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Messier Marathon
| Title |
Messier Marathon |
| Explanation |
Gripped by an astronomical spring fever [ http://www.zzotto.com/rfc/CFTrip.htm ], it's once again time for many amateur stargazers to embark on a Messier Marathon [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/marathon/marathon.html ]! The Vernal Equinox [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960922.html ] occurs March 20, marking the first day of Spring for the Northern Hemisphere. It also marks a favorable celestial situation [ http://www.reflector.org/MESSIER.HTM ] for potentially viewing all the objects in 18th century French astronomer Charles Messier's catalog [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/biograph.html ] in one glorious dusk to dawn [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/marathon/hall.html ] observing run. This year [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/marathon/mm2000.html ] a bright full moon will interfere with dark skies near the actual equinox, so good nights near new moon for weekend marathoners are March 11/12 and April 1/2. (As an added bonus all the planets [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000310.html ] in the solar system can be viewed on these dates.) Astronomer Paul Gitto has created this masterful Messier Marathon [ http://www.cometman.com/messier.html ] grid with 11 rows and 10 columns of Messier catalog objects [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/m-cat.html ]. In numerical order, the grid begins with M1, the Crab Nebula, [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960626.html ] at upper left and [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m102.html ] ends with M110 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m110.html ], a small elliptical galaxy in Andromeda (lower right). Gitto's images were made with a digital camera and a 10-inch diameter reflecting telescope. |
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Messier 110
| Title |
Messier 110 |
| Explanation |
This very sharp [ http://panther-observatory.com/gallery/deepsky/doc/ M110_cassf10.htm ] telescopic vista features the last object in the modern version of Charles Messier's catalog [ http://www.ngcic.org/dss/dss_messier.asp ] of bright clusters and nebulae - Messier 110 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m110.html ]. A dwarf elliptical galaxy, M110 (aka NGC 205 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001023.html ]) is actually a bright satellite of the large spiral galaxy Andromeda [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m031.html ], making M110 a fellow member of the local group [ http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/localgr.html ] of galaxies. Seen through a foreground of nearby stars, M110 is about 15,000 light-years across. That makes it comparable in size to satellite galaxies of our own Milky Way, the Large [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060510.html ] and Small [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050617.html ] Magellanic Clouds. Though elliptical [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060520.html ] galaxies are normally thought to be lacking in gas and dust to form new stars, M110 is known [ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query? bibcode=1998ApJ...499..209W ] to contain young stars, and faint dust clouds can easily be seen in this detailed image at about the 7 and 11 o'clock positions relative to the galaxy center. |
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Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy NGC
…
| Title |
Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy NGC 205 in the Local Group |
| Explanation |
Our Milky Way Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/milky_way.html ] is not alone. It is part of a gathering of about 25 galaxies known as the Local Group [ http://www.seds.org/messier/more/local.html ]. Members include the Great Andromeda Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991114.html ] (M31), M32 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991103.html ], M33 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980721.html ], the Large Magellanic Cloud [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000222.html ], the Small Magellanic Cloud [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000430.html ], Dwingeloo 1 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000109.html ], several small irregular galaxies [ http://www.seds.org/messier/irre.html ], and many dwarf elliptical [ http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Ferguson/frames.html ] and dwarf spheroidal galaxies [ http://www.astro.uu.se/~ns/review.html ]. Pictured [ http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/Science/Astros/Imageofweek/ciw061299.html ] on the lower left is one of the many dwarf ellipticals [ http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/pdurrell/dE.html ]: NGC 205 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m110.html ]. Like M32 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m032.html ], NGC 205 [ http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Hodge/Hodge5_5.html ] is a companion to the large M31, and can sometimes be seen to the south of M31 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m031.html ]'s center in photographs. The above image [ http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/Science/Astros/Imageofweek/ciw061299.html ] shows NGC 205 to be unusual [ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1998ApJ...499..209W ] for an elliptical galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/elliptical_galaxies.html ] in that it contains at least two dust clouds [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990919.html ] (at 1 and 4 o'clock - they are visible but hard to spot) and signs of recent star formation [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/stellar_nurseries.html ]. This galaxy is sometimes known as M110, although it was actually not part of Messier [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960626.html ]'s original catalog [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/messier.html ]. |
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Moon Over Andromeda
| Title |
Moon Over Andromeda |
| Explanation |
The Great Spiral Galaxy in Andromeda [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap051222.html ] (aka M31), a mere 2.5 million light-years distant [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0511045 ], is the closest large spiral to our own Milky Way. Andromeda is visible to the unaided eye as a small, faint, fuzzy patch, but because its surface brightness is so low, casual skygazers [ http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~huffman/m31.html ] can't appreciate the galaxy's impressive extent in planet Earth's sky. This entertaining composite image compares the angular size [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/scale.html ] of the nearby galaxy to a brighter, more familiar celestial sight. In it, a deep exposure of Andromeda [ http://www.caelumobservatory.com/gallery/m31abtp.shtml ], tracing beautiful blue star clusters in spiral arms far beyond the bright yellow core, is combined with a typical view of a nearly full Moon. Shown at the same angular scale, the Moon covers about 1/2 degree on the sky, while the galaxy is clearly [ http://www.regulusastro.com/regulus/papers/ m31/ ] several times that size. The deep Andromeda exposure also includes two bright satellite galaxies, M32 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991103.html ] and M110 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060908.html ] (bottom). |
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A Galaxy is not a Comet
| Title |
A Galaxy is not a Comet |
| Explanation |
This gorgeous galaxy and comet portrait [ http://science.nasa.gov/spaceweather/comets/ gallery_iz.html ] was recorded on April 5th in the skies over the Oriental Pyrenees near Figueres, Spain [ http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ sp.html ]. From a site above 1,100 meters, astrophotographer [ http://www.skylook.net/nav/indexe.htm ] Juan Carlos Casado used a guided time exposure, fast film, and a telephoto lens to capture the predicted conjunction of the bright Comet Ikeya-Zhang [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020404.html ] (right) and the Andromeda Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000908.html ] (left). This stunning celestial scene would also have been a rewarding one for the influential 18th century comet hunter Charles Messier [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/ biograph.html ]. While Messier scanned French skies for comets, he carefully cataloged positions of things which were fuzzy and comet-like in appearance but did not move against the background stars and so were definitely not comets. The Andromeda Galaxy [ http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/ANDROMEDA_Atlas/ frames.html ], also known as M31, is the 31st object in his famous not-a-comet catalog [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/messier/xtra/history/ m-cat.html ]. Not-a-comet object number 110 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/ m110.html ], a late addition to Messier's catalog, is one of Andromeda's small satellite galaxies, and can be seen here just below M31. Our modern [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/ debate20.html ] understanding [ http://www.astr.ua.edu/goodies/data_resources/ galaxies.text ] holds that the Andromeda galaxy is a large spiral galaxy some 2 million light-years distant [ http://www.anzwers.org/free/universe/localgr.html ]. The photogenic Comet Ikeya-Zhang [ http://www.stardate.org/nightsky/comet_IZ.html ], now a lovely sight in early morning skies [ http://www.spaceweather.com/images2002/08apr02/ skymap_north.gif ], is about 80 million kilometers (4 light-minutes) from planet Earth. |
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Local Group Galaxy NGC 205
| Title |
Local Group Galaxy NGC 205 |
| Explanation |
The Milky Way Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950908.html ] is not alone. It is part of a gathering of about 25 galaxies known as the Local Group [ http://www.csc.fi/jpr/galaxy/lbang.html ]. Members include the Great Andromeda Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950724.html ] (M31), M32 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960106.html ], M33 [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/messier/m/m033.html ], the Large Magellanic Clouds [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950918.html ], the Small Magellanic Clouds [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950919.html ], Dwingeloo 1 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951017.html ], several small irregular galaxies [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950728.html ], and many dwarf elliptical galaxies [ http://www.physics.mcmaster.ca/Grads/PRD2.html ]. Pictured is one of the many dwarf ellipticals: NGC 205. Like M32, NGC 205 is a companion to the large M31, and can sometimes be seen to the south of M31 [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/messier/m/m031.html ]'s center in photographs. The above image [ http://crux.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/m110r.html ] shows this galaxy to be unusual for an elliptical galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950913.html ] in that it contains at least two dust clouds [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951107.html ] (at 7 and 11 o'clock - they are visible but hard to spot) and signs of recent star formation. This galaxy is sometimes known as M110, although it was actually not part of Messier [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#messier ]'s original catalog. |
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A Galaxy is not a Comet
| Title |
A Galaxy is not a Comet |
| Explanation |
This gorgeous galaxy and comet portrait [ http://science.nasa.gov/spaceweather/comets/ gallery_iz.html ] was recorded on April 5th, 2002, in the skies over the Oriental Pyrenees near Figueres, Spain [ http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ sp.html ]. From a site above 1,100 meters, astrophotographer [ http://www.skylook.net/nav/indexe.htm ] Juan Carlos Casado used a guided time exposure, fast film, and a telephoto lens to capture the predicted conjunction of the bright Comet Ikeya-Zhang [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020404.html ] (right) and the Andromeda Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap021021.html ] (left). This stunning celestial scene would also have been a rewarding one for the influential 18th century comet hunter Charles Messier [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/ biograph.html ]. While Messier scanned French skies for comets, he carefully cataloged positions of things which were fuzzy and comet-like in appearance but did not move against the background stars and so were definitely not comets. The Andromeda Galaxy [ http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/ANDROMEDA_Atlas/ frames.html ], also known as M31, is the 31st object in his famous not-a-comet catalog [ http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/messier/xtra/history/ m-cat.html ]. Not-a-comet object number 110 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/ m110.html ], a late addition to Messier's catalog, is one of Andromeda's small satellite galaxies, and can be seen here just below M31. Our modern [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/ debate20.html ] understanding [ http://www.astr.ua.edu/goodies/data_resources/ galaxies.text ] holds that the Andromeda galaxy is a large spiral galaxy some 2 million light-years distant [ http://www.anzwers.org/free/universe/localgr.html ]. The photogenic Comet Ikeya-Zhang [ http://www.stardate.org/nightsky/comet_IZ.html ], then a lovely sight in early morning skies was about 80 million kilometers (4 light-minutes) from planet Earth. |
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Messier Marathon
| Title |
Messier Marathon |
| Explanation |
Gripped by an astronomical spring fever [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/marathon/marathon.html ], this week many amateur stargazers embark on a Messier Marathon [ http://www.reflector.org/MESSIER.HTM ]. The Vernal Equinox [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960922.html ] occurs Saturday, March 20, marking the first day of Spring for the Northern Hemisphere. It also marks a favorable celestial situation for potentially viewing all the objects in 18th century French astronomer Charles Messier's catalog [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/biograph.html ] in one glorious dusk to dawn [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/marathon/results.html ] observing run. This year, interference from bright moonlight will be minimal as the the moon is near its dark or new phase. Astronomer Paul Gitto has created this masterful Messier Marathon [ http://www.cometman.com/messier.html ] grid with 11 rows and 10 columns of Messier catalog objects [ http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/m-cat.html ]. In numerical order, the grid begins with M1, the Crab Nebula, [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960626.html ] at upper left and ends with M110 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m110.html ], a small elliptical galaxy in Andromeda (lower right). Gitto's images were made with a digital camera and a 10-inch diameter reflecting telescope. |
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Andromeda Galaxy
PIA04921
GALEX Telescope
| Title |
Andromeda Galaxy |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This image is a Galaxy Evolution Explorer observation of the large galaxy in Andromeda, Messier 31. The Andromeda galaxy is the most massive in the local group of galaxies that includes our Milky Way. Andromeda is the nearest large galaxy to our own. The image is a mosaic of 10 separate Galaxy Evolution Explorer images taken in September, 2003. The color image (with near ultraviolet shown by red and far ultraviolet shown by blue) shows blue regions of young, hot, high mass stars tracing out the spiral arms where star formation is occurring, and the central orange-white "bulge" of old, cooler stars formed long ago. The star forming arms of Messier 31 are unusual in being quite circular rather than the usual spiral shape. Several companion galaxies can also be seen. These include Messier 32, a dwarf elliptical galaxy directly below the central bulge and just outside the spiral arms, and Messier 110 (M110), which is above and to the right of the center. M110 has an unusual far ultraviolet bright core in an otherwise "red", old star halo. Many other regions of star formation can be seen far outside the main body of the galaxy. |
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Andromeda Galaxy
PIA04921
GALEX Telescope
| Title |
Andromeda Galaxy |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This image is a Galaxy Evolution Explorer observation of the large galaxy in Andromeda, Messier 31. The Andromeda galaxy is the most massive in the local group of galaxies that includes our Milky Way. Andromeda is the nearest large galaxy to our own. The image is a mosaic of 10 separate Galaxy Evolution Explorer images taken in September, 2003. The color image (with near ultraviolet shown by red and far ultraviolet shown by blue) shows blue regions of young, hot, high mass stars tracing out the spiral arms where star formation is occurring, and the central orange-white "bulge" of old, cooler stars formed long ago. The star forming arms of Messier 31 are unusual in being quite circular rather than the usual spiral shape. Several companion galaxies can also be seen. These include Messier 32, a dwarf elliptical galaxy directly below the central bulge and just outside the spiral arms, and Messier 110 (M110), which is above and to the right of the center. M110 has an unusual far ultraviolet bright core in an otherwise "red", old star halo. Many other regions of star formation can be seen far outside the main body of the galaxy. |
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Andromeda Galaxy
PIA04921
GALEX Telescope
| Title |
Andromeda Galaxy |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This image is a Galaxy Evolution Explorer observation of the large galaxy in Andromeda, Messier 31. The Andromeda galaxy is the most massive in the local group of galaxies that includes our Milky Way. Andromeda is the nearest large galaxy to our own. The image is a mosaic of 10 separate Galaxy Evolution Explorer images taken in September, 2003. The color image (with near ultraviolet shown by red and far ultraviolet shown by blue) shows blue regions of young, hot, high mass stars tracing out the spiral arms where star formation is occurring, and the central orange-white "bulge" of old, cooler stars formed long ago. The star forming arms of Messier 31 are unusual in being quite circular rather than the usual spiral shape. Several companion galaxies can also be seen. These include Messier 32, a dwarf elliptical galaxy directly below the central bulge and just outside the spiral arms, and Messier 110 (M110), which is above and to the right of the center. M110 has an unusual far ultraviolet bright core in an otherwise "red", old star halo. Many other regions of star formation can be seen far outside the main body of the galaxy. |
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Astronaut Joseph Kerwin take
…
| Title |
Astronaut Joseph Kerwin takes blood sample from Astronaut Charles Conrad |
| Description |
Scientist-Astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin (right), Skylab 2 science pilot and a doctor of medicine, takes a blood sample from Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., Sylab 2 commander, as seen in this reproduction taken from a color television transmission made by a TV camera aboard the Skylab 1 and 2 space station cluster in Earth orbit. The blood sampling was part of the Skylab Hematology and Immunology Experiment M110 series. |
| Date Taken |
1973-06-06 |
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