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President Bush During STS-10 …
Title President Bush During STS-107 Memorial
Full Description President George W. Bush, before the crowd on the mall of the Johnson Space Center during the memorial for the Columbia astronauts, stated, "Each of these astronauts had the daring and discipline required of their calling. Each of them knew that great endeavors are inseparable from great risks. And each of them accepted those risks willingly, even joyfully, in the cause of discovery." For more information on STS-107, please see GRIN Columbia General Explanation [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GRINColumbiaGenExpl.html ]
Date 02/04/2003
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Columbia's Main Engine Power …
Title Columbia's Main Engine Powerheads
Full Description One of the Space Shuttle Columbia's Main Engine powerheads found on the grounds of Fort Polk, Louisiana. The 800-pound unit was one of the easternmost-recovered pieces of debris from Columbia. For more information on STS-107, please see GRIN Columbia General Explanation [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GRINColumbiaGenExpl.html ]
Date 04/03/2003
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Ron Dittemore and Michael Ko …
Title Ron Dittemore and Michael Kostelnik
Full Description Ronald D. Dittemore (right), a 26-year NASA veteran, announces his intention to step aside as the Space Shuttle Program Manager at the Johnson Space Center in Houston to pursue other opportunities. Also pictured at the Washington, DC announcement is Michael Kostelnik, Deputy Associate Administrator for the Space Shuttle and International Space Station Programs. Dittemore, who has served as the Shuttle Program Manager for more than four years, will remain in his current position until the Columbia Accident Investigation Board finishes its investigation and a complete "Return to Flight" path has been established. Dittemore retired recently, he had publicly planned to do so before the accident. For more information on STS-107, please see GRIN Columbia General Explanation [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GRINColumbiaGenExpl.html ]
Date 04/23/2003
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Sally Ride, First U.S. Woman …
Title Sally Ride, First U.S. Woman in Space
Full Description Sally Ride was the first American woman in space. Born on May 26, 1951 in Los Angeles, California, she received a Bachelor in Physics and English in 1973 from Stanford University and, later, a Master in Physics in 1975 and a Doctorate in Physics in 1978, also from Stanford. NASA selected Dr. Ride as an astronaut candidate in January 1978. She completed her training in August 1979, and began her astronaut career as a mission specialist on STS-7, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on June 18, 1983. The mission spent 147 hours in space before landing on a lakebed runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California on June 24, 1983. Dr. Ride also served as a mission specialist on STS-41-G, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on October 5, 1984 and landed 197 hours later at Kennedy Space Center, Florida on October 13, 1984. In June 1985, NASA assigned Dr. Ride to serve as mission specialist on STS-61-M. She discontinued mission training in January 1986 to serve as a member of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, also known as the Rogers Commission. Upon completing the investigation she returned to NASA Headquarters as Special Assistant to the Administrator for Long Range and Strategic Planning, where she lead a team that wrote NASA Leadership and America's Future in Space:A Report to the Administrator in August 1987. Dr. Ride has also written a children's book, To Space and Back, describing her experiences in space, has received the Jefferson Award for Public Service, and has twice been awarded the National Spaceflight Medal. Her latest books include Voyager: An Adventure to the Edge of the Solar System and The Third Planet: Exploring the Earth from Space. She was also a member of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB), which investigated the February 1, 2003 loss of Space Shuttle Columbia. Dr. Ride is currently a physics professor and Director of the California Space Institute at the University of California, San Diego.
Date 06/1984
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Sean O'Keefe at JSC
Title Sean O'Keefe at JSC
Full Description NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe addresses the Johnson Space Center employees with encouraging words in the Teague auditorium following the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia crew on February 1, 2003. For more information on STS-107, please see GRIN Columbia General Explanation [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GRINColumbiaGenExpl.html ]
Date 02/07/2003
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
First Class of Female Astron …
Title First Class of Female Astronauts
Full Description From left to right are Shannon W. Lucid, Margaret Rhea Seddon, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Judith A. Resnik, Anna L. Fisher, and Sally K. Ride. NASA selected all six women as their first female astronaut candidates in January 1978, allowing them to enroll in a training program that they completed in August 1979. Shannon W. Lucid was born on January 14, 1943 in Shanghai, China but considers Bethany, Oklahoma to be her hometown. She spent many years at the University of Oklahoma, receiving a Bachelor in chemistry in 1963, a Master in biochemistry in 1970, and a Doctorate in biochemistry in 1973. Dr. Lucid flew on the STS-51G Discovery, STS-34 Atlantis, STS-43 Atlantis, and STS-58 Columbia shuttle missions, setting the record for female astronauts by logging 838 hours and 54 minutes in space. She also currently holds the United States single mission space flight endurance record for her 188 days on the Russian Space Station Mir. From February 2002 to September 2003, she served as chief scientist at NASA Headquarters before returning to JSC to help with the Return to Flight program after the STS-107 accident. Born November 8, 1947, in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, Margaret Rhea Seddon received a Doctorate of Medicine in 1973 from the University of Tennessee. She flew on space missions STS-51 Discovery, STS-40 Columbia, and STS-58 Columbia for a total of over 722 hours in space. Dr. Seddon retired from NASA in November 1997, taking on a position as the Assistant Chief Medical Officer of the Vanderbilt Medical Group in Nashville, Tennessee. Kathryn Sullivan was born October 3, 1951 in Patterson, New Jersey but considers Woodland Hills, California to be her hometown. She received a Bachelor in Earth Sciences from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1973 and a Doctorate in Geology from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1978. She flew on space missions STS-41G, STS-31, and STS-45 and logged a total of 532 hours in space. Dr. Sullivan left NASA in August 1992 to assume the position of Chief Scientist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). She later went on to serve as President and CEO of the Center of Science and Industry in Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Judith Resnik was born April 5, 1949 in Akron, Ohio. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1970, and a Doctorate in Electrical Engineering from University of Maryland in 1977. Dr. Resnik left a job as a senior systems engineer in product development with Xerox Corporation at El Segundo, California to work for NASA in 1978. She died on January 28, 1986 on her second mission, during the launch of Challenger STS-51-L. Anna Fisher was born August 24, 1949 in New York City, New York hometown. She received a Doctorate in Medicine in 1976 and a Master of Science in Chemistry in 1987, both from the University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Fisher flew on STS-51A, the Space Shuttle Discovery's November 8, 1984, mission, and logged 192 hours in space, her second schedule mission was cancelled after the Space Shuttle Challenger STS-51L accident. She remains with NASA, where she has filled many positions over decades of service. Dr. Sally Ride was the first American woman in space. Born on May 26, 1951 in Los Angeles, California, she went on to receive a Bachelor in Physics and English in 1973 from Stanford University and, later, a Master in Physics in 1975 and a Doctorate in Physics in 1978, also from Stanford. She began her astronaut career as a mission specialist on STS-7, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on June 18, 1983, and later went on to fly on STS-41G. She withdrew from training for her third scheduled mission in order to serve on the investigative committee for the Space Shuttle Challenger accident and never returned to training, although she went on to work for headquarters and later to serve on the Columbia Accident Investigation Board before returning to the private sector as a physics professor.
Date 02/28/1979
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
STS-107 Debris at Barksdale …
Title STS-107 Debris at Barksdale AFB Hangar
Full Description View of the debris from the Space Shuttle Columbia in the hangar at Barksdale Air Force Base in Shreveport, Louisiana. The debris was collected and cataloged prior to shipment to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. For more information on STS-107, please see GRIN Columbia General Explanation [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GRINColumbiaGenExpl.html ]
Date 02/08/2003
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
STS-107 Makeshift Memorial a …
Title STS-107 Makeshift Memorial at JSC
Full Description In memory of the Space Shuttle Columbia crewmembers who lost their lives on February 1, 2003, a massive collection of flowers, balloons, flags, signs, and other arrangements were placed at the Johnson Space Center sign at the Center's main entrance. For more information on STS-107, please see GRIN Columbia General Explanation [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GRINColumbiaGenExpl.html ]
Date 02/01/2003
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
STS-107 Memorial Service at …
Title STS-107 Memorial Service at the National Cathedral
Full Description View of the Recessional at a special memorial ceremony honoring the Space Shuttle Columbia crew at the Washington National Cathedral. For more information on STS-107, please see GRIN Columbia General Explanation [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GRINColumbiaGenExpl.html ]
Date 02/06/2003
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
Mars: Closest Encounter
Title Mars: Closest Encounter
A Danish Perspective
Title A Danish Perspective
Description high resolution 1000 pixel-wide image (600 KB JPEG) The Kingdom of Denmark, with an area of 16,639 square miles, consists of the Jutland Peninsula and roughly 500 islands. It is also a part of the generally fertile and mostly agricultural region known as the North European Plain. This entire region is generally flat to slightly rolling and is overlain with deposits of Pleistocene glaciers. (The Pleistocene lasted from 1.8 million to 11,000 years ago, during which time several ice ages occured.) Taking advantage of remarkably fair weather over north central Europe for this time of year, the crew of the International Space Station took this panoramic view that extends from the North Sea coast of the Netherlands on the left to the Baltic Sea shores of Sweden on the right. The late-winter landscape has little snow cover except over northeastern Germany, Sweden, and the rugged mountains of Norway. Such images, composed by astronauts, provide unique, synoptic perspectives of the Earth's geography and natural processes. Astronaut photograph ISS006-E-33901 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS006&roll=E&frame=33901 ] was taken February 26, 2003, with an Electronic Still Camera equipped with 28 mm lens and is provided by the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory at Johnson Space Center. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA-JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]
Baitoushan Volcano, China an …
Title Baitoushan Volcano, China and North Korea
Description One of the largest known eruptions of the modern geologic period (the Holocene) occurred at Baitoushan Volcano (also known as Changbaishan in China and P'aektu-san in Korea) about 1000 A.D., with erupted material deposited as far away as northern Japan—a distance of approximately 1,200 kilometers. The eruption also created the 4.5-kilometer-diameter, 850-meter-deep summit caldera of the volcano, which is now filled with the waters of Lake Tianchi (or Sky Lake). This oblique astronaut photograph was taken during the winter season, and snow highlights frozen Lake Tianchi and lava flow lobes along the southern face of the volcano. Baitoushan last erupted in 1702, and geologists consider it to be dormant. Gas emissions were reported from the summit and nearby hot springs in 1994, but no evidence of renewed activity of the volcano was observed. The Chinese-Korean border runs directly through the center of the summit caldera, and the mountain is considered sacred by the predominantly Korean population living near the volcano. Lake Tianchi is a popular resort destination, both for its natural beauty and alleged sightings of unidentified creatures living in its depths (similar to the legendary Loch Ness Monster in Scotland). Astronaut photograph ISS006-E-43366 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS006&roll=E&f rame=43366 ] was acquired April 4, 2003, with a Kodak 760C digital camera with an 800 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science & Analysis Group, Johnson Space Center. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]
Central Africa Dust Storm
Title Central Africa Dust Storm
Description This image was taken from the International Space Station on March 8, 2004, from a position about 1400 kilometers off the coast of Mauritania (about 600 kilometers west of the Cape Verde Islands). Looking northwest, this image shows the dusty Saharan airmass in the lower third of the view, with clear air beyond a marked northeast-trending boundary. The dust, which originated in Central Africa, is blowing west southwest, parallel to the front?a common trajectory during northern winters. The width of the dust column was about 1800 kilometers, of which only 200 kilometers is seen here. The MODIS sensor composite for the same date shows the dust nearly reaching South America. Astronaut photograph ISS008-E-18202 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS008&roll=E&frame=18202 ] was taken from the International Space Station on November 26, 2003, with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with a 35 mm lens. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]. Image courtesy the Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center
Central Africa Dust Storm
Title Central Africa Dust Storm
Description This image was taken from the International Space Station on March 8, 2004, from a position about 1400 kilometers off the coast of Mauritania (about 600 kilometers west of the Cape Verde Islands). Looking northwest, this image shows the dusty Saharan airmass in the lower third of the view, with clear air beyond a marked northeast-trending boundary. The dust, which originated in Central Africa, is blowing west southwest, parallel to the front?a common trajectory during northern winters. The width of the dust column was about 1800 kilometers, of which only 200 kilometers is seen here. The MODIS sensor composite for the same date shows the dust nearly reaching South America. Astronaut photograph ISS008-E-18202 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS008&roll=E&frame=18202 ] was taken from the International Space Station on November 26, 2003, with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with a 35 mm lens. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]. Image courtesy the Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center
Hurricane Fabian
Title Hurricane Fabian
Description Astronauts on board the International Space Station photographed Hurricane Fabian on September 4, 2003 as it churned towards Bermuda. At the time the photo was taken, Fabian had maximum sustained winds of 120 mph and was moving to the north-northwest at 12 mph. Photo ISS007-E-14419 courtesy of Earth Sciences & Image Analysis Lab [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov ], Johnson Space Center
Hurricane Fabian
Title Hurricane Fabian
Description Astronauts on board the International Space Station photographed Hurricane Fabian on September 4, 2003 as it churned towards Bermuda. At the time the photo was taken, Fabian had maximum sustained winds of 120 mph and was moving to the north-northwest at 12 mph. Photo ISS007-E-14419 courtesy of Earth Sciences & Image Analysis Lab [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov ], Johnson Space Center
Hurricane Isabel
Title Hurricane Isabel
Description Astronaut Ed Lu snapped this photo of the eye of Hurricane Isabel from the International Space Station [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov ] on September 13, 2003 at 11:18 UTC. At the time, Isabel was located about 450 miles northeast of Puerto Rico and packed winds of 150 miles per hour with gusts up to 184 miles per hour. The detail shows the structure of Isabel?s eyewall. The image, ISS007-E-14745 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=14745 ], was taken with a digital camera, 180mm lens. Image courtesy of Mike Trenchard, Earth Sciences & Image Analysis Laboratory [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ], Johnson Space Center.
Hurricane Isabel
Title Hurricane Isabel
Description Astronaut Ed Lu captured this image of the eye of Hurricane Isabel as he passed overhead in the International Space Station [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov ] on September 15, 2003. The storm had weakened somewhat, but still maintained its status as a Category 4 hurricane. Image, ISS007-E-14745 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=14881 ], courtesy of Mike Trenchard, Earth Sciences & Image Analysis Laboratory [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ], Johnson Space Center.
Hurricane Isabel
Title Hurricane Isabel
Description Astronaut Ed Lu captured this broad-view photograph of Hurricane Isabel from the International Space Station [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov ] on September 13, 2003, at 11:19 UTC. At the time, Isabel was located about 450 miles northeast of Puerto Rico and packed winds of 150 miles per hour with gusts up to 184 miles per hour. The image, ISS007-E-14750 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=14750 ], was taken with a 50 mm lens on a digital camera. Image courtesy of Mike Trenchard, Earth Sciences & Image Analysis Laboratory , Johnson Space Center.
Ice in the Labrador Sea
Title Ice in the Labrador Sea
Description Sea ice drifts in the Labrador Sea in this photograph taken from the International Space Station. The ice is probably breaking away from pack ice along the coast of Newfoundland during the spring melt. NASA scientists studying satellite data believe warmer-than-normal temperatures in the Arctic may be the cause of a decline in sea ice [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/2002112710960.html ] over the past 20 years. Astronauts on board the International Space Station take thousands of photographs of the Earth every mission, which are used to study geography, transient events (like the spring thaw), and human impacts on the Earth. On October 10, 2003, a new crew arrived at the station, and the current crew—astronaut Ed Lu and cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko will return to Earth on October 27. Astronaut photograph ISS006-E-46540 was taken from the International Space Station on April 18, 2003 with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera. The International Space Station Program supports the Earth Observation Laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ].
Mashhad, Iran
Title Mashhad, Iran
Description high resolution 1000 pixel-wide image (1.0 MB JPEG) With a population of just over two million, Mashhad is Iran's second-largest city. It is located in the Kashaf River valley near the northeast corner of the country, not far away from the borders of Turkmenistan and Afganistan. Besides being the capital and center of commerce for Khorasan province, Mashhad is tourist center as well as a site of pilgrimage for millions to the shrine of martyred Shi'ate Imam Reza. The crew of STS-107 acquired this snow-enhanced image just after noon (local time) on January 21, 2003. The long runways of the international airport, on the southeastern edge of the city, run parallel to the prevailing valley winds. Note how little snow is visible in the urbanized areas and the discoloration of snow in the surrounding area, probably due to wind-borne smoke generated by fuel burning in the city.STS107-E-5290 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS107&roll=E&frame=5290 ] was provided by the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory at Johnson Space Center. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA-JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]
Munich International Airport …
Title Munich International Airport, Germany
Description The Franz Josef Strauss, or Munich, International Airport served 29 million passengers in 2005, making it Germany's second-busiest airport, after Frankfurt. The airport serves the Bayern (Bavaria) region of southeastern Germany, and is a hub for the Lufthansa airline. Like other large international airports, the facility occupies portions of multiple municipalities including Freising, Oberding, Hallbergmoos, and Marzling. During the construction of this airport, the village of Franzheim was demolished, and its 500 residents relocated. The airport lies 31 kilometers to the northeast of Munich. Rather than being an extension of the metropolis, the airport is surrounded by agricultural fields and small towns. The agricultural fields in active use appear in various shades of green, while the exposed soils of fallow fields appear brown to tan. Roadways around the airport appear as thin, intersecting lines. The white concrete airport runways are 4 kilometers in length. At bottom center, the magnified shadows of clouds hang over the scene. The airport grew in 2003 with the addition of Terminal 2, designed specifically to accommodate the needs of Lufthansa and its partner airlines. This astronaut photograph, taken from the International Space Station, shows enough detail to distinguish individual airplanes on the terminal apron (inset, white rectangle marks location on main image), and the dark gray-blue rooftop of Terminal 2. Astronauts achieve this level of photographic detail—the image resolution approaches 4 meters/pixel—by manually tracking the motion of the ground as the spacecraft orbits the earth at more than 7 kilometers per second. This photo was taken at a relatively slow shutter speed (1/60 second), which equates to more than 100 meters of ground motion. Precise astronaut tracking is required to improve the resolution in detailed images taken with long lenses. Astronaut photograph ISS013-E-18319 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS013&roll=E&frame=18319 ] was acquired May 12, 2006, with a Kodak 760C digital camera using an 800 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science & Analysis Group, Johnson Space Center. The image in this article has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]
Fires in British Columbia
Title Fires in British Columbia
Description The 2003 fire season was another very active one for western North America, especially in the Canadian province of British Columbia where some 620,000 acres of forest were consumed in almost 2,500 fires. Here the Rocky Mountains have both lofty, snow-capped peaks and long, narrow valleys that create special conditions and problems with air quality from these smoky fires. This image taken by the crew of the International Space Station on August 20, 2003, illustrates how smoke has become trapped in valleys. Normally air temperature decreases with altitude, in other words, the higher up you are, the colder it is. Warmer, more buoyant air near the surface of the Earth usually rises into the atmosphere, carrying away air pollutants such as smoke. However, sometimes the "higher equals colder" relationship breaks down, for example, here in the northern Rockies, where light winds and cold air drainage from the higher elevations have created "temperature inversions," making the air in the valley colder and denser than the air at the mountain peaks. The cold dense air does not rise, but intsead stays trapped—along with the smoke—in the valleys. Note how the snowy peaks of the mountains are relatively smoke-free while the long, north-south valleys of Kootenay Lake and Columbia River are filled with trapped aerosols from the plumes of the large fires situated to the southwest. Meanwhile shifting winds have now swept the bulk of the plumes southeastward over the Columbia River Basin of Washington. Astronaut photograph ISS007-E-13281 was taken August 20, 2003 with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with an 50mm lens and provided by Michael Trenchard (Lockheed Martin / Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center). The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth Website.
Fires in British Columbia
Title Fires in British Columbia
Description The 2003 fire season was another very active one for western North America, especially in the Canadian province of British Columbia where some 620,000 acres of forest were consumed in almost 2,500 fires. Here the Rocky Mountains have both lofty, snow-capped peaks and long, narrow valleys that create special conditions and problems with air quality from these smoky fires. This image taken by the crew of the International Space Station on August 20, 2003, illustrates how smoke has become trapped in valleys. Normally air temperature decreases with altitude, in other words, the higher up you are, the colder it is. Warmer, more buoyant air near the surface of the Earth usually rises into the atmosphere, carrying away air pollutants such as smoke. However, sometimes the "higher equals colder" relationship breaks down, for example, here in the northern Rockies, where light winds and cold air drainage from the higher elevations have created "temperature inversions," making the air in the valley colder and denser than the air at the mountain peaks. The cold dense air does not rise, but intsead stays trapped—along with the smoke—in the valleys. Note how the snowy peaks of the mountains are relatively smoke-free while the long, north-south valleys of Kootenay Lake and Columbia River are filled with trapped aerosols from the plumes of the large fires situated to the southwest. Meanwhile shifting winds have now swept the bulk of the plumes southeastward over the Columbia River Basin of Washington. Astronaut photograph ISS007-E-13281 was taken August 20, 2003 with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with an 50mm lens and provided by Michael Trenchard (Lockheed Martin / Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center). The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth Website.
Retreating Aral Sea Coastlin …
Title Retreating Aral Sea Coastlines
Description The arrow-shaped island in the Aral Sea (lower-right view, taken in 1988) used to be a 35-kilometer-long visual marker, indicating the Aral Sea to astronauts. An image from the present International Space Station increment (top) shows how much the coastline has changed as the sea level has dropped during the last three decades. Arrows indicate the northern shoreline of the original island. This 2005 image shows that the island is now part of the mainland. Deep blues and greens indicate the water-covered areas. The exposed sea floor is characterized by old shorelines (parallel lines surrounding the island) and outlines of ancient deltas. An intermediate stage in the falling sea level is documented in a view taken in 1996 (lower left), in which the island appears larger and elongated towards the eastern shore of the sea. Since the 1960s, sea levels have dropped drastically as rivers that maintained the level of the Aral Sea were diverted—completely in later years—for agricultural purposes, especially for growing cotton. A thriving fishing industry in the world's then fourth-largest lake was largely eliminated as the area of the sea shrank by more than 60 percent. Salts and pesticides that accumulated from agricultural runoff were subsequently exposed on the dry parts of the sea floor. Winds now transport these pollutants into surrounding fields and towns. Although the Kazakhstan government made a concerted effort to increase river inflow into the sea starting in 2003, it will take years before sea levels begin to rise. Astronaut photograph ISS011-E-7865 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS011&roll=E&frame=7865 ] was acquired June 3, 2005, with a Kodak 760C digital camera with a 180 mm lens. The 1996 photograph NM23-746-24 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=NM21&roll=746&frame=24 ] was acquired on May 14, 1996, with a Hasselblad camera fitted with a 100 mm lens. The 1988 photograph STS27-34-39 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS027&roll=34&frame=39 ] was acquired on December 5, 1988, with a Hasselblad camera fitted with a 250 mm lens. The images are provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science & Analysis Group at the Johnson Space Center. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov ]
Fires in Oregon
Title Fires in Oregon
Description The area of central Oregon involved in the Booth and Bear Butte Complex Fire had increased to more than 50,000 acres as of September 2, 2003. The two fires are burning through heavy, old growth forest as well as regenerating mixed conifer forest. Other fuel for the blazes includes dead timber killed by insect infestations. Wilderness areas and campgrounds in the region have been closed to the public and State Highway 20 has been closed off and on due to encroaching flames and thick smoke. This image of the area around Mt. Jefferson (snow-covered at top center) from August 27, 2003, shows the blanket of smoke from the fires hovering over the Cascade Mountains. The image was captured by the MASTER sensor?an aircraft-based simulator for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on the Terra satellite. The thermal data of the active fire locations that were collected by the sensor have been color-coded in shades from black (coolest parts of the fire) to yellow (warmer) to red (hottest). The sensor was being flown onboard the JSC WB-57 airplane as part of a separate science experiment near Lake Tahoe, and took the opportunity to capture this image while in the area. Image by Jesse Allen, based on data from the MASTER Team.
Fires in Southern California
Title Fires in Southern California
Description Fires in the San Bernadino Mountains, driven by Santa Ana winds, burned out of control Sunday morning when these images were taken from the International Space Station (ISS) at roughly 11 a.m. PST. Thick yellow smoke blows south, blanketing the valley below. This photgraph, looking southeast, captures the smoke pall as the ISS approached and passed over the region. Lake Arrowhead is the reservoir near the left edge of the phtograph. A mosaic comprised of several photogaphs shows the breadth of the fires. A small break in the smoke near the center of the images marks Cajon pass. The mosaic contains photographs ISS007-E-18086 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=18086 ], ISS007-E-18087 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=18087 ], and ISS007-E-18088 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=18088 ]. Astronaut photograph ISS007-E-18088 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=18088 ] was taken October 26, 2003 at approximately 19:54 GMT with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with a 400mm lens. Content was provided by JSC?s Earth Observation Lab. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/ ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ].
Fires in Southern California
Title Fires in Southern California
Description Fires in the San Bernadino Mountains, driven by Santa Ana winds, burned out of control Sunday morning when these images were taken from the International Space Station (ISS) at roughly 11 a.m. PST. Thick yellow smoke blows south, blanketing the valley below. This photgraph, looking southeast, captures the smoke pall as the ISS approached and passed over the region. Lake Arrowhead is the reservoir near the left edge of the phtograph. A mosaic comprised of several photogaphs shows the breadth of the fires. A small break in the smoke near the center of the images marks Cajon pass. The mosaic contains photographs ISS007-E-18086 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=18086 ], ISS007-E-18087 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=18087 ], and ISS007-E-18088 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=18088 ]. Astronaut photograph ISS007-E-18088 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS007&roll=E&frame=18088 ] was taken October 26, 2003 at approximately 19:54 GMT with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with a 400mm lens. Content was provided by JSC?s Earth Observation Lab. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/ ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ].
Victoria Falls, Zambezi Rive …
Title Victoria Falls, Zambezi River
Description high resolution 1000 pixel-wide image (920 kB JPEG) Victoria Falls is one of the most famous tourist sites in subsaharan Africa. Details of the Falls are visible in this image taken with the 800 mm lens by Astronaut Edward Lu from the Space Station on September 4, 2003. A major river in south-central Africa, the Zambezi River flows from western Zambia to the Indian Ocean in Mozambique. In the sector imaged here, it flows southeast (top left to bottom right) in a wide bed before plunging suddenly 130 meters over the Victoria Falls into a narrow gorge. The falls and their famous spray clouds are 1700 m long, the longest sheet of falling water in the world. The falls appear as a ragged white line. The small town of Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe appears just west (left) of the falls, with smaller tourist facilities on the east bank in Zambia. The international railroad bridge over the second gorge (between Zimbabwe and Zambia) can be seen in the detailed view on the bottom (arrow). The positions of the falls are controlled by linear fault lines in the underlying basalt rocks. The falls have moved upstream (bottom to top) by intense river erosion, elongating the zig-zag gorge in the process. Prior positions of the strongly linear falls can be detected. The earliest on this cropped view may have been the longest (dashed line). The zig-zags represent subsequent positions, all with the characteristic water-worn lip on the upstream side. The falls will continue to erode northward. Astronaut photograph ISS007-E-14361 was taken September 4, 2003 with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with an 800mm lens and provided by M. Justin Wilkinson (Lockheed Martin / Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center). The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/ ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]
Aurora from Space
Title Aurora from Space
Explanation From the ground, spectacular auroras seem to dance [ http://science.nasa.gov/spaceweather/aurora/ gallery_01mar03.html ] high above. But the International Space Station (ISS [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070625.html ]) orbits at nearly the same height as many auroras [ http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/ auroras/ ], sometimes passing over [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010210.html ] them, and sometimes right through them. Still, the auroral electron [ http://www.aip.org/history/electron/ ] and proton [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/lament.html ] streams pose no direct danger to the ISS [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/ ]. In 2003, ISS Science Officer Don Pettit [ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/pettit.html ] captured the green aurora, pictured above [ http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/ 24mar_noseprints.htm ] in a digitally sharpened image. From orbit, Pettit reported [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp6/ spacechronicles.html ] that changing auroras [ http://www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/ ] appeared to crawl around like giant green amoebas [ http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artsep01/ amoeba.html ]. Over 300 kilometers below, the Manicouagan Impact Crater [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001213.html ] can be seen in northern Canada, planet Earth.
London at Night
Title London at Night
Explanation Do you recognize [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951119.html ] this intriguing globular [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020416.html ] cluster of stars? It's actually the constellation of city lights surrounding London, England [ http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/1859map/map1859.html ], planet Earth, as recorded with a digital camera [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS006 &roll=E&frame=22939&QueryResultsFile=1048138731408.tsv ] from the International Space Station [ http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/ 29may_lookingglass.htm ]. Taken in February 2003, north is toward the top and slightly left in this nighttime view. The encircling "London Orbital" highway by-pass, the M25 (... but not Messier 25 [ http://www.seds.org/messier/m/m025.html ]), is easiest to pick out [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/images/EO/lowres/ISS006/ ISS006-E-22939.JPG ] south of the city. Even farther south are the lights of Gatwick airport and just inside the western (left hand) stretch of the Orbital is Heathrow. The darkened Thames river estuary fans out to the city's east. In particular, two small "dark nebulae [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020108.html ]" - Hyde Park and Regents Park - stand out slightly west of the densely packed lights at the city's core.
Aurora from Space
Title Aurora from Space
Explanation From the ground, spectacular auroras seem to dance [ http://science.nasa.gov/spaceweather/aurora/ gallery_01mar03.html ] high above. But the International Space Station (ISS [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050827.html ]) orbits at nearly the same height as many auroras [ http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/ auroras/ ], sometimes passing over [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010210.html ] them, and sometimes right through them. Still, the auroral electron [ http://www.aip.org/history/electron/ ] and proton [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/lament.html ] streams pose no direct danger to the ISS [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/ ]. In 2003, ISS Science Officer Don Pettit [ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/pettit.html ] captured the green aurora, pictured above [ http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/ 24mar_noseprints.htm ] in a digitally sharpened image. From orbit [ http://science.nasa.gov/temp/StationLoc.html ], Pettit reported [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp6/ spacechronicles.html ] that changing auroras [ http://www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/ ] appeared to crawl around like giant green amoebas [ http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artsep01/ amoeba.html ]. Over 300 kilometers below, the Manicouagan Impact Crater [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001213.html ] can be seen in northern Canada, planet Earth.
Odyssey over Mars' South Pol …
Title Odyssey over Mars' South Pole
Description NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft passes above Mars' south pole in this artist's concept illustration. The spacecraft has been orbiting Mars since October 24, 2001. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the Mars Odyssey mission for the NASA Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Investigators at Arizona State University in Tempe, the University of Arizona in Tucson, and NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, operate the science instruments. The gamma-ray spectrometer was provided by the University of Arizona in collaboration with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency and Institute for Space Research, which provided the high-energy neutron detector, and the Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico, which provided the neutron spectrometer. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime contractor for the project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
Date 10.28.2003
Odyssey over Mars' South Pol …
Title Odyssey over Mars' South Pole in 3-D
Description NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft passes above Mars' south pole in this artist's concept illustration. This red-blue anaglyph artwork can be viewed in 3-D on your computer monitor or in color print form by wearing red-blue (cyan) 3-D glasses. The spacecraft has been orbiting Mars since October 24, 2001. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the Mars Odyssey mission for the NASA Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Investigators at Arizona State University in Tempe, the University of Arizona in Tucson, and NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, operate the science instruments. The gamma-ray spectrometer was provided by the University of Arizona in collaboration with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency and Institute for Space Research, which provided the high-energy neutron detector, and the Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico, which provided the neutron spectrometer. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime contractor for the project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
Date 10.28.2003
Odyssey over Martian Sunrise
Title Odyssey over Martian Sunrise
Description NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft passes above a portion of the planet that is rotating into the sunlight in this artist's concept illustration. The spacecraft has been orbiting Mars since October 24, 2001. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the Mars Odyssey mission for the NASA Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Investigators at Arizona State University in Tempe, the University of Arizona in Tucson, and NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, operate the science instruments. The gamma-ray spectrometer was provided by the University of Arizona in collaboration with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency and Institute for Space Research, which provided the high-energy neutron detector, and the Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico, which provided the neutron spectrometer. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime contractor for the project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
Date 10.28.2003
Odyssey over Martian Sunrise …
Title Odyssey over Martian Sunrise, 3-D
Description NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft passes above a portion of the planet that is rotating into the sunlight in this artist's concept illustration. This red-blue anaglyph artwork can be viewed in 3-D on your computer monitor or in color print form by wearing red-blue (cyan) 3-D glasses. The spacecraft has been orbiting Mars since October 24, 2001. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the Mars Odyssey mission for the NASA Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Investigators at Arizona State University in Tempe, the University of Arizona in Tucson, and NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, operate the science instruments. The gamma-ray spectrometer was provided by the University of Arizona in collaboration with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency and Institute for Space Research, which provided the high-energy neutron detector, and the Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico, which provided the neutron spectrometer. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime contractor for the project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
Date 10.28.2003
Description Dr. Cary Zeitlin (not pictured), Principal Investigator for the Martian Radiation Environment ExperimentMARIE Instrument site [ http://marie.jsc.nasa.gov ] [ http://marie.jsc.nasa.gov ] Stephenie Lievense, Mars Outreach CoordinatorBiography [ http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey/mission/profileLievense.html ]Mars Education [ http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/classroom/index.html ]   Participant Survey We would greatly appreciate your feedback. Please fill out a participant survey [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/surveys/mars/odyssey.php ]. More Information Since the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter arrived at Mars on October 23, 2001 we are learning what chemical elements (e.g., carbon, iron, etc.) and minerals are present at the planet's surface. Surprised scientists have found enormous quantities of buried treasure lying just under the surface of Mars -- enough water ice to fill Lake Michigan twice over. There are also tantalizing indications emerging from the thousands of infrared images already taken that Mars experienced a series of environmental changes during active geological periods in its history. Paving the way for future astronauts, Odyssey is also recording the Martian radiation environment to determine health risks for any future human explorers. During and after its science mission, the Odyssey orbiter will also support other missions in the Mars Exploration program. It will provide the communications relay for U.S. and international landers, including the next mission in NASA's Mars Program, the Mars Exploration Rovers, to be launched in 2003. Scientists and engineers will also use Odyssey data to identify potential landing sites for future Mars missions. Latest images from Mars [ http://themis.la.asu.edu/latest.html ] Please visit the Odyssey web site at: marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey [ http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/odyssey ]
Comparison of Martian Radiat …
title Comparison of Martian Radiation Environment with International Space Station
Description This graphic shows the radiation dose equivalent as measured by Odyssey's Martian radiation environment experiment at Mars and by instruments aboard the International Space Station, for the 11-month period from April 2002 through February 2003. The accumulated total in Mars orbit is about two and a half times larger than that aboard the Space Station. Averaged over this time period, about 10 percent of the dose equivalent at Mars is due to solar particles, although a 30 percent contribution from solar particles was seen in July 2002, when the sun was particularly active. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The radiation experiment was provided by the Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, Colo., is the prime contractor for the project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Credit: NASA/JPL/JSC
North polar water ice by wei …
title North polar water ice by weight December 8, 2003
Description This map shows the percent of water by weight in near-surface materials of Mars' north polar region. It is derived from the gamma ray spectrometer component of the gamma ray spectrometer suite of instruments on NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Significant concentrations of water (greater than 20 percent) are poleward of 55 degrees north latitude. The highest concentration, greater than 50 percent, is between 75 degrees north and the pole. Another area with a high concentration of water by weight is in the north polar plains between longitudes minus 105 degrees and minus 140 degrees, and between latitudes 60 degrees and 75 degrees. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for the NASA Office of Space Science in Washington. Investigators at Arizona State University in Tempe, the University of Arizona in Tucson and NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, operate the science instruments. The gamma-ray spectrometer was provided by the University of Arizona in collaboration with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, which provided the high-energy neutron detector, and the Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico, which provided the neutron spectrometer. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime contractor for the project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL. Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona ###
Radiation environment at Mar …
title Radiation environment at Mars and Earth December 8, 2003
Description This graphic shows the radiation dose equivalent as measured by Odyssey's martian radiation environment experiment at Mars and by instruments aboard the Earth-orbiting International Space Station (ISS), for the 18-month period from April 2002 through October 2003. The accumulated total in Mars orbit is just over two times larger than that aboard the Space Station. The bars where the Mars instrument's measurements are well above the average (as shown by the orange line) are months when there was significant solar activity, which increases the dose equivalent. Dose equivalent is expressed in units of milliSieverts per day. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington. The radiation experiment was provided by the Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, Colo., is the prime contractor for the project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Credit: NASA/JPL/JSC ###
Water mass map from neutron …
title Water mass map from neutron spectrometer December 8, 2003
Description This map shows the estimated lower limit of the water content of the upper meter of Martian soil. The estimates are derived from the hydrogen abundance measured by the neutron spectrometer component of the gamma ray spectrometer suite on NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft. The highest water-mass fractions, exceeding 30 percent to well over 60 percent, are in the polar regions, beyond about 60 degrees latitude north or south. Farther from the poles, significant concentrations are in the area bound in longitude by minus 10 degrees to 50 degrees and in latitude by 30 degrees south to 40 degrees north, and in an area to the south and west of Olympus Mons (30 degrees to 0 degrees south latitude and minus 135 degrees to 110 degrees longitude). NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for the NASA Office of Space Science in Washington. Investigators at Arizona State University in Tempe, the University of Arizona in Tucson and NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, operate the science instruments. The gamma-ray spectrometer was provided by the University of Arizona in collaboration with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, which provided the high-energy neutron detector, and the Los Alamos National Laboratories, New Mexico, which provided the neutron spectrometer. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, is the prime contractor for the project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL. Credit: NASA/JPL/Los Alamos National Laboratory ###
Hurricane Fabian: Natural Ha …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Astronauts on board the Inte …
Fabian_ISS2003247.jpg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003-09-04
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Fabian_ISS2003247.jpg
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