Broadcasters must choose antenna sites carefully in order to reach the greatest number of customers. Most local television towers are located atop Mount Wilson (elevation 1740 m =5710 ft), which is located on the front range of the San Gabriel Mountains (indistinctly visible, just right of the image center). This site is preferable to the highest peak seen here (Mount Baden-Powell, 2865 m =9399 ft) because it's closer to the urban center and has fewer obstructing peaks. It is also situated at a protruding bend in the mountain front and has few obstructions to the left and right. Computer automated methods combined with elevation models produced by SRTM will quantitatively optimize such factors in the siting of future transmission antenna installations worldwide. This perspective view looks northeastward from the Santa Monica Bay. The San Fernando Valley is on the left, Pasadena is against the mountain front at right-center, and downtown Los Angeles is on the coastal plain directly in front of Mount Baden-Powell. This image was generated by draping a Landsat satellite image over a preliminary topographic map from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30-meter resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyses of the large and growing Landsat image archive. The elevation data used in this image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. SRTM was designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 29 kilometers (18 miles) view width, 70 kilometers (43 miles) view distance Location: 34.2 deg. North lat., 118.2 deg. West lon. Orientation: View toward the northeast, 3X vertical exaggeration Image: Landsat bands 1, 2&4, 3 as blue, green, and red, respectively Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 (SRTM), November 11, 1986 (Landsat) Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA #####

Perspective View with Landsat Overlay Caliente Range and Cuyama Valley, California

Perspective View with Landsa …

Before the arrival of Europe …

1/11/01

Date	1/11/01
Description	Before the arrival of Europeans, California's Cuyama Valley was inhabited by Native Americans who were culturally and politically tied to the Chumash tribes of coastal Santa Barbara County. Centuries later, the area remains the site of noted Native American rock art paintings. In the 1800s, when Europeans established large cattle and horse-breeding ranches in the valley, the early settlers reported the presence of small villages along the Cuyama River. This perspective view looks upstream toward the southeast through the Cuyama Valley. The Caliente Range, with peak elevations above 1,550 meters (5,085 feet), borders the valley on the left. The Cuyama River, seen as a bright meandering line on the valley floor, enters the valley from headwaters more than 2,438 meters (8,000 feet) above sea level near Mount Abel and flows 154 kilometers (96 miles) before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river's course has been determined in large part by displacement along numerous faults. Today, the Cuyama Valley is the home of large ranches and small farms. The area has a population of 1,120 and is more than an hour and a half drive from the nearest city in the county. This image was generated by draping an enhanced Landsat satellite image over elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Landsat has been providing visible and infrared views of the Earth since 1972. SRTM elevation data matches the 30- meter (98-feet) resolution of most Landsat images and will substantially help in analyses of the large and growing Landsat image archive. For visualization purposes, topographic heights displayed in this image are exaggerated two times. Colors approximate natural colors. The elevation data used in this image was acquired by SRTM aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR- C/X-SAR) that flew twice on Endeavour in 1994. SRTM was designed to collect three- dimensional measurements of Earth's land surface. To collect the 3-D SRTM data, engineers added a mast 60 meters (about 200 feet) long, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense, and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Location (Center): 34.97 deg. North lat., 119.70 deg. West lon. View: Southeast Scale: Scale Varies in this Perspective Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 SRTM, December 14, 1984 Landsat Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA/USGS # # # # #

Voyager's Ocean Planet

title	Voyager's Ocean Planet
date	09.18.1977
description	This picture of the Earth and Moon in a single frame, the first of its kind ever taken by a spacecraft, was recorded September 18, 1977, but NASAs Voyager 1 when it was 7.25 million miles (11.66 million kilometers) from Earth. The moon is at the top of the picture and beyond the Earth as viewed by Voyager. In the picture are eastern Asia, the western Pacific Ocean and part of the Arctic. Voyager 1 was directly above Mt. Everest (on the night side of the planet at 25 degrees north latitude) when the picture was taken. The photo was made from three images taken through color filters, then processed by the Image Processing Lab at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Because the Earth is many times brighter than the Moon, the Moon was artificially brightened by a factor of three relative to the Earth by computer enhancement so that both bodies would show clearly in the prints. Voyager 1 was launched September 5, 1977 and Voyager 2 on August 20, 1977. JPL is responsible for the Voyager mission. Image Credit: NASA

First Picture of the Earth and Moon in a Single Frame

First Picture of the Earth a …

Title	First Picture of the Earth and Moon in a Single Frame
Full Description	This picture of the Earth and Moon in a single frame, the first of its kind ever taken by a spacecraft, was recorded September 18, 1977, but NASAs Voyager 1 when it was 7.25 million miles (11.66 million kilometers) from Earth. The moon is at the top of the picture and beyond the Earth as viewed by Voyager. In the picture are eastern Asia, the western Pacific Ocean and part of the Arctic. Voyager 1 was directly above Mt. Everest (on the night side of the planet at 25 degrees north latitude) when the picture was taken. The photo was made from three images taken through color filters, then processed by the Image Processing Lab at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Because the Earth is many times brighter than the Moon, the Moon was artificially brightened by a factor of three relative to the Earth by computer enhancement so that both bodies would show clearly in the prints. Voyager 1 was launched September 5, 1977 and Voyager 2 on August 20, 1977. JPL is responsible for the Voyager mission.
Date	09/18/1977
NASA Center	Jet Propulsion Laboratory

The Earth and Moon

Title	The Earth and Moon
Full Description	During its flight, the Galileo spacecraft returned images of the Earth and Moon. Separate images of the Earth and Moon were combined to generate this view. The Galileo spacecraft took the images in 1992 on its way to explore the Jupiter system in 1995-97. The image shows a partial view of the Earth centered on the Pacific Ocean about latitude 20 degrees south. The west coast of South America can be observed as well as the Caribbean, swirling white cloud patterns indicate storms in the southeast Pacific. The distinct bright ray crater at the bottom of the Moon is the Tycho impact basin. The lunar dark areas are lava rock filled impact basins. This picture contains same scale and relative color/albedo images of the Earth and Moon. False colors via use of the 1-micron filter as red, 727-nm filter as green, and violet filter as blue. The Galileo project is managed for NASA's Office of Space Science by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Date	01/02/1990
NASA Center	Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Hokkaido, Japan

Title	Hokkaido, Japan
Description	Cities mingle with rugged hills and a dormant volcano in this image of Hokkaido, Japan. This three-dimensional image comes from observations made by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov ] satellite on July 23, 2006. The view is toward the north and slightly east. Green indicates vegetation, beige and gray indicate bare ground, paved surfaces, or buildings, and dark blue indicates water. The water body at the top of the image is the Pacific Ocean. Now dormant, Mount Yotei is a stratovolcanoa symmetrical cone composed of alternating layers of hardened lava, solidified ash, and volcanic rocks ejected in previous eruptions. It reaches a height of 1,898 meters (6,227 feet), and its summit sports a 700-meter- (2,297-foot-) wide crater. Snow often caps this volcano, but in this summertime shot, the volcano's summit is snow-free. The volcano is also known as Ezo-Fuji for its resemblance to Mount Fuji. As angular patches of gray and beige indicate, urban areas surround the volcano, most notably the city of Kutchan to the northwest. Even when volcanoes remain active, people often settle close to them, drawn by benefits [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/NatHazards/ ] of good soil and mild climates that appear to outweigh the risks. NASA image by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team.

Hurricane Celia

Title	Hurricane Celia
Description	The image above shows Tropical Storm Celia on July 21, 2004, in visible light, as you would perceive it from space. Located in the eastern north Pacific Ocean off the coast of Mexico, Celia has a small eye with an 80-90 percent closed eyewall. Celia briefly reached hurricane status on July 22 when sustained winds reached 75 miles per hour and gusts reached 92 mph, making it the first hurricane of the eastern north Pacific season. This image was acquired by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth?s weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth?s surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA?s Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] spacecraft. For more images and information about Hurricane Celia, please visit the AIRS [ http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/image_releases/2004/tropical_storm_celia.html ] web site. Image courtesy AIRS team [ http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov/ ], NASA JPL

Hurricane Darby

Title	Hurricane Darby
Description	The image above shows Tropical Depression 5E on July 26 before it evolved into Tropical Storm Darby. This daylight image was made with the visible sensor in the AIRS instrument suite. Located in the eastern north Pacific Ocean off the coast of Mexico, Darby is in the upper right-hand corner. Circulation is not apparent because the storm was not organized sufficiently to allow the nascent eye to appear. At this time, winds were approximately 35 mph. In the early morning of July 28th, Darby was upgraded to hurricane status. About the Movie The major contribution to radiation (infrared light) that AIRS infrared channels sense comes from different levels in the atmosphere, depending upon the channel wavelength. To create the movies, a set of AIRS infrared channels were selected which probe the atmosphere at progressively deeper levels. If there were no clouds, the color in each frame would be nearly uniform until the Earth's surface is encountered. The tropospheric air temperature warms at a rate of 6 K (about 11 F) for each kilometer of descent toward the surface. Thus the colors would gradually change from cold to warm as the movie progresses. Clouds block the infrared radiation. Thus wherever there are clouds we can penetrate no deeper in infrared. The color remains fixed as the movie progresses, for that area of the image is "stuck" to the cloud top temperature. The coldest temperatures around 220 K (about -65 F) come from altitudes of about 10 miles. We therefore see in a 'surface channel' at the end of the movie, signals from clouds as cold as 220 K and from Earth's surface at 310 K (about 100 F). The very coldest clouds are seen in deep convection thunderstorms over land. Image courtesy AIRS team [ http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov/ ], NASA JPL

Hurricane Darby

Title	Hurricane Darby
Description	The image above shows Tropical Depression 5E on July 26 before it evolved into Tropical Storm Darby. This daylight image was made with the visible sensor in the AIRS instrument suite. Located in the eastern north Pacific Ocean off the coast of Mexico, Darby is in the upper right-hand corner. Circulation is not apparent because the storm was not organized sufficiently to allow the nascent eye to appear. At this time, winds were approximately 35 mph. In the early morning of July 28th, Darby was upgraded to hurricane status. About the Movie The major contribution to radiation (infrared light) that AIRS infrared channels sense comes from different levels in the atmosphere, depending upon the channel wavelength. To create the movies, a set of AIRS infrared channels were selected which probe the atmosphere at progressively deeper levels. If there were no clouds, the color in each frame would be nearly uniform until the Earth's surface is encountered. The tropospheric air temperature warms at a rate of 6 K (about 11 F) for each kilometer of descent toward the surface. Thus the colors would gradually change from cold to warm as the movie progresses. Clouds block the infrared radiation. Thus wherever there are clouds we can penetrate no deeper in infrared. The color remains fixed as the movie progresses, for that area of the image is "stuck" to the cloud top temperature. The coldest temperatures around 220 K (about -65 F) come from altitudes of about 10 miles. We therefore see in a 'surface channel' at the end of the movie, signals from clouds as cold as 220 K and from Earth's surface at 310 K (about 100 F). The very coldest clouds are seen in deep convection thunderstorms over land. Image courtesy AIRS team [ http://airs.jpl.nasa.gov/ ], NASA JPL

Earthquake in Northern Chile

Title	Earthquake in Northern Chile
Description	A 7.8 earthquake rattled northern Chile on June 13, 2005, at 6:44 p.m. local time, killing 11 and leaving hundreds homeless, according to the Associated Press. The large quake shook much of South America and was felt in Brasilia, Brazil, approximately 2,400 kilometers to the east and in Santiago, Chile, 1,515 kilometers to the south. The most damage occurred near the earthquake?s center in the rural, mountainous section of the Tarapaca Province, where the shaking triggered landslides and flattened houses. This topographical image of northern Chile shows the geology that produced this earthquake. The center of the earthquake is represented with a plus sign in the image. To the east, pink represents the higher elevation of the mountains, with the highest peaks tipped in white. Among the tallest is the 5,995-meter-high Cerro Sillajhuay on the border with Bolivia. The steeply changing elevation and folds in the land around the earthquake?s center make it easy to see why the earthquake caused landslides. To the west of the center, the land gradually flattens into the flat Pampa del Tamarugal, a broad green ribbon of low-elevation land. Far to the west of the region shown here, the Nazca Plate (a section of the Earth?s crust that carries part of the Pacific Ocean) pushes steadily under the South American Plate, pushing up the Andes Mountains along the western edge of South America. Earthquakes happen frequently where sections of the Earth?s crust collide, and Chile is particularly prone to geologic activity. The same conditions that give rise to earthquakes have also produced some 620 volcanoes throughout the country. The June 13 earthquake occurred east of the plate?s surface boundary, near the base of the Cordillera Occidental, a range of the Andes. The quake was centered deep in the Earth, 119 kilometers (74 miles) from the surface, where the land is being forced up by the now subducted Nazca Plate. This topographical image was created using data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) [ http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/ ]. SRTM was designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth?s surface using a radar instrument that flew aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour in February 2000. To read more about this earthquake, please visit the United States Geological Survey?s Earthquake Hazards Program [ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2005/uszgbu/ ]. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using Shuttle Radar Topography (SRTM) elevation data obtained from the University of Maryland?s Global Land Cover Facility.

Islands of the Four Mountain …

Title	Islands of the Four Mountains
Description	In the northern Pacific Ocean off the southwest coast of Alaska, the planet is building new land. Arcing southwestward from Alaska like the tail of a kite, the Aleutian Islands are a string of active and dormant volcanoes fed by magma created by the collision of the Pacific Plate with the North American Plate. [ http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eastern/plates.html ] In the northeast part of the range, a cluster of summits known as the Islands of the Four Mountains is home to Cleveland Volcano, one of the Aleutians' most frequently active volcanoes. This image of the central part of the Islands of the Four Mountains group was captured by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov ] satellite on July 27, 2007. In the center of the image, Cleveland Volcano is connected to Chuginadak Volcano by a thin strip of land that appears to be barely above sea level in places. Together these mountains make up Chuginadak Island. Vegetation on the lower slopes of the mountains is bright green, while bare rock is charcoal-colored. Even so late in the summer, snow streaks the summits. Although no ash clouds or fresh lava flows are visible, more subtle signs of recent activity at Cleveland Volcano do exist. A close-up view of the summit (lower image) shows a cloud that aerial photography confirmed was a steam plume. The other obvious sign of recent activity is the near absence of snow on the mountain. Cleveland's slopes are almost completely bare, while neighboring summitsall of which are lower in elevationare capped with snow. Heat from the volcano frequently melts the snow pack on Cleveland. Scientists at the Alaska Volcano Observatory [ http://www.avo.alaska.edu/ ] keep track of activity in the Aleutian Islands for scientific and practical purposes: ash eruptions can create hazards for airplanes, which frequently pass through the area on their way from North America to Asia and Europe. The scientists use a combination of seismic data, Webcams, field visits, aerial photography, and satellite observations to do their jobs. At the time it captured this image, ASTER also collected thermal infrared data (not pictured) that documented that the crater was still warm (41 degrees Celsius, or 106 Fahrenheit) when Terra passed overhead. You can download a 15-meter-resolution KMZ file of the Islands of the Four Mountains [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/Images/aleutians_ast_2007178.kmz ] suitable for use with Google Earth. [ http://earth.google.com/ ] NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]

Eruption of Anatahan

Title	Eruption of Anatahan
Description	) captured the lower image, the island was made up of two volcanoes whose conjoined summit calderas formed an elliptical valley at the island?s center. Aside from occasional tremors, the island was quiet and no eruption had ever been recorded. Green plants, shown in red in these false-color (infrared-enhanced) images, covered the island and filled the caldera at its center. By April 27, 2005, the island had been transformed by a series of eruptions. On May 10, 2003, Anatahan?s eastern crater exploded, sending about 10 million cubic meters of material over the island and the surrounding ocean. The eruption continued through June 14, 2003. Smaller eruptions racked the eastern volcano between April and July 2004. The third recorded eruption at Anatahan began on January 6, 2005, and continued intermittently until the volcano exploded with its largest observed eruption on April 6, 2005. In this eruption, about 50 million cubic meters of ash was blasted from the eastern volcano. The volcano was still emitting steam and ash on April 27, when ASTER acquired the top image. The three eruptions have taken a toll on Anatahan. On April 27, the center of the island was completely devoid of plants, covered instead by grey volcanic material. Ash appears to have blanketed the western fringe of the island, where a layer of grey covers the underlying vegetation. The light cloud, ash and steam that cover the island make it difficult to see changes to the caldera, but it appears that the eruptions may have destroyed its southern wall. It also appears that volcanic material may have flowed into the Pacific Ocean on the south side of the island. The changes are easier to see at ASTER?s full resolution of 15 meters per pixel, provided above. The full scene, top link, shows the island and the plume of ash that extends northwest of the volcano. The center link provides a large version of the scene cropped in on the island to match the 2002 image. Anatahan Island sits in the center of the Northern Mariana Islands. The island arc forms a classic arc that frames the eastern edge of the Philippine plate, a large section of the Earth?s crust that floats on a layer of softer rock. To the east of the Marianas, the slab of crust that carries the Pacific Ocean crashes against the Philippine Plate. In the clash, the colder, denser Pacific Plate sinks beneath the Philippine Plate, forming the Mariana Trench, a deep gorge that plunges to a depth of 10,920 meters (35,827 feet)?deeper than Everest is tall and the deepest known point in any ocean. Plummeting deep into the Earth, the Pacific Plate breaks up, and the pressure and the heat melts some of the breaking rock. The hot rock forces its way back to the surface through weak points in the overriding Philippine Plate, creating the arc of volcanoes that make up the Northern Mariana Islands. Among the 14 small islands in the Northern Mariana Islands, there are 12 major volcanoes, including Anatahan. NASA images created by Jesse, Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the ASTER team and the Goddard Earth Sciences DAAC., Three years have brought drastic changes to the island of Anatahan in the Northern Mariana Islands. In 2002, when the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]

Eruption of Anatahan

Title	Eruption of Anatahan
Description	) captured the lower image, the island was made up of two volcanoes whose conjoined summit calderas formed an elliptical valley at the island?s center. Aside from occasional tremors, the island was quiet and no eruption had ever been recorded. Green plants, shown in red in these false-color (infrared-enhanced) images, covered the island and filled the caldera at its center. By April 27, 2005, the island had been transformed by a series of eruptions. On May 10, 2003, Anatahan?s eastern crater exploded, sending about 10 million cubic meters of material over the island and the surrounding ocean. The eruption continued through June 14, 2003. Smaller eruptions racked the eastern volcano between April and July 2004. The third recorded eruption at Anatahan began on January 6, 2005, and continued intermittently until the volcano exploded with its largest observed eruption on April 6, 2005. In this eruption, about 50 million cubic meters of ash was blasted from the eastern volcano. The volcano was still emitting steam and ash on April 27, when ASTER acquired the top image. The three eruptions have taken a toll on Anatahan. On April 27, the center of the island was completely devoid of plants, covered instead by grey volcanic material. Ash appears to have blanketed the western fringe of the island, where a layer of grey covers the underlying vegetation. The light cloud, ash and steam that cover the island make it difficult to see changes to the caldera, but it appears that the eruptions may have destroyed its southern wall. It also appears that volcanic material may have flowed into the Pacific Ocean on the south side of the island. The changes are easier to see at ASTER?s full resolution of 15 meters per pixel, provided above. The full scene, top link, shows the island and the plume of ash that extends northwest of the volcano. The center link provides a large version of the scene cropped in on the island to match the 2002 image. Anatahan Island sits in the center of the Northern Mariana Islands. The island arc forms a classic arc that frames the eastern edge of the Philippine plate, a large section of the Earth?s crust that floats on a layer of softer rock. To the east of the Marianas, the slab of crust that carries the Pacific Ocean crashes against the Philippine Plate. In the clash, the colder, denser Pacific Plate sinks beneath the Philippine Plate, forming the Mariana Trench, a deep gorge that plunges to a depth of 10,920 meters (35,827 feet)?deeper than Everest is tall and the deepest known point in any ocean. Plummeting deep into the Earth, the Pacific Plate breaks up, and the pressure and the heat melts some of the breaking rock. The hot rock forces its way back to the surface through weak points in the overriding Philippine Plate, creating the arc of volcanoes that make up the Northern Mariana Islands. Among the 14 small islands in the Northern Mariana Islands, there are 12 major volcanoes, including Anatahan. NASA images created by Jesse, Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the ASTER team and the Goddard Earth Sciences DAAC., Three years have brought drastic changes to the island of Anatahan in the Northern Mariana Islands. In 2002, when the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]

Eruption of Anatahan

Title	Eruption of Anatahan
Description	) captured the lower image, the island was made up of two volcanoes whose conjoined summit calderas formed an elliptical valley at the island?s center. Aside from occasional tremors, the island was quiet and no eruption had ever been recorded. Green plants, shown in red in these false-color (infrared-enhanced) images, covered the island and filled the caldera at its center. By April 27, 2005, the island had been transformed by a series of eruptions. On May 10, 2003, Anatahan?s eastern crater exploded, sending about 10 million cubic meters of material over the island and the surrounding ocean. The eruption continued through June 14, 2003. Smaller eruptions racked the eastern volcano between April and July 2004. The third recorded eruption at Anatahan began on January 6, 2005, and continued intermittently until the volcano exploded with its largest observed eruption on April 6, 2005. In this eruption, about 50 million cubic meters of ash was blasted from the eastern volcano. The volcano was still emitting steam and ash on April 27, when ASTER acquired the top image. The three eruptions have taken a toll on Anatahan. On April 27, the center of the island was completely devoid of plants, covered instead by grey volcanic material. Ash appears to have blanketed the western fringe of the island, where a layer of grey covers the underlying vegetation. The light cloud, ash and steam that cover the island make it difficult to see changes to the caldera, but it appears that the eruptions may have destroyed its southern wall. It also appears that volcanic material may have flowed into the Pacific Ocean on the south side of the island. The changes are easier to see at ASTER?s full resolution of 15 meters per pixel, provided above. The full scene, top link, shows the island and the plume of ash that extends northwest of the volcano. The center link provides a large version of the scene cropped in on the island to match the 2002 image. Anatahan Island sits in the center of the Northern Mariana Islands. The island arc forms a classic arc that frames the eastern edge of the Philippine plate, a large section of the Earth?s crust that floats on a layer of softer rock. To the east of the Marianas, the slab of crust that carries the Pacific Ocean crashes against the Philippine Plate. In the clash, the colder, denser Pacific Plate sinks beneath the Philippine Plate, forming the Mariana Trench, a deep gorge that plunges to a depth of 10,920 meters (35,827 feet)?deeper than Everest is tall and the deepest known point in any ocean. Plummeting deep into the Earth, the Pacific Plate breaks up, and the pressure and the heat melts some of the breaking rock. The hot rock forces its way back to the surface through weak points in the overriding Philippine Plate, creating the arc of volcanoes that make up the Northern Mariana Islands. Among the 14 small islands in the Northern Mariana Islands, there are 12 major volcanoes, including Anatahan. NASA images created by Jesse, Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the ASTER team and the Goddard Earth Sciences DAAC., Three years have brought drastic changes to the island of Anatahan in the Northern Mariana Islands. In 2002, when the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]

Fires in Eastern Russia

Title	Fires in Eastern Russia
Description	Fires in Eastern Russia In the boreal zone of Eurasia, particularly in the Russian Federation and northern China, the number and extent of fires have been observed to increase over the last few years. During the first two weeks of April, 2003, numerous fires occurred in eastern Russia and northeast China, and produced a large amount of smoke that rose to form a thick layer of tiny atmospheric particles, or aerosols. As these aerosols moved eastwards over the northern portion of the Pacific Ocean, the thickness of the smoke passing over an area south of the Aleutian Islands was measured on April 12, 2003 by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aboard NASA's Terra satellite. At left is a natural-color image acquired by MISR's most obliquely forward-viewing camera. In this view, the pall of smoke causes the normally dark ocean water to appear significantly brighter. The center panel is a stereoscopically-derived height field for the clouds, with retrieved cloud-tracked wind vectors (indicated by the yellow arrows) superimposed over the height field. The vectors point in the direction of wind motion and their lengths are proportional to speed, with the longest vector corresponding to a wind speed of about 19 meters per second. (Note that these vectors can represent winds associated with clouds at different altitudes.) The smoke exhibits very little spatial contrast and is not captured by the stereoscopic height and wind retrievals. However, the smoke is situated at a similar altitude to the low-level stratocumulus clouds, and the existing wind vectors indicate that winds at these altitudes blew generally from the west. The right-hand panel maps the abundance of aerosol particles as aerosol optical depth. MISR characterizes aerosols by the changes in the atmosphere's ability to transmit light at different view angles and by the variation in scene brightness, as well as by the spectral characteristics of aerosols. Higher optical depths corresponding with regions containing significant amounts of smoke are indicated by green, yellow and orange pixels, while clearer skies are indicated by the blue and purple pixels. Places where clouds or other factors precluded an aerosol retrieval are shown in dark gray. The three panels cover the same geographic area, which ranges in latitude from about 32° N to 47° N and traverses the international dateline from 171° E to 179° W. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously from pole to pole, and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. The MISR Browse Image Viewer [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/MISRBR/ ] provides access to low-resolution true-color versions of these images. These data products were generated from a portion of the imagery acquired during Terra orbit 17644., The panels cover an area of approximately 400 kilometers x 1830 kilometers. Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, MISR Team. [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] Text byClare Averill (Acro Service Corporation/JPL).

QuikSCAT Launches

Title	QuikSCAT Launches
Description	NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikScat) lofted into space on June 19 from California's Vandenberg Air Force Base. QuikScat will provide climatologists, meteorologists, and oceanographers with daily, detailed snapshots of ocean winds. The mission will greatly improve weather forecasting. The satellite was launched on a U.S. Air Force Titan II launch vehicle soaring over the Pacific Ocean at sunset. Approximately two and a half minutes after launch, the Titan II first-stage engine shut down and the second stage ignited. A minute later, the nose cone separated in two halves and was jettisoned as planned. An hour into flight, QuikScat deployed its solar arrays. For more information, see:related story [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/Stories/QuikScat.html ] in the Newsroom QuikSCAT web site [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]

QuikSCAT Launches

Title	QuikSCAT Launches
Description	NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikScat) lofted into space on June 19 from California's Vandenberg Air Force Base. QuikScat will provide climatologists, meteorologists, and oceanographers with daily, detailed snapshots of ocean winds. The mission will greatly improve weather forecasting. The satellite was launched on a U.S. Air Force Titan II launch vehicle soaring over the Pacific Ocean at sunset. Approximately two and a half minutes after launch, the Titan II first-stage engine shut down and the second stage ignited. A minute later, the nose cone separated in two halves and was jettisoned as planned. An hour into flight, QuikScat deployed its solar arrays. For more information, see:related story [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/Stories/QuikScat.html ] in the Newsroom QuikSCAT web site [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]

The Beginnings of Typhoon Ha …

Title	The Beginnings of Typhoon Hagibis
Description	Although it eventually reached ?Super Typhoon? status, on May 15, 2002, Typhoon Hagibis was just getting started in the western Pacific Ocean north of New Guinea. This QuikSCAT image shows the wind speed and direction, with speeds categorized from 0.5 meters per second (1.1 miles per hour, darkest blue) to 12.5 meters per second (27.9 miles per hour, red) and higher. Black arrows mark the direction of the air flow. The storm tracked westward for a time towards the Philippines before turning northeast. As of May 22, wind speeds had dropped to under 70 miles per hour, and the storm was several hundred miles east of Japan. Though it's rather early in the season for typhoon development, the western Pacific is unusually warm for this time of year, and the warmer temperatures are fueling earlier storms. Image provided by W. Timothy Liu, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Scatterometry Team, [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] Pasadena, CA.

Typhoon Krosa

Title	Typhoon Krosa
Description	This colorful image reveals the wind structure within the quickly developing Typhoon Krosa. NASA's QuikSCAT [ http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/quikscat/index.cfm ] satellite captured the data used to make this image. Wind speeds are depicted in a rainbow of colors, with the highest speeds in purple and the slowest speeds in blue. The barbs show wind direction, and white barbs depict areas of heavy rain. Though Krosa was a weak storm when QuikSCAT observed it at 9:48 UTC on October 2, 2007, its strengthening winds still have the classic bull's eye shape observed in a strong storm. Sustained winds in the center of the storm ranged between 110 kilometers per hour (70 miles per hour or 60 knots) and 120 km/hr (75 mph or 65 knots), said the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. These wind speeds put the storm on the border between a tropical storm and a Category 1 typhoon. In this image, the strongest winds are depicted in purple and surround concentric rings of calm air where an eye has clearly formed. The strong wind fields aren't perfectly symmetric, and that is a sign that the storm was still forming. Krosa initially formed over the western Pacific Ocean on October 1. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center predicted that the storm would grow into a powerful typhoon as it moved towards the China coast. Measurements of the actual wind strength of cyclones are often higher than those measured by QuikSCAT. QuikSCAT employs a scatterometer, which sends pulses of microwave energy through the atmosphere to the ocean surface, and measures the energy that bounces back from the wind-roughened surface. The energy of the microwave pulses changes depending on wind speed and direction, giving scientists a way to monitor wind around the world. This technique does not work over land, but allows measurements in storms over oceans. Tropical cyclones, however, are difficult to measure. To relate the radar energy that returns to the sensor to actual wind speed, scientists compare measurements taken from buoys and other ground stations to data the satellite acquired at the same time and place. Because the high wind speeds generated by cyclones are rare, scientists do not have corresponding ground information to know how to translate data from the satellite for wind speeds above 50 knots (about 93 km/hr or 58 mph). Also, the unusually heavy rain found in a cyclone distorts the microwave pulses in a number of ways, making a conversion to accurate wind speed difficult. Instead, the scatterometer provides a nice picture of the relative wind speeds within the storm and shows wind direction. NASA image courtesy of David Long, Brigham Young University, on the QuikSCAT Science Team [ http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ ], and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

A Gravity Map of Earth

Title	A Gravity Map of Earth
Explanation	Is gravity [ http://www.curtin.edu.au/curtin/dept/phys-sci/gravity/history/history.htm ] the same over the surface of the Earth [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001127.html ]? No -- it turns out that in some places you will feel slightly heavier [ http://www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/textbook/weightvmass.html ] than others. The above relief map [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/earth/features/watkins.html ] shows in exaggerated highs and lows where the gravitational field [ http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newtongrav.html ] of Earth [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010204.html ] is relatively strong and weak. A low spot can be seen just off the coast of India [ http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/in.html ], while a relative high occurs in the South Pacific Ocean [ http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/zn.html ]. The cause of these irregularities is unknown since present surface features do not appear dominant. Scientists hypothesize [ http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast30oct_1.htm ] that factors that are more important lay in deep underground structures [ http://www.thetech.org/exhibits_events/online/quakes/inside/mantle.html ] and may be related to the Earth's appearance in the distant past [ http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm ]. To better map Earth's gravity [ http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/nerem01/node3.html ] and hence better understand its interior [ http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earthint.htm ] and past, NASA [ http://www.nasa.gov/ ] plans to launch the Gravity Recovery and Climate [ http://essp.gsfc.nasa.gov/grace/ ] (GRACE) satellite in February.

Rocket Trail at Sunset

Title	Rocket Trail at Sunset
Explanation	Bright light from a setting Sun and pale glow from a rising Moon both contribute to this stunning picture of a rocket exhaust trail twisting and drifting [ http://www.parres.com/john/photos/rocket.html ] in the evening sky. Looking west [ http://www.freqofnature.com/photos/mmiii/ ], the digital telephoto view was recorded from Table Mountain Observatory [ http://tmf-web.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] near Wrightwood California, USA on September 19, four days before the autumnal equinox [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000923.html ]. The rocket, a Minuteman III [ http://www.nasm.si.edu/nasm/dsh/artifacts/ RM-Minuteman3.htm ] solid fuel missile, was far down range when the image was taken. Launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base [ http://www.vandenberg.af.mil/30sw/launches/ launches_images.html ] it carried its test payload thousands of miles out over the Pacific Ocean. The red/orange color [ http://www.sandiegohomeschooling.com/articles/ 2002/09-missle.shtml ] from the setting Sun dramatically intensifies near the top of the rocket trail, but below the sunset line, the very bottom of the trail is faintly illuminated from the east by a nearly full Moon [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020705.html ]. Still in full sunlight, the bright diffuse cloud at the top of the trail, the result of a rocket stage separation, is tinged with rainbows likely produced by high altitude ice crystals forming in the exhaust plume. Astronomer James Young [ http://www.w7ftt.net/photos.html ] comments that the cloud takes on the appearance of a white dove flying from right to left across the sky.

The Earth and Moon from Mars

Title	The Earth and Moon from Mars
Explanation	What does Earth [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010204.html ] look like from Mars [ http://www.nineplanets.org/mars.html ]? The first image [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04531 ] of Earth from the red planet was captured earlier this month by the camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030526.html http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/overvu/overview.html ] currently orbiting Mars. Features visible on Earth include the Pacific Ocean [ http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/zn.html ], clouds [ http://seaborg.nmu.edu/Clouds/types.html ], much of South America [ http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/southamerica.html ], and part of North America [ http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/northamerica.html ]. Earth's Moon [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020316.html ] is visible on the upper right, with the crater Tycho [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010809.html ] brightening the lower part. Previously, Earth has been imaged from the Moon [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000701.html ] and spacecraft [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap011015.html ] across [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020127.html ] the [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000325.html ] Solar [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980904.html ] System [ http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/pale_blue_dot.html ].

El Niño Earth

Title	El Niño Earth
Explanation	El Niño [ http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/toga-tao/el-nino-story.html ] is a temporary global climate change resulting from unusually warm water in the central Pacific Ocean. El Niño [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971112.html http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/toga-tao/el-nino/ ] can cause unusual or severe weather for some locations over the next few months. Warm water is shown in white in the above false-color picture [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/p49337.html ] taken by the orbiting TOPEX/Poseidon satellite [ http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] in late October. The Pacific Ocean [ http://oceanographer.navy.mil/pacific.html ] is color coded by sea surface height relative to normal ocean levels. The large white area represents a mass of warm water 30 times greater than all the Great Lakes [ http://www.iet.msu.edu/GreatLakes/grtlks.htm ], flowing toward the Americas [ http://www.gcc.net/commerce/chamber/americas/namerica.htm ]. Although El Niños occur every decade or so, this year's is the first ever predicted. The cause and full effects of El Niño [ http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/toga-tao/el-nino/1997.html ]s are still under study.

NASA's X-43A Scramjet Sets Air Speed Record

NASA's X-43A Scramjet Sets A …

Title	NASA's X-43A Scramjet Sets Air Speed Record
Explanation	Using oxygen from the air itself, a NASA experimental jet propelled itself past Mach 7 in the atmosphere above the Pacific Ocean this weekend. The small automated X-43A Hyper-X [ http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/X-43A/HTML/index.html ] craft was dropped from a huge converted B-52 [ http://www.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?fsID=83 ] bomber and then accelerated by a standard Pegasus rocket [ http://spaceplace.jpl.nasa.gov/galex/pegasus.html ]. At Mach 7, seven times the speed of sound [ http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/sound.html ], the X-43A separated and the novel scramjet [ http://www.aviation-history.com/engines/ramjet.htm ] kicked in. Atmospheric oxygen [ http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/8.html ] was then scooped up, combined with onboard hydrogen [ http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/1.html ], and combusted in flight to propel the X-43A [ http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Newsroom/ResearchUpdate/X43A/index.html ] to record air speeds during maneuvers [ http://www.nasa.gov/missions/research/x43_suc.html ] over the next 10 seconds. Engines of ramjet [ http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/ramjet.html ] design have been suggested as a satellite launch method without heavy fuel tanks and even romanticized for interstellar space travel [ http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A600436 ]. The previously acknowledged air-speed record [ http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/performance/q0023.shtml ] for jet-powered flight was Mach 3.3 for the decommissioned SR-71 [ http://www.sr-71.org/ ]. Re-entering space rockets can start as high as Mach 36 before the atmosphere decelerates them. The X-43A [ http://www.nasa.gov/missions/research/x43-main.html ], depicted in the artist's illustration above [ http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/X-43A/Small/index.html ], might well propel itself past Mach 10 in future tests.

El Niño Water Rhythm

Title	El Niño Water Rhythm
Explanation	This year's El Niño is the strongest [ http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/el_nino/ ] ever recorded. The large amount of warm water in the Pacific Ocean [ http://oceanographer.navy.mil/pacific.html ] near the equator is causing unusual weather [ http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/elnino.html ] all over planet Earth [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980101.html ]. The above false-color images [ http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/tutorial3.html#22 ] of Earth [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971026.html ] show the relative levels of warm water between normal (upper left) and the comparatively mild El Niño of 1995 - 1996 [ http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/ninowatch/ninowatch.html ]. Red indicates a high water level [ http://ibis.grdl.noaa.gov/SAT/elnino_97.html ]. Detailed measurements of this years El Niño [ http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/enso97/el_nino_1997.html ] indicate the warm water level is rising and falling in rhythmic [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/p49450.html ] fashion, possibly in response to changing wind patterns.

La Nina Watch

Title	La Nina Watch
Explanation	Goodbye El Niño [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971112.html ]. Hello La Niña [ http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/toga-tao/la-nina-story.html ]? Scientists are watching to see if an evolving pool of relatively cool water in the mid-Pacific Ocean will develop into a full "La Niña". Over the past several months, the water temperature in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean [ http://oceanographer.navy.mil/pacific.html ] has been doing a flip-flop. From being slightly warmer than normal in the winter, a condition called El Niño [ http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/toga-tao/el-nino-story.html ], much of this water is now slightly colder than normal, a condition that might develop into a La Niña [ ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/pressrel/1998/98-126.txt ] - with global weather [ http://www.umassd.edu/Public/People/Kamaral/thesis/LaNina.html ] consequences. Pictured above [ http://www.eorc.nasda.go.jp/TRMM/img/pcfc_tmi/sst_anom/sst_anom_e.htm ] is a false-color satellite image showing relative temperature in Equatorial Pacific taken earlier this month. The blue color indicates relatively cool water. Since little has changed since last month, it is possible that the situation has stabilized [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/980716.html ]. The last two La Nina years [ http://nic.fb4.noaa.gov:80/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.html ] were 1988 and 1995.

La Niña Earth

Title	La Niña Earth
Explanation	La Niña [ http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/toga-tao/la-nina-story.html ] is a temporary climate change caused by unusually cold water in the central Pacific Ocean [ http://oceanographer.navy.mil/pacific.html ]. Cold water topping an unusually low sea level is shown as purple in the above false-color picture [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/990127.html ] taken by the orbiting TOPEX/Poseidon [ http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/discover/tp_at_a_glance.html ] satellite in mid-January. Such cold water tends to deflect winds around it, changing the course of weather systems [ http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/enso97/el_nino_1997.html ] locally and the nature of weather patterns globally. This year's La Niña [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990215.html http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/elnino.html ] appears to have weakened over the past few months, indicating a slow return to more normal seasonal weather. The full effects of the preceding El Niño [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971112.html ] and the present La Niña [ http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/lanina.html ] are still under study.

Microwave Limb Sounder/El Ni …

Title	Microwave Limb Sounder/El Nino Watch - Water Vapor Measurement, October, 1997
Description	This image shows atmospheric water vapor in Earth's upper troposphere, about 10 kilometers (6 miles) above the surface, as measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument flying aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. These data collected in early October 1997 indicate the presence of El Nino by showing a shift of humidity from west to east (blue and red areas) along the equatorial Pacific Ocean. El Nino is the term used when the warmest equatorial Pacific Ocean water is displaced toward the east. The areas of high atmospheric moisture correspond to areas of very warm ocean water. Warmer water evaporates at a higher rate and the resulting warm moist air then rises, forming tall cloud towers. In the tropics, the warm water and the resulting tall cloud towers typically produce large amounts of rain. The MLS instrument, developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, measures humidity at the top of these clouds, which are very moist. This rain is now occurring in the eastern Pacific Ocean and has left Indonesia (deep blue region) unusually dry, resulting in the current drought in that region. This image also shows moisture moving north into Mexico, an effect of several hurricanes spawned by the warm waters of El Nino.
Date	10.27.1997

Still Waiting for El Nino: Image of the Day

Still Waiting for El Nino: I …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

The Pacific Ocean doesn't sh …

topex_20020614

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2002-06-14
creator	NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/JPL sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/ Topex and Jason Team
identifier	topex_20020614

Typhoon Krosa: Natural Hazar …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

This colorful image reveals …

krosa_qsc_2007275

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-10-02
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	krosa_qsc_2007275

La Nina Strengthens in Autumn 2007: Image of the Day

La Nina Strengthens in Autum …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

Continuing a pattern that ha …

lanina_jas_2007289

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-10-16
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	lanina_jas_2007289

Fires in Southern California: Natural Hazards

Fires in Southern California …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

The fires that sprang up in …

quick_calif_2007oct22

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-10-22
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	quick_calif_2007oct22

Jason Satellite Observes Mild El Nino in 2006: Image of the Day

Jason Satellite Observes Mil …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

In September 2006, NASA sate …

ElNino_JAS_20060915

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2006-09-15
creator	NASA -- NASA image by Akiko Hayashi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
identifier	ElNino_JAS_20060915

Jason Satellite Observes Mil …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

In September 2006, NASA sate …

ElNino_JAS_20060915

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2006-09-15
creator	NASA -- NASA image by Akiko Hayashi, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
identifier	ElNino_JAS_20060915

MISR Views Hurricane Carlotta in 3D : Image of the Day

MISR Views Hurricane Carlott …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

With winds reaching 155 mph, …

misr_carlotta

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2000-06-21
creator	NASA -- Image Credit: NASA/GSFC/JPL, MISR Science Team
identifier	misr_carlotta

Pacific Climate Calm: Image …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

In early 2006, a weak eartho …

ssh_jas_2006144

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2006-05-21
creator	NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/JPL Ocean Surface Topography from Space team
identifier	ssh_jas_2006144

Strong, Long-Lasting La Nina Just Fading Away : Image of the Day

Strong, Long-Lasting La Nina …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

After dominating the tropica …

topex_june_la_nina

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2000-06-09
creator	NASA -- Image courtesy NASA Jet Propulsion Lab
identifier	topex_june_la_nina

La Nina and Pacific Decadal Oscillation Cool the Pacific : Image of the Day

La Nina and Pacific Decadal …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

A cool-water anomaly known a …

sst_anomaly_AMSRE_2008105

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2008
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	sst_anomaly_AMSRE_2008105

Hurricane Celia: Natural Haz …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

The image above shows Tropic …

Celia_AIRS2004203

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2004-07-21
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	Celia_AIRS2004203

Airborne Sea of Dust over China: Image of the Day

Airborne Sea of Dust over Ch …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

Dust covered northern China …

duststorm_MI032902

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2002-03-24
creator	NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/ MISR Team
identifier	duststorm_MI032902

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