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Floods in Sudan
Title Floods in Sudan
Description Nestled between the While Nile and the Blue Nile Rivers, Khartoum was just one place hit by floods when heavy rain fell over central, eastern, and southeastern Sudan starting on July 8, 2007. The capital city appeared to be surrounded by water on July 9, when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured the top image. The lower image, taken just two days earlier, shows no sign of flooding. In these images, water is dark blue, the color of the White Nile. Flood-soaked land or mud-tainted water is a lighter shade of blue. Bright green vegetation lines the rivers, an oasis in an otherwise plant-free or sparsely vegetated tan-pink landscape. Cities are typically gray, but the contrast between the desert and city surface isn't great enough for Khartoum to be readily visible in the images. According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/LRON-74YHN4?OpenDocument&rc=1&emid=FL-2007-000093-SDN ]), about 20 people had died in floods across Sudan between July 8 and July 10, and 15,000 houses were destroyed. One of the most seriously impacted regions was Umdowoban, located on the eastern outskirts of Khartoum, where extensive flooding is evident in the top image. The Government of Sudan [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/LSGZ-74ZGFG?OpenDocument&rc=1&emid=FL-2007-000093-SDN ] warned that additional heavy rain and floods were likely through at least July 13. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC, which provides daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?NAfrica_2_07 ] of Sudan.
Floods in Sudan
Title Floods in Sudan
Description Nestled between the While Nile and the Blue Nile Rivers, Khartoum was just one place hit by floods when heavy rain fell over central, eastern, and southeastern Sudan starting on July 8, 2007. The capital city appeared to be surrounded by water on July 9, when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured the top image. The lower image, taken just two days earlier, shows no sign of flooding. In these images, water is dark blue, the color of the White Nile. Flood-soaked land or mud-tainted water is a lighter shade of blue. Bright green vegetation lines the rivers, an oasis in an otherwise plant-free or sparsely vegetated tan-pink landscape. Cities are typically gray, but the contrast between the desert and city surface isn't great enough for Khartoum to be readily visible in the images. According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/LRON-74YHN4?OpenDocument&rc=1&emid=FL-2007-000093-SDN ]), about 20 people had died in floods across Sudan between July 8 and July 10, and 15,000 houses were destroyed. One of the most seriously impacted regions was Umdowoban, located on the eastern outskirts of Khartoum, where extensive flooding is evident in the top image. The Government of Sudan [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/LSGZ-74ZGFG?OpenDocument&rc=1&emid=FL-2007-000093-SDN ] warned that additional heavy rain and floods were likely through at least July 13. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC, which provides daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?NAfrica_2_07 ] of Sudan.
Floods in Sudan
Title Floods in Sudan
Description Unusually heavy wet-season rains triggered destructive floods throughout Sudan in July and August 2007. As of August 22, the floods had killed 89, affected at least 365,000 people, and destroyed more than 70,000 homes, reported Reuters. [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/LSGZ-76BDM8?OpenDocument&rc=1&emid=FL-2007-000093-SDN ] The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) flying on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite observed high water levels on the White Nile River south of Khartoum on August 22. In the two months that passed between June 24, when the right image was taken, and August 22, when the left image was taken, the river had swollen considerably. In these false-color images, water is dark blue. Lighter blue puddles surrounding the White Nile in the left image are probably patches of muddy soil or shallow pools of sediment-saturated water. In addition to causing floods, the rain has nourished plants. The landscape has gone from arid tan-pink to brilliant green. Daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?NAfrica_2_07/2007234 ] tracking the change through July and August are available from the MODIS Rapid Response System. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Floods in Sudan
Title Floods in Sudan
Description Unusually heavy wet-season rains triggered destructive floods throughout Sudan in July and August 2007. As of August 22, the floods had killed 89, affected at least 365,000 people, and destroyed more than 70,000 homes, reported Reuters. [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/LSGZ-76BDM8?OpenDocument&rc=1&emid=FL-2007-000093-SDN ] The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) flying on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite observed high water levels on the White Nile River south of Khartoum on August 22. In the two months that passed between June 24, when the right image was taken, and August 22, when the left image was taken, the river had swollen considerably. In these false-color images, water is dark blue. Lighter blue puddles surrounding the White Nile in the left image are probably patches of muddy soil or shallow pools of sediment-saturated water. In addition to causing floods, the rain has nourished plants. The landscape has gone from arid tan-pink to brilliant green. Daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?NAfrica_2_07/2007234 ] tracking the change through July and August are available from the MODIS Rapid Response System. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Floods in Sudan
Title Floods in Sudan
Description Though flooding occurs every year in the African country of Sudan, 2007 brought unusually extreme floods that affected at least 400,000 people as of August 29, reported the United Nations. [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/YSAR-76JMJK?OpenDocument&rc=1&emid=FL-2007-000093-SDN ] Apart from destroying buildings, crops, and land, the swollen rivers and pools of standing water increase the risk of water-borne disease such as cholera, acute watery diarrhea, and malaria, said the United Nations. This photo-like image, captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite on August 29, 2007, shows flooding around the capital city of Khartoum, the tan-gray area nestled between the converging Blue and White Nile Rivers. To the south, sunlight reflecting off the surface of the water has turned the Blue Nile River silvery white, making it stand out from the surrounding land. Brilliant flecks of silver in the landscape between the two rivers are created by light reflecting off standing water or some other bright surface. The sunlight also highlights the intricate network of canals that run like arteries through squares of green agriculture. In the west, the White Nile River paints a wide, white-brown ribbon down the landscape. The river is several times wider than it is during the dry season, as a comparison with a cloud-free image [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?NAfrica_2_07/2007172/NAfrica_2_07.2007172.terra ] from June 2007 reveals. (The area shown here is in the lower-left corner of the image.) As long as human civilization has clung to the fertile banks of the Nile River, the yearly flood cycle has regulated life. Today, the river is tamed by dams in southern Egypt so that only its upper reaches and its tributaries, the White and Blue Nile Rivers, still rise and fall with the annual rainy season in the Ethiopian highlands. Most of the flood water on the Nile typically comes from the Blue Nile River, the tributary that flows out of Ethiopia, but in this image, it is the White Nile River that appears most flooded. The floods on the White Nile most often arise when high water on the Blue Nile blocks the flow of water from the White Nile into the Nile River. Unable to continue flowing freely downstream, the White Nile pools behind the convergence point, as shown here. Another sign of flooding in the image is the addition of green to the land. Even beyond the irrigated land between the two rivers, the arid orange landscape is brushed with green where seasonal rivers have nourished new plants. NASA image courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Khartoum, Sudan
Title Khartoum, Sudan
Description Sudan's capital city, Khartoum, translates as "Elephant's Trunk." The name describes the shape of the Nile where the Blue and the White Nile Rivers unite to form the single Nile River that flows northward into Egypt. This image shows the rivers near the end of the dry season. The White Nile (western branch) runs through Sudan from Uganda. The White Nile originates in equatorial regions, where rainfall occurs throughout the year, as a result, it runs at a nearly constant rate throughout the year. The Blue Nile, nearly dry this time of year, flows out of the Ethiopian highlands, where rainfall is more seasonal. The Blue Nile swells in the late summer and early fall with rains from the summer monsoons. The flow at these times can be so great that the volume is too much for the river's channel, causing the Nile to flow backward at the junction. In recent years, floods in Khartoum have occurred in August with heavy monsoon rainfall. (See more images from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=5148 ] and Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=5113 ] instruments) Khartoum is one of the largest Muslim cities in North Africa, but it has a fairly short history. Founded as a military outpost in 1821, a Sudanese flag has only flown over the city since 1956. Today, Khartoum is home to more than a million people, including many refugees, both from neighboring countries as well as from an ongoing civil war in southern Sudan. The city has a low profile, dominated by sprawling areas of small buildings that are supported by little infrastructure. Astronaut photograph ISS010-E-23451 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS010&roll=E&frame=23451 ] was acquired April 7, 2005, with a Kodak 760C digital camera with a 400 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science & Analysis Group, Johnson Space Center. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]
Floods in Sudan: Natural Haz …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Though flooding occurs every …
Khartoum_TMO_2007241
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2007-08-28
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Khartoum_TMO_2007241
El Gezira, Sudan: Image of t …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
South of Khartoum, Sudan, wh …
ge_08747
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2006-12-25
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ge_08747
El Gezira, Sudan: Image of t …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
South of Khartoum, Sudan, wh …
ge_08747
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2006-12-25
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ge_08747
Khartoum, Sudan: Image of th …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Sudan's capital city, Kharto …
ISS010E23451
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-04-07
creator NASA -- Astronaut photograph eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS010&roll=E&frame=23451 ISS010-E-23451 was acquired April 7, 2005, with a Kodak 760C digital camera with a 400 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science & Analysis Group, Johnson Space Center. The spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html International Space Station Program supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth.
identifier ISS010E23451
Floods in Sudan: Natural Haz …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
WhiteNile_TMO_2007234
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2007-08-22
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier WhiteNile_TMO_2007234
Floods in Sudan: Natural Haz …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
Sudan_TMO_2007190
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2007-07-09
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Sudan_TMO_2007190
Nile River Fluctuations Near …
PIA03420
Sol (our sun)
Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroR …
Title Nile River Fluctuations Near Khartoum, Sudan
Original Caption Released with Image Throughout history, the rising and falling waters of the mighty Nile River have directly impacted the lives of the people who live along its banks. These images of the area around Sudan's capital city of Khartoum capture the river's dynamic nature. Acquired by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer's nadir (vertical-viewing) camera, they display the extent of the Nile waters before and after the onset of the rainy seasons of 2000 (top pair) and 2001 (bottom pair). The images are displayed in "false color", using the camera's near-infrared, green, and blue bands. With this particular spectral combination, water appears in shades of blue and turquoise, and highly vegetated areas show up as bright red. Originating in Uganda and Ethiopia, respectively, the waters of the White Nile (western branch) and Blue Nile (eastern branch) converge at Khartoum (about half-way between image center and the left-hand side), and continue to flow northward as the Great Nile. Although the most obvious feature in these images is the increased width of the White Nile between spring and summer, careful inspection shows that the Great Nile is at its widest in August 2001 (note in particular the area between the clouds near the top of this panel). Heavy rains in the Blue Nile catchment area of the Ethiopian highlands led to a rapid overflow of the river's floodwaters into the main stream of the Great Nile, leading to extensive flooding, the worst effects of which occurred north of Khartoum. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, tens of thousands of people have fled their homes, and the number of people in need of urgent food assistance in Sudan, estimated at three million earlier in the year, was likely to increase with the onset of these floods. South of the confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile, the area of a cross-hatched appearance is the irrigated plain of El Gezira. The Gezira irrigation scheme uses water from the Makwar Dam (now called the Sennar Dam), located across the Blue Nile south of Khartoum. Among the main agricultural products of this region are cotton, millet, peanuts and fodder crops. Overall prospects for Sudan's 2001 grain crop were already poor prior to the flooding due to a late start of the rainy season in parts of the country. Following two consecutive years of serious drought, precipitation arrived too late to save the grain harvest that normally begins in late August. Lower harvests for the past two years coupled with depletion of stocks have led to a rise in cereal prices, reducing access to food for the Sudan's poorer citizens, already suffering from the effects of Africa's longest running civil war. Each of these images represents an area of about 130 kilometers x 150 kilometers. The data were obtained during Terra orbits 1922, 3553, 7281, and 8912. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra, satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology. For more information: http://www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov ]
General Description International Space Station Imagery
General Description STS-87 Shuttle Mission Imagery
Sudan as seen from the Apoll …
Title Sudan as seen from the Apollo 7 spacecraft
Description Sudan, showing White Nile and Blue Nile rivers below Khartoum, as seen from the Apollo 7 spacecraft during its 44th revolution of the earth. Photographed from an altitude of 130 nautical miles, at ground elapsed time of 69 hours and 10 minutes. Note quilted-patchwork effect created by irrigated cultivated land.
Date Taken 1968-10-14
Areas of Sudan and Egypt as …
Title Areas of Sudan and Egypt as seen from Gemini 11 spacecraft
Description Libyan Desert area of Sudan, foreground, and the United Arab Republic (Egypt), at lower left, as seen from the Gemini 11 spacecraft at an altitude of 300 nautical miles during its 27th revolution of the earth. In view is the Nile River from Biba in Egypt to Khartoum in the Sudan. The Red Sea is in background. At upper left is the Arabian Peninsula. At top right is Ethiopia. Note L-band antenna of the Agena Target Vehicle.
Date Taken 1966-09-14
Nile River, Khartoum, Sudan, …
Title Nile River, Khartoum, Sudan, Africa
Description This view shows the confluence of the White Nile and the Blue Nile rivers to form the Nile River at Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan (15.5N, 32.5E). The White Nile comes from the south and drains the Sudd swamp and African Rift Valley while the Blue Nile comes from the southeast draining the Ethiopian highlands. The herringbone field patterns to the south of the city are agricultural fields where cotton is the main crop.
Date Taken 1983-04-09
Confluence of the White and …
Title Confluence of the White and Blue Nile Rivers at Khartoum, Sudan
Description The Blue Nile River flowing from Lake Tana to the east and the larger White Nile River flowing from the Rift Valley region combine to form the Nile River at Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan (15.5N, 33.0E). The rivers normally flow out of phase as a result of the differing maximum precipitation periods of their watersheds. The differing flow periods allows longer use of the river for agriculture irrigation in the fields south of the city.
Date Taken 1990-01-15
Agricultural fields, Khartou …
Title Agricultural fields, Khartoum, Sudan, Africa
Description This herringbone pattern of irrigated agricultural fields near Khartoum, Sudan (14.5N, 33.5E) is very distinctive in both size and shape. The region contains thousands of these rectangular fields bounded by canals which carry water from both the White and Blue Nile Rivers. A crop rotation system is used so that some fields are in cotton, millit, sorghum or fallow to conserve moisture and control weeds and insects. See also STS049-96-003.
Date Taken 1992-05-16
Agricultural fields, Khartou …
Title Agricultural fields, Khartoum, Sudan, Africa Description: This herringbone pattern of irrigated agricultural fields near Khartoum, Sudan (14.5N, 33.5E) was imaged with infrared film as part an experiment to compare the merits of color film versus color in
Description This herringbone pattern of irrigated agricultural fields near Khartoum, Sudan (14.5N, 33.5E) was imaged with infrared film as part an experiment to compare the merits of color film versus color infrared film. Color film presents the image as it appears to the eye whereas color infrared film has an excellent haze penetration and vegetation definition capability. See color film image STS049-77-072 for a detailed scene description.
Date Taken 1992-05-16
Sudan's Blue and While Nile, …
Title Sudan's Blue and While Nile, Africa
Description This vertical view shows the smaller Blue Nile merging with the While Nile. Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan, lies at the confluence (on both sides of the Nile). Water from the two rivers allow vast areas in between to be irrigated. The checker-board pattern along the top of the frame is just a small part of the El Gezira cotton-growing project, one of the largest in the world.
Date Taken 1995-02-11
Sudan, Africa as seen from S …
Title Sudan, Africa as seen from STS-66 shuttle Atlantis
Description Agricultural patterns are distinctly visible in this near-vertical false color infrared photography taken in November 1994. The area depicted on the photograph is south of Khartoum between the White and Blue Nile Rivers. By far the most important irrigation project in sub-Saharan Africa, both large and small scale agricultural enterprises have been developed using water transported from the perennial Nile Rivers. Hundreds of small rectangular fields and water-filled canals can be seen in this photograph.
Date Taken 1994-11-14
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