Browse All : Images of Jamaica and Cuba

Hurricane Dennis

Title	Hurricane Dennis
Abstract	The formation of Hurricane Dennis on July 5 made that the earliest date on record that four named storms formed in the Atlantic basin. Dennis proved to be a powerful and destructive storm in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It crossed over Cuba on July 8 and 9, leaving at least 10 dead, and caused additional deaths in Haiti. After re-emerging over open water, Dennis re-strengthened into a dangerous Category 4 hurricane with top wind speeds of 233 kilometers per hour (145 mph). The storm passed within 90 kilometers (55 miles) of Pensacola, Florida, and hit land about 80 kilometers (50 miles) east of where Hurricane Ivan struck in September, 2004. A large storm surge of more than 10 feet was created in certain areas, and many homes and businesses in low-lying areas were flooded.
Completed	2005-07-11

Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Structure on September 13, 2004

Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Stru …

Title	Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Structure on September 13, 2004
Completed	2004-09-13

Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Stru …

Title	Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Structure on September 13, 2004
Completed	2004-09-13

Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Stru …

Title	Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Structure on September 13, 2004
Completed	2004-09-13

Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Stru …

Title	Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Structure on September 13, 2004
Completed	2004-09-13

Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Stru …

Title	Hurricane Ivan Rainfall Structure on September 13, 2004
Completed	2004-09-13

Hurricane Ivan Rain Accumulation September 2-19, 2004 (wide view)

Hurricane Ivan Rain Accumula …

Title	Hurricane Ivan Rain Accumulation September 2-19, 2004 (wide view)
Abstract	This animation shows rain accumulation between Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Ivan. The green path is the path Hurricane Frances took between August 25, 2004, and September 9, 2004. The red path is Hurricane Ivan from September 2, 2004, to September 19, 2004.
Completed	2004-09-16

Hurricane Ivan Rain Accumula …

Title	Hurricane Ivan Rain Accumulation September 2-19, 2004 (wide view)
Abstract	This animation shows rain accumulation between Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Ivan. The green path is the path Hurricane Frances took between August 25, 2004, and September 9, 2004. The red path is Hurricane Ivan from September 2, 2004, to September 19, 2004.
Completed	2004-09-16

Progression of Hurricane Dennis, 2005 (WMS)

Progression of Hurricane Den …

Title	Progression of Hurricane Dennis, 2005 (WMS)
Abstract	The formation of Hurricane Dennis on July 5 made that the earliest date on record that four named storms formed in the Atlantic basin. Dennis proved to be a powerful and destructive storm in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It crossed over Cuba on July 8 and 9, leaving at least 10 dead, and caused additional deaths in Haiti. After re-emerging over open water, Dennis re-strengthened into a dangerous Category 4 hurricane with top wind speeds of 233 kilometers per hour (145 mph). The storm passed within 90 kilometers (55 miles) of Pensacola, Florida, and hit land about 80 kilometers (50 miles) east of where Hurricane Ivan struck in September, 2004. A large storm surge of more than 10 feet was created in certain areas, and many homes and businesses in low-lying areas were flooded.
Completed	2005-07-18

Hurricane Charley

Title	Hurricane Charley
Description	The state of Florida has suffered its second direct hit by a tropical cyclone in as many days. On Thursday August 12, 2004, Bonnie came ashore in the Florida panhandle near Apalachicola as a tropical storm. Charley, however, became far a more dangerous Category 4 storm before it slammed into the southwest coast of Florida. Just as it did with Bonnie, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite followed Charley's progress across the Caribbean and Cuba, which suffered a direct hit. The images and data collected by TRMM can provide valuable estimates of storm location and storm intensity to the NOAA Tropical Prediction Center (also known as the National Hurricane Center). Similar to Bonnie, Charley began as a tropical depression near the Windward Islands. Tropical depression number three (TD #3) formed on August 9th, 2004 just to the southeast of Grenada. TD #3 then moved west-northwest into the lower eastern Caribbean and strengthened into a tropical storm on the morning (local time) of the 10th. The image shown above was taken at 05:43 UTC (1:43 am EDT) on 10 August 2004. The image displays the horizontal distribution of rain intensity obtained from the TRMM satellite. Rain rates in the center part of the swath are from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR), the first and only precipitation radar in space. The PR can provide fine resolution rainfall data and details on the vertical structure. Rain rates in the outer swath are from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The rain rates are overlaid on infrared (IR) data from the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). The image shows Charley just before it became a named tropical storm. The storm appears rather small with no apparent banding in the rain field. But, most of the rain (green moderate and blue light) is concentrated near the center and IR data (white background) indicates that there is good outflow with the storm. Charley continued moving west-northwest into the central Caribbean and slowly strengthened into a minimal Category 1 hurricane on the afternoon (local time) of the 11th with maximum sustained winds reported at 65 knots (75 mph) based on measurements by an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter Aircraft. At this point, Charley was just south of Jamaica. The storm now began to curve towards the right taking a more northwestward track as it passed around the western side of a subtropical ridge to its north. Charley continued to slowly intensify. Early on the afternoon of the 12th (local time), Charley became a Category 2 hurricane with sustained winds of 85 knots (98 mph). Charley then turned even more to the north ahead of an upper-level trough and headed straight for western Cuba. On the evening of the 12th of August, Charley passed just to the east of the Isle of Youth and slammed into western Cuba where it crossed the island just west of Havana before emerging into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. The image taken at 04:32 UTC (12:32 am EDT) on Friday August 13 shows Charley, directly over Cuba. The PR missed the center of the storm but a perfectly symmetrical ring of moderate rain (green circle) marks the center of Charley by the TMI. The rain field appears tightly concentrated near the center which is surrounded by an area devoid of rain known as a dry slot showing where drier air has been entrained into the storm's circulation. At the time of this image, Charley's sustained winds were 90 knots (104 mph). After coming off of Cuba, Charley intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm, with sustained winds measured at 145 mph, before slamming into the southwest coast of Florida near Captiva Island. TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA. Images produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC), NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission.

Hurricane Charley

Title	Hurricane Charley
Description	The state of Florida has suffered its second direct hit by a tropical cyclone in as many days. On Thursday August 12, 2004, Bonnie came ashore in the Florida panhandle near Apalachicola as a tropical storm. Charley, however, became far a more dangerous Category 4 storm before it slammed into the southwest coast of Florida. Just as it did with Bonnie, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite followed Charley's progress across the Caribbean and Cuba, which suffered a direct hit. The images and data collected by TRMM can provide valuable estimates of storm location and storm intensity to the NOAA Tropical Prediction Center (also known as the National Hurricane Center). Similar to Bonnie, Charley began as a tropical depression near the Windward Islands. Tropical depression number three (TD #3) formed on August 9th, 2004 just to the southeast of Grenada. TD #3 then moved west-northwest into the lower eastern Caribbean and strengthened into a tropical storm on the morning (local time) of the 10th. The image shown above was taken at 05:43 UTC (1:43 am EDT) on 10 August 2004. The image displays the horizontal distribution of rain intensity obtained from the TRMM satellite. Rain rates in the center part of the swath are from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR), the first and only precipitation radar in space. The PR can provide fine resolution rainfall data and details on the vertical structure. Rain rates in the outer swath are from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The rain rates are overlaid on infrared (IR) data from the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). The image shows Charley just before it became a named tropical storm. The storm appears rather small with no apparent banding in the rain field. But, most of the rain (green moderate and blue light) is concentrated near the center and IR data (white background) indicates that there is good outflow with the storm. Charley continued moving west-northwest into the central Caribbean and slowly strengthened into a minimal Category 1 hurricane on the afternoon (local time) of the 11th with maximum sustained winds reported at 65 knots (75 mph) based on measurements by an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter Aircraft. At this point, Charley was just south of Jamaica. The storm now began to curve towards the right taking a more northwestward track as it passed around the western side of a subtropical ridge to its north. Charley continued to slowly intensify. Early on the afternoon of the 12th (local time), Charley became a Category 2 hurricane with sustained winds of 85 knots (98 mph). Charley then turned even more to the north ahead of an upper-level trough and headed straight for western Cuba. On the evening of the 12th of August, Charley passed just to the east of the Isle of Youth and slammed into western Cuba where it crossed the island just west of Havana before emerging into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. The image taken at 04:32 UTC (12:32 am EDT) on Friday August 13 shows Charley, directly over Cuba. The PR missed the center of the storm but a perfectly symmetrical ring of moderate rain (green circle) marks the center of Charley by the TMI. The rain field appears tightly concentrated near the center which is surrounded by an area devoid of rain known as a dry slot showing where drier air has been entrained into the storm's circulation. At the time of this image, Charley's sustained winds were 90 knots (104 mph). After coming off of Cuba, Charley intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm, with sustained winds measured at 145 mph, before slamming into the southwest coast of Florida near Captiva Island. TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA. Images produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC), NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission.

Hurricane Charley

Title	Hurricane Charley
Description	The state of Florida has suffered its second direct hit by a tropical cyclone in as many days. On Thursday August 12, 2004, Bonnie came ashore in the Florida panhandle near Apalachicola as a tropical storm. Charley, however, became far a more dangerous Category 4 storm before it slammed into the southwest coast of Florida. Just as it did with Bonnie, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite followed Charley's progress across the Caribbean and Cuba, which suffered a direct hit. The images and data collected by TRMM can provide valuable estimates of storm location and storm intensity to the NOAA Tropical Prediction Center (also known as the National Hurricane Center). Similar to Bonnie, Charley began as a tropical depression near the Windward Islands. Tropical depression number three (TD #3) formed on August 9th, 2004 just to the southeast of Grenada. TD #3 then moved west-northwest into the lower eastern Caribbean and strengthened into a tropical storm on the morning (local time) of the 10th. The image shown above was taken at 05:43 UTC (1:43 am EDT) on 10 August 2004. The image displays the horizontal distribution of rain intensity obtained from the TRMM satellite. Rain rates in the center part of the swath are from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR), the first and only precipitation radar in space. The PR can provide fine resolution rainfall data and details on the vertical structure. Rain rates in the outer swath are from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The rain rates are overlaid on infrared (IR) data from the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). The image shows Charley just before it became a named tropical storm. The storm appears rather small with no apparent banding in the rain field. But, most of the rain (green moderate and blue light) is concentrated near the center and IR data (white background) indicates that there is good outflow with the storm. Charley continued moving west-northwest into the central Caribbean and slowly strengthened into a minimal Category 1 hurricane on the afternoon (local time) of the 11th with maximum sustained winds reported at 65 knots (75 mph) based on measurements by an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter Aircraft. At this point, Charley was just south of Jamaica. The storm now began to curve towards the right taking a more northwestward track as it passed around the western side of a subtropical ridge to its north. Charley continued to slowly intensify. Early on the afternoon of the 12th (local time), Charley became a Category 2 hurricane with sustained winds of 85 knots (98 mph). Charley then turned even more to the north ahead of an upper-level trough and headed straight for western Cuba. On the evening of the 12th of August, Charley passed just to the east of the Isle of Youth and slammed into western Cuba where it crossed the island just west of Havana before emerging into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. The image taken at 04:32 UTC (12:32 am EDT) on Friday August 13 shows Charley, directly over Cuba. The PR missed the center of the storm but a perfectly symmetrical ring of moderate rain (green circle) marks the center of Charley by the TMI. The rain field appears tightly concentrated near the center which is surrounded by an area devoid of rain known as a dry slot showing where drier air has been entrained into the storm's circulation. At the time of this image, Charley's sustained winds were 90 knots (104 mph). After coming off of Cuba, Charley intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm, with sustained winds measured at 145 mph, before slamming into the southwest coast of Florida near Captiva Island. TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA. Images produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC), NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission.

Hurricane Dean

Title	Hurricane Dean
Description	Hurricane Dean was the first hurricane of the 2007 Atlantic Hurricane Season. The storm system formed off the coast of South America on August 13. It traveled west, building strength from the warm waters as it headed towards the South American coast and the southern arc of the Caribbean Islands. By August 17, it had grown in power to become a Category 3 hurricane, [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml ] and forecasters were calling for it to potentially gain yet more strength as it passed over the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea. Dean was projected to cause major damage. Mexican authorities, according to news sources, were warning residents in the Yucatan Peninsula of the danger of the coming storm, which was projected to strike the peninsula. The storm might also brush against the islands of Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba among others. Some forecasters were concerned about the possibility of Dean developing into super storm in the Gulf of Mexico, where storm surge and waves as well as winds might pose significant dangers to the oil and gas platforms. This data visualization of the hurricane shows observations from the QuikSCAT satellite on August 16, 2007, at 6:55 p.m. local time (21:55 UTC). At this time, Dean was poised to cross the Windward Islands of the Caribbean, while grazing the coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland. Peak winds were around 160 kilometers per hour (100 miles per hour, 85 knots) at this time, according to Unisys Weather's Hurricane information page, [ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/ ] making Dean a Category 2 hurricane. The image depicts wind speed in color and wind direction with small barbs. White barbs point to areas of heavy rain. QuikSCAT measurements of the wind strength of Hurricane Dean and other tropical cyclones can be slower than actual wind speeds. QuikSCAT's scatterometer sends pulses of microwave energy through the atmosphere to the ocean surface and measures the energy that bounces back from the wind-roughened surface. The energy of the microwave pulses changes depending on wind speed and direction. To relate the radar signal to actual wind speed, scientists compare measurements taken from buoys and other ground stations to data the satellite acquired at the same time and place. Because the high wind speeds generated by cyclones are rare, scientists do not have corresponding ground information to know how to translate data from the satellite for wind speeds above 50 knots (about 93 km/hr or 58 mph). Also, the unusually heavy rain found in a cyclone distorts the microwave pulses in a number of ways, making a conversion to exact wind speed difficult. Instead, the scatterometer provides a nice picture of the relative wind speeds within the storm and shows wind direction. NASA image courtesy of David Long, Brigham Young University, on the QuikSCAT Science Team [ http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ ], and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Hurricane Dean

Title	Hurricane Dean
Description	Dean may have been the first Atlantic hurricane of the 2007 season, but days after first forming, it was also classified among the strongest hurricanes recorded. Dean became a Category 5 hurricane [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml ] before coming ashore on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula on August 21. Dean began as a wave-like disturbance in the cloud bands off South America, which gathered together to form a storm system on August 13. Fueled by the deep warm waters of the Caribbean, Dean quickly grew into a major hurricane, reaching its peak just before coming ashore. As it traveled across the Caribbean, the storm also caused great damage to Jamaica, Grand Cayman Island, and other Caribbean islands. This data visualization of the hurricane shows observations from the QuikSCAT satellite on August 20, 2007, at 5:31 p.m. local time (23:31 UTC). At this time, Dean was in the Gulf of Mexico between Cuba, Jamaica, and the Central American peninsula heading towards the Yucatan Peninsula. Peak winds were around 250 kilometers per hour (155 miles per hour, 135 knots) at this time, according to Unisys Weather's Hurricane information page. [ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/ ] With these wind speeds, Dean just reached Category 5 status. The image depicts wind speed in color and wind direction with small barbs. The highest wind speeds, shown in purple, surround the center of the storm. The strongest winds on the north side of the eyewall are depicted in pink. Areas of heavy rain, shown with white barbs, correspond with stronger winds. QuikSCAT measurements of the wind strength of Dean and other tropical cyclones can be slower than actual wind speeds. QuikSCAT's scatterometer sends pulses of microwave energy through the atmosphere to the ocean surface and measures the energy that bounces back from the wind-roughened surface. The energy of the microwave pulses changes depending on wind speed and direction. To relate the radar signal to actual wind speed, scientists compare measurements taken from buoys and other ground stations to data the satellite acquired at the same time and place. Because the high wind speeds generated by cyclones are rare, scientists do not have corresponding ground information to know how to translate data from the satellite for wind speeds above 50 knots (about 93 km/hr or 58 mph). Also, the unusually heavy rain found in a cyclone distorts the microwave pulses in a number of ways, making a conversion to exact wind speed difficult. Instead, the scatterometer provides a nice picture of the relative wind speeds within the storm and shows wind direction. NASA image courtesy of David Long, Brigham Young University, on the QuikSCAT Science Team [ http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ ], and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Hurricane Dean

Title	Hurricane Dean
Description	QuikSCAT Science Team [ http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/ ], and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory., The 2007 Atlantic hurricane season had three named storms, but no hurricanes until the middle of August, when Tropical Storm Dean formed. By August 20, when the QuikSCAT satellite captured the data used to make this image, Dean was an extremely powerful Category 4 [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml ] hurricane. The image depicts wind speed in color and wind direction with small barbs. White barbs point to areas of heavy rain. The center of the storm is dominated by purple, indicating high wind speeds. Pale pink circles the eye where winds were off the scale. Dark red and orange areas spread some distance from the eye: Dean was a large and powerful storm. Dean began as a wave-like disturbance in the cloud bands off South America, which gathered together to form a storm system on August 13. By August 18, Dean had grown in power to become a Category 4 hurricane, [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml ] swirling in the Caribbean Sea. The storm caused great damage to Jamaica and Grand Cayman Island, among other Caribbean islands, and as of August 19, it was forecast to come ashore on the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula not far from the border with Belize. Forecasters at the National Hurricane Center [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/index.shtml? ] were also expecting the storm to continue to gather power to Category Five strength. When QuikSCAT measured the storm on August 20, 2007, at 8:04 a.m. local time (14:04 UTC), Dean was in the Gulf of Mexico between Cuba, Jamaica, and the Central American peninsula heading towards the Yucatan Peninsula. Peak winds were around 240 kilometers per hour (150 miles per hour, 130 knots) at this time, according to Unisys Weather's Hurricane information, [ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/ ] making Dean a powerful Category Four hurricane. QuikSCAT measurements of the wind strength of Dean and other tropical cyclones can be slower than actual wind speeds. QuikSCAT's scatterometer sends pulses of microwave energy through the atmosphere to the ocean surface and measures the energy that bounces back from the wind-roughened surface. The energy of the microwave pulses changes depending on wind speed and direction. To relate the radar signal to actual wind speed, scientists compare measurements taken from buoys and other ground stations to data the satellite acquired at the same time and place. Because the high wind speeds generated by cyclones are rare, scientists do not have corresponding ground information to know how to translate data from the satellite for wind speeds above 50 knots (about 93 km/hr or 58 mph). Also, the unusually heavy rain found in a cyclone distorts the microwave pulses in a number of ways, making a conversion to exact wind speed difficult. Instead, the scatterometer provides a nice picture of the relative wind speeds within the storm and shows wind direction. NASA image courtesy of David Long, Brigham Young University, on the

Hurricane Dennis

Title	Hurricane Dennis
Description	Hurricane Dennis threaded its way between Jamaica and Haiti on a direct course for Cuba on July 7, 2005. The storm now has the distinctive hurricane form, with a well-defined eye surrounded by bands of swirling clouds. At 10:50 a.m. local time (15:50 UTC), when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA?s Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took this image, Dennis was just below a Category 3 hurricane, with winds of 175 kilometers per hour (110 miles per hour) and stronger gusts. Less than an hour before this image was taken, the storm?s small dark eye was about 105 kilometers (65 miles) northeast of Kingston, Jamaica, and 170 kilometers (105 miles) south-southeast of Guantanamo, Cuba. The National Hurricane Center reports that Dennis is traveling northwest at about 24 kilometers per hour (15 mph). A storm of this size is a threat not just because of its powerful winds: Dennis is expected to produce heavy rain and coastal and inland flooding. Five to ten inches of rain may fall over Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands, with as much as 15 inches falling in parts of Jamaica. Heavy rainfall can trigger flash floods and mudslides in mountainous regions. The storm will probably also raise tide levels by five to seven feet and generate large and dangerous waves. Dennis is expected to strengthen as it moves north towards the Gulf Coast of the United States. For official storm warnings and additional information, please visit the National Hurricane Center [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ]. The image is available in additional resolutions from the MODIS Rapid Response Team. NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC

Hurricane Frances

Title	Hurricane Frances
Description	The SeaWiFS sensor aboard the OrbView-2 satellite captured this true-color eastward looking image of Hurricane Frances on September 3, 2004 at 17:20 UTC (1:20 PM EDT). Florida is just barely visible at the top center of the image, while Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola line up vertically along the left. At the time this image was taken Frances was a category 3 storm with winds of 115 mph and was moving towards the west-northwest at 9 mph. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE

Hurricane Ivan

Title	Hurricane Ivan
Description	When the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image at 1:45 p.m. Eastern Daylight Savings time on September 9, 2004, Hurricane Ivan had dropped from deadly Category 5 hurricane to a still dangerous Category 4 storm. The storm had winds of 240 kilometers per hour (150 mph) with stronger gusts. According to the National Hurricane Center [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ], Ivan is on course for Jamaica, seen on the left edge of the image below Cuba. NASA image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC

Hurricane Ivan

Title	Hurricane Ivan
Description	With wind speeds topping 260 kilometers per hour (160 mph), Hurricane Ivan is roaring through the Caribbean as a deadly Category 5 storm. Early on September 9, 2004, the SeaWinds scatterometer aboard NASA's QuikSCAT satellite saw through Ivan's swirling clouds to measure wind speed 10 meters above the ocean surface. The result was this multi-colored image of the storm. Purple in the center of the storm shows the highest wind speeds, and green fringes around the outside of the storm show the lowest wind speeds. The black barbs indicate wind speed and direction at QuikSCAT's nominal 25 km resolution, white barbs indicate areas of heavy rain. Ivan strengthened after plowing over Grenada on Tuesday, September 7. The storm is forecast to move northwest over Jamaica and Cuba, then on to Florida. For more information, please visit the National Hurricane Center [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ]. NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT [ http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov ]) spacecraft was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California on June 19, 1999. QuikScat carries the SeaWinds scatterometer, a specialized microwave radar that measures near-surface wind speed and direction under all weather and cloud conditions over the Earth's oceans. In recent years, the ability to detect and track severe storms has been dramatically enhanced by the advent of weather satellites. Data from the SeaWinds scatterometer is augmenting traditional satellite images of clouds by providing direct measurements of surface winds to compare with the observed cloud patterns in an effort to better determine a hurricane's location, direction, structure, and strength. Specifically, these wind data are helping meteorologists to more accurately identify the extent of gale-force winds associated with a storm, while supplying inputs to numerical models that provide advanced warning of high waves and flooding. NASA image courtesy the QuikSCAT [ http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov ] team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Hurricane Ivan

Title	Hurricane Ivan
Description	The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission [ http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] (TRMM) satellite flew over Hurricane Ivan as the storm struck several islands in the Caribbean between September 8 and September 13, 2004. Three times during its voyage through the Caribbean, Ivan reached Category 5 on the Saffir/Simpson scale, the strongest possible category. Ivan is the first Category 5 hurricane in the Caribbean since Mitch in the 1998. In the above image, the shades of gray show the cloud height with white indicating the highest clouds. Colors contours indicate the surface rainfall rate. A sequence of TRMM overflights shows the persistence of Hurricane Ivan?s strong eyewall. The eyewall survived the encounter with Jamaica on September 11, and developed into a double eyewall as Ivan struck Grand Cayman Island on the following day. The eyewall remained strong as the northern rainband struck Cuba?s Isle of Youth on September 13. A well organized eyewall is frequently a sign of an intense hurricane. TRMM [ http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov ] is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). NASA image and caption courtesy Owen Kelley, NASA?s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission at Goddard Space Flight Center.

Hurricane Ivan

Title	Hurricane Ivan
Description	The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission [ http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] (TRMM) satellite flew over Hurricane Ivan as the storm struck several islands in the Caribbean between September 8 and September 13, 2004. Three times during its voyage through the Caribbean, Ivan reached Category 5 on the Saffir/Simpson scale, the strongest possible category. Ivan is the first Category 5 hurricane in the Caribbean since Mitch in the 1998. In the above image, the shades of gray show the cloud height with white indicating the highest clouds. Colors contours indicate the surface rainfall rate. A sequence of TRMM overflights shows the persistence of Hurricane Ivan?s strong eyewall. The eyewall survived the encounter with Jamaica on September 11, and developed into a double eyewall as Ivan struck Grand Cayman Island on the following day. The eyewall remained strong as the northern rainband struck Cuba?s Isle of Youth on September 13. A well organized eyewall is frequently a sign of an intense hurricane. TRMM [ http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov ] is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). NASA image and caption courtesy Owen Kelley, NASA?s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission at Goddard Space Flight Center.

Hurricane Ivan

Title	Hurricane Ivan
Description	Hurricane Ivan continues to churn quickly across the Caribbean Sea, moving northwest at about 20 kilometers per hour (13 mph). In this image, captured by the Sea-viewing Wide Field of View Sensor (SeaWiFS [ http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.html ]) on September 10, 2004, the storm is approaching Jamaica and Cuba, seen obliquely on the left edge of the image. At the time this image was taken, Ivan?s winds had decreased to 220 kilometers per hour (140 mph), and the storm was producing 15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches) of rain. Ivan was expected to hit Jamaica late on September 10, and then move north over Cuba and into Florida. For information about Hurricane Ivan, please visit the National Hurricane Center [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ]. Image provided by the SeaWiFS [ http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.html ] Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE

Hurricane Wilma

Title	Hurricane Wilma
Description	On the morning of October 19, 2005, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) aircraft measured a pressure of 882 millibars in the center of Hurricane Wilmathe lowest pressure ever measured in an Atlantic hurricane. This low pressure earned Wilma the status of the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic. As of October 20, the storm was moving northward through the western Caribbean Sea and toward the Yucatan Channel, which separates Mexico from Cuba. Predictions at that time were that once Wilma moved into the Gulf of Mexico, westerly winds would begin steering the storm toward Florida. In this image, Wilma is sprawled across the entire western Caribbean Sea, with bands of clouds reaching from the Yucatan Peninsula and Honduras (left and lower left, respectively) all the way to Cuba and Jamaica (upper right and center right edge). The image is one frame of an animation that shows the development of the storm between 8:15 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on October 18 and 4:45 p.m. on October 19 (00:15 to 20:45 UTC on October 19). At the beginning of the animation, the core of the storm is a smaller, bright disk of clouds off the coast of Honduras. Over the course of the animation, Wilma grows larger and spins and wobbles its way west-northwest. Thunderstorms embedded in the hurricane's spiraling cloud bands explode and then subside over the course of the animation. This image shows visible data collected by NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), combined with land surface data collected by NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instrument. The animation uses GOES infrared data during the nighttime part of the animation (up until about 8:45 a.m on October 19) and visible data in the daytime portion. NASA animation by Marit Jentoft-Nilsen

Hurricane Wilma

Title	Hurricane Wilma
Description	On the morning of October 19, 2005, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) aircraft measured a pressure of 882 millibars in the center of Hurricane Wilmathe lowest pressure ever measured in an Atlantic hurricane. This low pressure earned Wilma the status of the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic. As of October 20, the storm was moving northward through the western Caribbean Sea and toward the Yucatan Channel, which separates Mexico from Cuba. Predictions at that time were that once Wilma moved into the Gulf of Mexico, westerly winds would begin steering the storm toward Florida. In this image, Wilma is sprawled across the entire western Caribbean Sea, with bands of clouds reaching from the Yucatan Peninsula and Honduras (left and lower left, respectively) all the way to Cuba and Jamaica (upper right and center right edge). The image is one frame of an animation that shows the development of the storm between 8:15 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on October 18 and 4:45 p.m. on October 19 (00:15 to 20:45 UTC on October 19). At the beginning of the animation, the core of the storm is a smaller, bright disk of clouds off the coast of Honduras. Over the course of the animation, Wilma grows larger and spins and wobbles its way west-northwest. Thunderstorms embedded in the hurricane's spiraling cloud bands explode and then subside over the course of the animation. This image shows visible data collected by NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), combined with land surface data collected by NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instrument. The animation uses GOES infrared data during the nighttime part of the animation (up until about 8:45 a.m on October 19) and visible data in the daytime portion. NASA animation by Marit Jentoft-Nilsen

Hurricane Wilma

Title	Hurricane Wilma
Description	On the morning of October 19, 2005, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) aircraft measured a pressure of 882 millibars in the center of Hurricane Wilmathe lowest pressure ever measured in an Atlantic hurricane. This low pressure earned Wilma the status of the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic. As of October 20, the storm was moving northward through the western Caribbean Sea and toward the Yucatan Channel, which separates Mexico from Cuba. Predictions at that time were that once Wilma moved into the Gulf of Mexico, westerly winds would begin steering the storm toward Florida. In this image, Wilma is sprawled across the entire western Caribbean Sea, with bands of clouds reaching from the Yucatan Peninsula and Honduras (left and lower left, respectively) all the way to Cuba and Jamaica (upper right and center right edge). The image is one frame of an animation that shows the development of the storm between 8:15 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on October 18 and 4:45 p.m. on October 19 (00:15 to 20:45 UTC on October 19). At the beginning of the animation, the core of the storm is a smaller, bright disk of clouds off the coast of Honduras. Over the course of the animation, Wilma grows larger and spins and wobbles its way west-northwest. Thunderstorms embedded in the hurricane's spiraling cloud bands explode and then subside over the course of the animation. This image shows visible data collected by NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), combined with land surface data collected by NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instrument. The animation uses GOES infrared data during the nighttime part of the animation (up until about 8:45 a.m on October 19) and visible data in the daytime portion. NASA animation by Marit Jentoft-Nilsen

Hurricane Wilma

Title	Hurricane Wilma
Description	On the morning of October 19, 2005, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) aircraft measured a pressure of 882 millibars in the center of Hurricane Wilmathe lowest pressure ever measured in an Atlantic hurricane. This low pressure earned Wilma the status of the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic. As of October 20, the storm was moving northward through the western Caribbean Sea and toward the Yucatan Channel, which separates Mexico from Cuba. Predictions at that time were that once Wilma moved into the Gulf of Mexico, westerly winds would begin steering the storm toward Florida. In this image, Wilma is sprawled across the entire western Caribbean Sea, with bands of clouds reaching from the Yucatan Peninsula and Honduras (left and lower left, respectively) all the way to Cuba and Jamaica (upper right and center right edge). The image is one frame of an animation that shows the development of the storm between 8:15 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time) on October 18 and 4:45 p.m. on October 19 (00:15 to 20:45 UTC on October 19). At the beginning of the animation, the core of the storm is a smaller, bright disk of clouds off the coast of Honduras. Over the course of the animation, Wilma grows larger and spins and wobbles its way west-northwest. Thunderstorms embedded in the hurricane's spiraling cloud bands explode and then subside over the course of the animation. This image shows visible data collected by NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), combined with land surface data collected by NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instrument. The animation uses GOES infrared data during the nighttime part of the animation (up until about 8:45 a.m on October 19) and visible data in the daytime portion. NASA animation by Marit Jentoft-Nilsen

Tropical Storm Noel

Title	Tropical Storm Noel
Description	Though not the most powerful storm of the 2007 Atlantic Hurricane season, Tropical Storm Noel was among the most deadly. Only Category 5 Hurricane Felix [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=14490 ] and its associated flooding [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=14514 ] had a higher toll. Slow-moving Tropical Storm Noel inundated the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahamas with heavy rain between October 28 and November 1, 2007. The resulting floods and mudslides left at least 115 dead and thousands homeless throughout the Caribbean, reported the Associated Press on November 2, 2007. The president of the Dominican Republic, the worst-hit nation, declared a state of emergency. After crossing Hispaniola, the island shared by the Dominican Republic and Haiti, Noel moved over northern Cuba and then tracked northeast over the Bahamas. The storm was expected to strengthen into a Category 1 hurricane, move quickly north along the east coast of the United States, and strike Nova Scotia, Canada, as an extra-tropical storm on November 4, said the National Hurricane Center. [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ] This image shows the distribution of the rainfall that made Noel a deadly storm. The image shows rainfall totals as measured by the Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from October 26 through November 1, 2007. The analysis is based on measurements taken by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The heaviest rainfall fell in the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas, northeast of Noel's center. Areas of dark red show that rainfall totals over the south-central Dominican Republic and parts of the Bahamas were over 551 millimeters (21 inches). Much of eastern Hispaniola, including both the Dominican Republic and Haiti received at least 200 mm (about 8 inches) of rain, shown in yellow. Rainfall totals over Haiti and Cuba were less, with a range of at least 50 mm (2 inches) to over 200 mm (8 inches). TRMM, launched in 1997 to observe rainfall over the Tropics with a combination of passive microwave and active radar sensors, is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency, JAXA. Image produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC)

Hurricane Dennis: Image of t …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

Hurricane Dennis threaded it …

Dennis_TMO_2005188

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2005-07-07
creator	NASA -- NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC
identifier	Dennis_TMO_2005188

Hurricane Dean Approaches Yucatan Peninsula: Image of the Day

Hurricane Dean Approaches Yu …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

As if to make up for the sea …

Dean_GOES_2007aug20

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-08-20
creator	NASA -- NASA image by Marit Jentoft-Nilsen, based on data from NOAA GOES. Blue Marble imagery by NASA's Earth Observatory Team.
identifier	Dean_GOES_2007aug20

Hurricane Wilma: Image of th …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …

wilma_goe_2005292

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2005-10-19
creator	NASA -- NASA animation by Marit Jentoft-Nilsen
identifier	wilma_goe_2005292

Hurricane Charley: Natural H …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …

charley_trmm10aug0543_utc

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2004-08-10
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	charley_trmm10aug0543_utc

Rain from Tropical Storm Noel: Image of the Day

Rain from Tropical Storm Noe …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

Though not the most powerful …

NoelRain_TRM_2007305

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-11-01
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	NoelRain_TRM_2007305

Heavy Rain Floods Central America: Image of the Day

Heavy Rain Floods Central Am …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

During the first week and a …

CAmerica_TRM_2007287

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-10-14
creator	NASA -- Image produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC).
identifier	CAmerica_TRM_2007287

Hurricane Ivan: Natural Haza …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

Hurricane Ivan continues to …

Ivan_SEA_2004254

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2004-09-10
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	Ivan_SEA_2004254

Hurricane Dean: Natural Haza …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

The 2007 Atlantic hurricane …

dean_qsc_2007232

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-08-20
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	dean_qsc_2007232

Hurricane Dean: Natural Haza …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

Hurricane Dean was the first …

dean_qsc_2007228

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-08-16
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	dean_qsc_2007228

Tropical Storms Bonnie and Charley: Image of the Day

Tropical Storms Bonnie and C …

nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …

The Sea-viewing Wide Field-o …

Bonnie-Charley_OSE2004224

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2004-08-11
creator	NASA -- NASA image courtesy the seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov SeaWiFS Project, Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE
identifier	Bonnie-Charley_OSE2004224

Hurricane Frances: Natural H …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

The SeaWiFS sensor aboard th …

Frances_sea20042471720

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2004-09-03
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	Frances_sea20042471720

Hurricane Dean: Natural Haza …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

Dean may have been the first …

dean_qsc_20072322331

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2007-08-20
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	dean_qsc_20072322331

Hurricane Ivan: Natural Haza …

nasa, nasanaturalhazards

With wind speeds topping 260 …

Ivan_QST_2004253

mediatype	IMAGE
mediatype	image
date	2004-09-09
creator	NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier	Ivan_QST_2004253

Colored Height and Shaded Relief, Central America

Colored Height and Shaded Re …

PIA03364

Sol (our sun)

C-Band Interferometric Radar

Title	Colored Height and Shaded Relief, Central America
Original Caption Released with Image	Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, southern Mexico and parts of Cuba and Jamaica are all seen in this image from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The dominant feature of the northern part of Central America is the Sierra Madre Range, spreading east from Mexico between the narrow Pacific coastal plain and the limestone lowland of the Yucatan Peninsula. Parallel hill ranges sweep across Honduras and extend south, past the Caribbean Mosquito Coast to lakes Managua and Nicaragua. The Cordillera Central rises to the south, gradually descending to Lake Gatun and the Isthmus of Panama. A highly active volcanic belt runs along the Pacific seaboard from Mexico to Costa Rica. High-quality satellite imagery of Central America has, until now, been difficult to obtain due to persistent cloud cover in this region of the world. The ability of SRTM to penetrate clouds and make three-dimensional measurements has allowed the generation of the first complete high-resolution topographic map of the entire region. This map was used to generate the image. Two visualization methods were combined to produce the image: shading and color coding of topographic height. The shade image was derived by computing topographic slope in the north-south direction. Color coding is directly related to topographic height, with green at the lower elevations, rising through yellow, red, and magenta, to white at the highest elevations. For an annotated version of this image, please select Figure 1, below:(Large image: ~9 mB jpeg) Elevation data used in this image were acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. The mission used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission was designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter (200-foot)-long mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense, and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, D.C. Size: 1720 by 1670 kilometers (1068 by 1036 miles) Location: 14.5 degrees North latitude, 85.0 degrees West longitude Orientation: North toward the top Image Data: Shaded and colored SRTM elevation model Date Acquired: February 2000

Colored Height and Shaded Re …

PIA03364

Sol (our sun)

C-Band Interferometric Radar

Title	Colored Height and Shaded Relief, Central America
Original Caption Released with Image	Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, southern Mexico and parts of Cuba and Jamaica are all seen in this image from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The dominant feature of the northern part of Central America is the Sierra Madre Range, spreading east from Mexico between the narrow Pacific coastal plain and the limestone lowland of the Yucatan Peninsula. Parallel hill ranges sweep across Honduras and extend south, past the Caribbean Mosquito Coast to lakes Managua and Nicaragua. The Cordillera Central rises to the south, gradually descending to Lake Gatun and the Isthmus of Panama. A highly active volcanic belt runs along the Pacific seaboard from Mexico to Costa Rica. High-quality satellite imagery of Central America has, until now, been difficult to obtain due to persistent cloud cover in this region of the world. The ability of SRTM to penetrate clouds and make three-dimensional measurements has allowed the generation of the first complete high-resolution topographic map of the entire region. This map was used to generate the image. Two visualization methods were combined to produce the image: shading and color coding of topographic height. The shade image was derived by computing topographic slope in the north-south direction. Color coding is directly related to topographic height, with green at the lower elevations, rising through yellow, red, and magenta, to white at the highest elevations. For an annotated version of this image, please select Figure 1, below:(Large image: ~9 mB jpeg) Elevation data used in this image were acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. The mission used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission was designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter (200-foot)-long mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense, and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, D.C. Size: 1720 by 1670 kilometers (1068 by 1036 miles) Location: 14.5 degrees North latitude, 85.0 degrees West longitude Orientation: North toward the top Image Data: Shaded and colored SRTM elevation model Date Acquired: February 2000

Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)

Hurricane Ivan as Observed b …

PIA00431

Sol (our sun)

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder …

Title	Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Original Caption Released with Image	Hurricane Ivan is the most powerful hurricane to hit the Caribbean in 10 years. On September 7 and 8 it damaged 90 percent of the homes in Grenada and killed at least 16 people as it swept over Grenada, Barbados and the other islands in the area. By Thursday morning on September 9, Ivan's sustained winds reached 160 mph making it a rare category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. By Monday September 13, Ivan is blamed for 67 deaths and skirts western Cuba with winds clocked at 156 mph. The National Hurricane Center predicted the eye of Ivan will make landfall across Mobile Bay in Alabama late Wednesday or early Thursday. These images of Hurricane Ivan were acquired by the AIRS infrared, microwave, and visible sensors on September 15 at 1:30 pm local time as the storm moves in to Alabama. Ivan at category 4 strength is about 150 miles south of Mobile, Alabama and is moving north at 14 mph. Maximum sustained winds are reported to be at 135 mph and extend 105 miles from the center, while tropical storm-force winds extend 290 miles from the center. Ivan pounded the Gulf coast all day Wednesday, and is expected to make landfall between midnight and 3am in Mobile Bay, Alabama. This image shows how the storm looks through an AIRS Infrared window channel, and reveals a very large eye - about 75 km (50 miles) across. Window channels measure the temperature of the cloud tops or the surface of the Earth in cloud-free regions. The lowest temperatures are associated with high, cold cloud tops that make up the top of the hurricane. The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color indicates the cool cloud tops of the storm. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Cooler areas are pushing to purple and warmer areas are pushing to red. The microwave image (figure 2) reveals where the heaviest precipitation in Ivan is taking place. The blue areas within the storm show the location of this heavy precipitation. Blue areas outside of the storm where there are moderate or no clouds are where the cold (in the microwave sense) sea surface shines through. The image shows that the largest area of intense convection/precipitation is in the NE quadrant, centered near New Orleans. There is a smaller but still quite intense area in the SE quadrant trailing the center of the storm that might impact the Alabama coast. Image Journal, September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena., September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan closes in on Jamaica. With only 85 miles between the storm and the island, Ivan's winds at category 4 are sustained at 145 mph (230 km/hr). Hurricane-strength winds extend up to 60 miles from the center of Ivan, and tropical-storm force winds are up to 175 miles from the center. Ivan is now better organized and has a well-defined eye. After Ivan leaves Jamaica, it is expected to hit western Cuba, probably making landfall later Sunday as a CAT 4 hurricane. September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan's winds at category 5 strength are sustained at 160 mph (260 km/hr) and extend out to 105 miles from the center. Tropical-storm force winds are up to 205 miles from the center. The infrared image shows that the eye has grown quite large - perhaps 40 km (25 miles) across - which is sometimes an indication of weakening but may not be in this case. The surface pressure at the time of this image was estimated by the National Hurricane Center at 915 mb and falling - consistent with a very intense and strengthening hurricane. September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz The microwave image shows that Ivan has again developed two distinct convective centers, separated by about 250 km. That pattern developed on September 5 and persisted for 4 days. It disappeared while the storm was passing over Jamaica, but it has now re-formed.

Hurricane Ivan as Observed b …

PIA00431

Sol (our sun)

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder …

Title	Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Original Caption Released with Image	Hurricane Ivan is the most powerful hurricane to hit the Caribbean in 10 years. On September 7 and 8 it damaged 90 percent of the homes in Grenada and killed at least 16 people as it swept over Grenada, Barbados and the other islands in the area. By Thursday morning on September 9, Ivan's sustained winds reached 160 mph making it a rare category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. By Monday September 13, Ivan is blamed for 67 deaths and skirts western Cuba with winds clocked at 156 mph. The National Hurricane Center predicted the eye of Ivan will make landfall across Mobile Bay in Alabama late Wednesday or early Thursday. These images of Hurricane Ivan were acquired by the AIRS infrared, microwave, and visible sensors on September 15 at 1:30 pm local time as the storm moves in to Alabama. Ivan at category 4 strength is about 150 miles south of Mobile, Alabama and is moving north at 14 mph. Maximum sustained winds are reported to be at 135 mph and extend 105 miles from the center, while tropical storm-force winds extend 290 miles from the center. Ivan pounded the Gulf coast all day Wednesday, and is expected to make landfall between midnight and 3am in Mobile Bay, Alabama. This image shows how the storm looks through an AIRS Infrared window channel, and reveals a very large eye - about 75 km (50 miles) across. Window channels measure the temperature of the cloud tops or the surface of the Earth in cloud-free regions. The lowest temperatures are associated with high, cold cloud tops that make up the top of the hurricane. The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color indicates the cool cloud tops of the storm. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Cooler areas are pushing to purple and warmer areas are pushing to red. The microwave image (figure 2) reveals where the heaviest precipitation in Ivan is taking place. The blue areas within the storm show the location of this heavy precipitation. Blue areas outside of the storm where there are moderate or no clouds are where the cold (in the microwave sense) sea surface shines through. The image shows that the largest area of intense convection/precipitation is in the NE quadrant, centered near New Orleans. There is a smaller but still quite intense area in the SE quadrant trailing the center of the storm that might impact the Alabama coast. Image Journal, September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena., September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan closes in on Jamaica. With only 85 miles between the storm and the island, Ivan's winds at category 4 are sustained at 145 mph (230 km/hr). Hurricane-strength winds extend up to 60 miles from the center of Ivan, and tropical-storm force winds are up to 175 miles from the center. Ivan is now better organized and has a well-defined eye. After Ivan leaves Jamaica, it is expected to hit western Cuba, probably making landfall later Sunday as a CAT 4 hurricane. September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan's winds at category 5 strength are sustained at 160 mph (260 km/hr) and extend out to 105 miles from the center. Tropical-storm force winds are up to 205 miles from the center. The infrared image shows that the eye has grown quite large - perhaps 40 km (25 miles) across - which is sometimes an indication of weakening but may not be in this case. The surface pressure at the time of this image was estimated by the National Hurricane Center at 915 mb and falling - consistent with a very intense and strengthening hurricane. September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz The microwave image shows that Ivan has again developed two distinct convective centers, separated by about 250 km. That pattern developed on September 5 and persisted for 4 days. It disappeared while the storm was passing over Jamaica, but it has now re-formed.

Hurricane Ivan as Observed b …

PIA00431

Sol (our sun)

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder …

Title	Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Original Caption Released with Image	Hurricane Ivan is the most powerful hurricane to hit the Caribbean in 10 years. On September 7 and 8 it damaged 90 percent of the homes in Grenada and killed at least 16 people as it swept over Grenada, Barbados and the other islands in the area. By Thursday morning on September 9, Ivan's sustained winds reached 160 mph making it a rare category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. By Monday September 13, Ivan is blamed for 67 deaths and skirts western Cuba with winds clocked at 156 mph. The National Hurricane Center predicted the eye of Ivan will make landfall across Mobile Bay in Alabama late Wednesday or early Thursday. These images of Hurricane Ivan were acquired by the AIRS infrared, microwave, and visible sensors on September 15 at 1:30 pm local time as the storm moves in to Alabama. Ivan at category 4 strength is about 150 miles south of Mobile, Alabama and is moving north at 14 mph. Maximum sustained winds are reported to be at 135 mph and extend 105 miles from the center, while tropical storm-force winds extend 290 miles from the center. Ivan pounded the Gulf coast all day Wednesday, and is expected to make landfall between midnight and 3am in Mobile Bay, Alabama. This image shows how the storm looks through an AIRS Infrared window channel, and reveals a very large eye - about 75 km (50 miles) across. Window channels measure the temperature of the cloud tops or the surface of the Earth in cloud-free regions. The lowest temperatures are associated with high, cold cloud tops that make up the top of the hurricane. The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color indicates the cool cloud tops of the storm. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Cooler areas are pushing to purple and warmer areas are pushing to red. The microwave image (figure 2) reveals where the heaviest precipitation in Ivan is taking place. The blue areas within the storm show the location of this heavy precipitation. Blue areas outside of the storm where there are moderate or no clouds are where the cold (in the microwave sense) sea surface shines through. The image shows that the largest area of intense convection/precipitation is in the NE quadrant, centered near New Orleans. There is a smaller but still quite intense area in the SE quadrant trailing the center of the storm that might impact the Alabama coast. Image Journal, September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena., September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan closes in on Jamaica. With only 85 miles between the storm and the island, Ivan's winds at category 4 are sustained at 145 mph (230 km/hr). Hurricane-strength winds extend up to 60 miles from the center of Ivan, and tropical-storm force winds are up to 175 miles from the center. Ivan is now better organized and has a well-defined eye. After Ivan leaves Jamaica, it is expected to hit western Cuba, probably making landfall later Sunday as a CAT 4 hurricane. September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan's winds at category 5 strength are sustained at 160 mph (260 km/hr) and extend out to 105 miles from the center. Tropical-storm force winds are up to 205 miles from the center. The infrared image shows that the eye has grown quite large - perhaps 40 km (25 miles) across - which is sometimes an indication of weakening but may not be in this case. The surface pressure at the time of this image was estimated by the National Hurricane Center at 915 mb and falling - consistent with a very intense and strengthening hurricane. September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz The microwave image shows that Ivan has again developed two distinct convective centers, separated by about 250 km. That pattern developed on September 5 and persisted for 4 days. It disappeared while the storm was passing over Jamaica, but it has now re-formed.

Hurricane Ivan as Observed b …

PIA00431

Sol (our sun)

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder …

Title	Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Original Caption Released with Image	Hurricane Ivan is the most powerful hurricane to hit the Caribbean in 10 years. On September 7 and 8 it damaged 90 percent of the homes in Grenada and killed at least 16 people as it swept over Grenada, Barbados and the other islands in the area. By Thursday morning on September 9, Ivan's sustained winds reached 160 mph making it a rare category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. By Monday September 13, Ivan is blamed for 67 deaths and skirts western Cuba with winds clocked at 156 mph. The National Hurricane Center predicted the eye of Ivan will make landfall across Mobile Bay in Alabama late Wednesday or early Thursday. These images of Hurricane Ivan were acquired by the AIRS infrared, microwave, and visible sensors on September 15 at 1:30 pm local time as the storm moves in to Alabama. Ivan at category 4 strength is about 150 miles south of Mobile, Alabama and is moving north at 14 mph. Maximum sustained winds are reported to be at 135 mph and extend 105 miles from the center, while tropical storm-force winds extend 290 miles from the center. Ivan pounded the Gulf coast all day Wednesday, and is expected to make landfall between midnight and 3am in Mobile Bay, Alabama. This image shows how the storm looks through an AIRS Infrared window channel, and reveals a very large eye - about 75 km (50 miles) across. Window channels measure the temperature of the cloud tops or the surface of the Earth in cloud-free regions. The lowest temperatures are associated with high, cold cloud tops that make up the top of the hurricane. The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color indicates the cool cloud tops of the storm. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Cooler areas are pushing to purple and warmer areas are pushing to red. The microwave image (figure 2) reveals where the heaviest precipitation in Ivan is taking place. The blue areas within the storm show the location of this heavy precipitation. Blue areas outside of the storm where there are moderate or no clouds are where the cold (in the microwave sense) sea surface shines through. The image shows that the largest area of intense convection/precipitation is in the NE quadrant, centered near New Orleans. There is a smaller but still quite intense area in the SE quadrant trailing the center of the storm that might impact the Alabama coast. Image Journal, September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena., September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan closes in on Jamaica. With only 85 miles between the storm and the island, Ivan's winds at category 4 are sustained at 145 mph (230 km/hr). Hurricane-strength winds extend up to 60 miles from the center of Ivan, and tropical-storm force winds are up to 175 miles from the center. Ivan is now better organized and has a well-defined eye. After Ivan leaves Jamaica, it is expected to hit western Cuba, probably making landfall later Sunday as a CAT 4 hurricane. September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan's winds at category 5 strength are sustained at 160 mph (260 km/hr) and extend out to 105 miles from the center. Tropical-storm force winds are up to 205 miles from the center. The infrared image shows that the eye has grown quite large - perhaps 40 km (25 miles) across - which is sometimes an indication of weakening but may not be in this case. The surface pressure at the time of this image was estimated by the National Hurricane Center at 915 mb and falling - consistent with a very intense and strengthening hurricane. September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz The microwave image shows that Ivan has again developed two distinct convective centers, separated by about 250 km. That pattern developed on September 5 and persisted for 4 days. It disappeared while the storm was passing over Jamaica, but it has now re-formed.

Hurricane Ivan as Observed b …

PIA00431

Sol (our sun)

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder …

Title	Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Original Caption Released with Image	Hurricane Ivan is the most powerful hurricane to hit the Caribbean in 10 years. On September 7 and 8 it damaged 90 percent of the homes in Grenada and killed at least 16 people as it swept over Grenada, Barbados and the other islands in the area. By Thursday morning on September 9, Ivan's sustained winds reached 160 mph making it a rare category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. By Monday September 13, Ivan is blamed for 67 deaths and skirts western Cuba with winds clocked at 156 mph. The National Hurricane Center predicted the eye of Ivan will make landfall across Mobile Bay in Alabama late Wednesday or early Thursday. These images of Hurricane Ivan were acquired by the AIRS infrared, microwave, and visible sensors on September 15 at 1:30 pm local time as the storm moves in to Alabama. Ivan at category 4 strength is about 150 miles south of Mobile, Alabama and is moving north at 14 mph. Maximum sustained winds are reported to be at 135 mph and extend 105 miles from the center, while tropical storm-force winds extend 290 miles from the center. Ivan pounded the Gulf coast all day Wednesday, and is expected to make landfall between midnight and 3am in Mobile Bay, Alabama. This image shows how the storm looks through an AIRS Infrared window channel, and reveals a very large eye - about 75 km (50 miles) across. Window channels measure the temperature of the cloud tops or the surface of the Earth in cloud-free regions. The lowest temperatures are associated with high, cold cloud tops that make up the top of the hurricane. The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color indicates the cool cloud tops of the storm. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Cooler areas are pushing to purple and warmer areas are pushing to red. The microwave image (figure 2) reveals where the heaviest precipitation in Ivan is taking place. The blue areas within the storm show the location of this heavy precipitation. Blue areas outside of the storm where there are moderate or no clouds are where the cold (in the microwave sense) sea surface shines through. The image shows that the largest area of intense convection/precipitation is in the NE quadrant, centered near New Orleans. There is a smaller but still quite intense area in the SE quadrant trailing the center of the storm that might impact the Alabama coast. Image Journal, September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena., September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan closes in on Jamaica. With only 85 miles between the storm and the island, Ivan's winds at category 4 are sustained at 145 mph (230 km/hr). Hurricane-strength winds extend up to 60 miles from the center of Ivan, and tropical-storm force winds are up to 175 miles from the center. Ivan is now better organized and has a well-defined eye. After Ivan leaves Jamaica, it is expected to hit western Cuba, probably making landfall later Sunday as a CAT 4 hurricane. September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan's winds at category 5 strength are sustained at 160 mph (260 km/hr) and extend out to 105 miles from the center. Tropical-storm force winds are up to 205 miles from the center. The infrared image shows that the eye has grown quite large - perhaps 40 km (25 miles) across - which is sometimes an indication of weakening but may not be in this case. The surface pressure at the time of this image was estimated by the National Hurricane Center at 915 mb and falling - consistent with a very intense and strengthening hurricane. September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz The microwave image shows that Ivan has again developed two distinct convective centers, separated by about 250 km. That pattern developed on September 5 and persisted for 4 days. It disappeared while the storm was passing over Jamaica, but it has now re-formed.

Hurricane Ivan as Observed b …

PIA00431

Sol (our sun)

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder …

Title	Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Original Caption Released with Image	Hurricane Ivan is the most powerful hurricane to hit the Caribbean in 10 years. On September 7 and 8 it damaged 90 percent of the homes in Grenada and killed at least 16 people as it swept over Grenada, Barbados and the other islands in the area. By Thursday morning on September 9, Ivan's sustained winds reached 160 mph making it a rare category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. By Monday September 13, Ivan is blamed for 67 deaths and skirts western Cuba with winds clocked at 156 mph. The National Hurricane Center predicted the eye of Ivan will make landfall across Mobile Bay in Alabama late Wednesday or early Thursday. These images of Hurricane Ivan were acquired by the AIRS infrared, microwave, and visible sensors on September 15 at 1:30 pm local time as the storm moves in to Alabama. Ivan at category 4 strength is about 150 miles south of Mobile, Alabama and is moving north at 14 mph. Maximum sustained winds are reported to be at 135 mph and extend 105 miles from the center, while tropical storm-force winds extend 290 miles from the center. Ivan pounded the Gulf coast all day Wednesday, and is expected to make landfall between midnight and 3am in Mobile Bay, Alabama. This image shows how the storm looks through an AIRS Infrared window channel, and reveals a very large eye - about 75 km (50 miles) across. Window channels measure the temperature of the cloud tops or the surface of the Earth in cloud-free regions. The lowest temperatures are associated with high, cold cloud tops that make up the top of the hurricane. The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color indicates the cool cloud tops of the storm. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Cooler areas are pushing to purple and warmer areas are pushing to red. The microwave image (figure 2) reveals where the heaviest precipitation in Ivan is taking place. The blue areas within the storm show the location of this heavy precipitation. Blue areas outside of the storm where there are moderate or no clouds are where the cold (in the microwave sense) sea surface shines through. The image shows that the largest area of intense convection/precipitation is in the NE quadrant, centered near New Orleans. There is a smaller but still quite intense area in the SE quadrant trailing the center of the storm that might impact the Alabama coast. Image Journal, September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena., September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan closes in on Jamaica. With only 85 miles between the storm and the island, Ivan's winds at category 4 are sustained at 145 mph (230 km/hr). Hurricane-strength winds extend up to 60 miles from the center of Ivan, and tropical-storm force winds are up to 175 miles from the center. Ivan is now better organized and has a well-defined eye. After Ivan leaves Jamaica, it is expected to hit western Cuba, probably making landfall later Sunday as a CAT 4 hurricane. September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan's winds at category 5 strength are sustained at 160 mph (260 km/hr) and extend out to 105 miles from the center. Tropical-storm force winds are up to 205 miles from the center. The infrared image shows that the eye has grown quite large - perhaps 40 km (25 miles) across - which is sometimes an indication of weakening but may not be in this case. The surface pressure at the time of this image was estimated by the National Hurricane Center at 915 mb and falling - consistent with a very intense and strengthening hurricane. September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz The microwave image shows that Ivan has again developed two distinct convective centers, separated by about 250 km. That pattern developed on September 5 and persisted for 4 days. It disappeared while the storm was passing over Jamaica, but it has now re-formed.

Hurricane Ivan as Observed b …

PIA00431

Sol (our sun)

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder …

Title	Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Original Caption Released with Image	Hurricane Ivan is the most powerful hurricane to hit the Caribbean in 10 years. On September 7 and 8 it damaged 90 percent of the homes in Grenada and killed at least 16 people as it swept over Grenada, Barbados and the other islands in the area. By Thursday morning on September 9, Ivan's sustained winds reached 160 mph making it a rare category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. By Monday September 13, Ivan is blamed for 67 deaths and skirts western Cuba with winds clocked at 156 mph. The National Hurricane Center predicted the eye of Ivan will make landfall across Mobile Bay in Alabama late Wednesday or early Thursday. These images of Hurricane Ivan were acquired by the AIRS infrared, microwave, and visible sensors on September 15 at 1:30 pm local time as the storm moves in to Alabama. Ivan at category 4 strength is about 150 miles south of Mobile, Alabama and is moving north at 14 mph. Maximum sustained winds are reported to be at 135 mph and extend 105 miles from the center, while tropical storm-force winds extend 290 miles from the center. Ivan pounded the Gulf coast all day Wednesday, and is expected to make landfall between midnight and 3am in Mobile Bay, Alabama. This image shows how the storm looks through an AIRS Infrared window channel, and reveals a very large eye - about 75 km (50 miles) across. Window channels measure the temperature of the cloud tops or the surface of the Earth in cloud-free regions. The lowest temperatures are associated with high, cold cloud tops that make up the top of the hurricane. The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color indicates the cool cloud tops of the storm. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Cooler areas are pushing to purple and warmer areas are pushing to red. The microwave image (figure 2) reveals where the heaviest precipitation in Ivan is taking place. The blue areas within the storm show the location of this heavy precipitation. Blue areas outside of the storm where there are moderate or no clouds are where the cold (in the microwave sense) sea surface shines through. The image shows that the largest area of intense convection/precipitation is in the NE quadrant, centered near New Orleans. There is a smaller but still quite intense area in the SE quadrant trailing the center of the storm that might impact the Alabama coast. Image Journal, September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena., September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan closes in on Jamaica. With only 85 miles between the storm and the island, Ivan's winds at category 4 are sustained at 145 mph (230 km/hr). Hurricane-strength winds extend up to 60 miles from the center of Ivan, and tropical-storm force winds are up to 175 miles from the center. Ivan is now better organized and has a well-defined eye. After Ivan leaves Jamaica, it is expected to hit western Cuba, probably making landfall later Sunday as a CAT 4 hurricane. September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan's winds at category 5 strength are sustained at 160 mph (260 km/hr) and extend out to 105 miles from the center. Tropical-storm force winds are up to 205 miles from the center. The infrared image shows that the eye has grown quite large - perhaps 40 km (25 miles) across - which is sometimes an indication of weakening but may not be in this case. The surface pressure at the time of this image was estimated by the National Hurricane Center at 915 mb and falling - consistent with a very intense and strengthening hurricane. September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz The microwave image shows that Ivan has again developed two distinct convective centers, separated by about 250 km. That pattern developed on September 5 and persisted for 4 days. It disappeared while the storm was passing over Jamaica, but it has now re-formed.

Hurricane Ivan as Observed b …

PIA00431

Sol (our sun)

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder …

Title	Hurricane Ivan as Observed by NASA's Spaceborne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
Original Caption Released with Image	Hurricane Ivan is the most powerful hurricane to hit the Caribbean in 10 years. On September 7 and 8 it damaged 90 percent of the homes in Grenada and killed at least 16 people as it swept over Grenada, Barbados and the other islands in the area. By Thursday morning on September 9, Ivan's sustained winds reached 160 mph making it a rare category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. By Monday September 13, Ivan is blamed for 67 deaths and skirts western Cuba with winds clocked at 156 mph. The National Hurricane Center predicted the eye of Ivan will make landfall across Mobile Bay in Alabama late Wednesday or early Thursday. These images of Hurricane Ivan were acquired by the AIRS infrared, microwave, and visible sensors on September 15 at 1:30 pm local time as the storm moves in to Alabama. Ivan at category 4 strength is about 150 miles south of Mobile, Alabama and is moving north at 14 mph. Maximum sustained winds are reported to be at 135 mph and extend 105 miles from the center, while tropical storm-force winds extend 290 miles from the center. Ivan pounded the Gulf coast all day Wednesday, and is expected to make landfall between midnight and 3am in Mobile Bay, Alabama. This image shows how the storm looks through an AIRS Infrared window channel, and reveals a very large eye - about 75 km (50 miles) across. Window channels measure the temperature of the cloud tops or the surface of the Earth in cloud-free regions. The lowest temperatures are associated with high, cold cloud tops that make up the top of the hurricane. The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color indicates the cool cloud tops of the storm. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Cooler areas are pushing to purple and warmer areas are pushing to red. The microwave image (figure 2) reveals where the heaviest precipitation in Ivan is taking place. The blue areas within the storm show the location of this heavy precipitation. Blue areas outside of the storm where there are moderate or no clouds are where the cold (in the microwave sense) sea surface shines through. The image shows that the largest area of intense convection/precipitation is in the NE quadrant, centered near New Orleans. There is a smaller but still quite intense area in the SE quadrant trailing the center of the storm that might impact the Alabama coast. Image Journal, September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Experiment, with its visible, infrared, and microwave detectors, provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. Working in tandem, the three instruments can make simultaneous observations all the way down to the Earth's surface, even in the presence of heavy clouds. With more than 2,000 channels sensing different regions of the atmosphere, the system creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature and humidity and provides information on clouds, greenhouse gases, and many other atmospheric phenomena. The AIRS Infrared Sounder Experiment flies onboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., under contract to NASA. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena., September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 7, Tuesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - infrared, 12micron The infrared signal does not penetrate through clouds, so the purple color reveals the cool cloud tops of the hurricane. In cloud-free areas, the infrared signal is retrieved at the Earth's surface, revealing warmer temperatures. Ivan becomes better organized as it approaches the Windward Islands. The center of the storm is 170 miles (275 km) southeast of Barbados and moving west at 21 mph (33 km/hr). Maximum sustained winds near 105 mph which extend outward at this force for 70 miles (110 km). September 8, Wednesday, 1:30 am. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan closes in on Jamaica. With only 85 miles between the storm and the island, Ivan's winds at category 4 are sustained at 145 mph (230 km/hr). Hurricane-strength winds extend up to 60 miles from the center of Ivan, and tropical-storm force winds are up to 175 miles from the center. Ivan is now better organized and has a well-defined eye. After Ivan leaves Jamaica, it is expected to hit western Cuba, probably making landfall later Sunday as a CAT 4 hurricane. September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz September 10, Friday, 1:30 pm. - visible/near-infrared September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - infrared, 12micron Ivan's winds at category 5 strength are sustained at 160 mph (260 km/hr) and extend out to 105 miles from the center. Tropical-storm force winds are up to 205 miles from the center. The infrared image shows that the eye has grown quite large - perhaps 40 km (25 miles) across - which is sometimes an indication of weakening but may not be in this case. The surface pressure at the time of this image was estimated by the National Hurricane Center at 915 mb and falling - consistent with a very intense and strengthening hurricane. September 13, Friday, 1:30 pm. - microwave, 89GHz The microwave image shows that Ivan has again developed two distinct convective centers, separated by about 250 km. That pattern developed on September 5 and persisted for 4 days. It disappeared while the storm was passing over Jamaica, but it has now re-formed.

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