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2005 Sea Ice over the Arctic …
Title 2005 Sea Ice over the Arctic derived from AMSR-E
Abstract This animation shows the Spring retreat and subsequent Autumn advance of sea ice over the Arctic from 1/1/2005 through 12/31/2005. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km brightness temperature, was designed to highlight the fissures in the sea ice. Moving 3-day minimum brightness temperatures provide a background for smooth ice movement over which the actual daily brightness temperatures were mapped for definition of the ice structures. The sea ice extent was defined by a 3-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration, showing as ice all areas having a sea ice concentration greater than 15%.
Completed 2006-01-23
2005 Sea Ice over the Arctic …
Title 2005 Sea Ice over the Arctic derived from AMSR-E
Abstract This animation shows the Spring retreat and subsequent Autumn advance of sea ice over the Arctic from 1/1/2005 through 12/31/2005. The false color of the sea ice, derived from the AMSR-E 6.25 km brightness temperature, was designed to highlight the fissures in the sea ice. Moving 3-day minimum brightness temperatures provide a background for smooth ice movement over which the actual daily brightness temperatures were mapped for definition of the ice structures. The sea ice extent was defined by a 3-day moving average of the AMSR-E 12.5 km sea ice concentration, showing as ice all areas having a sea ice concentration greater than 15%.
Completed 2006-01-23
Global Atmospheric Surface P …
Title Global Atmospheric Surface Pressure during Hurricane Frances (WMS)
Abstract The weight of the Earth's atmosphere exerts pressure on the surface of the Earth. This pressure varies from place-to-place due the variations in the Earth's surface since higher altitudes have less atmosphere above them than lower altitudes. Atmospheric pressure also varies from time-to-time due to the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun and the rotation of the Earth, causing weather. This animation shows the atmospheric surface pressure for the whole globe from September 1, 2004, through September 5, 2004, during the period of Hurricane Frances in the western Atlantic Ocean and Typhoon Songda in the western Pacific Ocean. The major changes in pressure occur over land where the surface altitude varies, but the sharp, moving low pressures areas for Frances and Songda can be clearly seen in the oceans. Since changing surface pressure areas over land are hard to see in these images due to the strong altitude variations, plots of the atmospheric surface pressure are almost never used to study the weather. A different plot, of sea-level pressure, is used instead.
Completed 2005-07-25
TRMM Microwave Measurements …
Title TRMM Microwave Measurements during Hurricane Katrina: Horizontal Polarization
Abstract The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation shows eight days of global TMI 85 GHz measurements in the Gulf of Mexico during Hurricane Katrina. The hurricane Katrina rainbands clearly show up in these images.
Completed 2005-09-13
Global Surface Air Temperatu …
Title Global Surface Air Temperature during Hurricane Frances (WMS)
Abstract As the Sun's energy reaches the Earth, it is either reflected, absorbed by the clouds, or absorbed by the Earth's surface. The part absorbed by the Earth's surface heats the Earth, which then heats the air just above the surface. This process occurs rapidly in the case of dry land and slowly in the case of the oceans. This animation shows the surface air temperature at an altitude of 2 meters for the whole globe from September 1, 2004, through September 5, 2004, during the period of Hurricane Frances in the western Atlantic Ocean and Typhoon Songda in the western Pacific Ocean. The animation clearly shows the air over land reacting rapidly to solar heating during the day and cooling at night, while the daily solar cyle is not visible in the temperature of the air over the ocean. A very dynamic region of changing air temperature is visible in the interaction between the cold air over Antarctica and the warmer mid-latitude air over the southern oceans during this region of polar night. Hurricane Frances and Typhhon Songda are just barely visible as circulating temperature patterns in the western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Completed 2005-07-25
TRMM Microwave Brightness Te …
Title TRMM Microwave Brightness Temperature Progression during Hurricane Katrina: Horizontal Polarization
Abstract The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation builds up four days of global TMI 85 GHz measurements. Hurricane Katrina was in the Gulf of Mexico at the time and clearly shows up in the measurements.
Completed 2005-09-12
GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane …
Title GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Visible (WMS)
Abstract The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the visible wavelengths, 0.52 to 0.72 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band clearly shows the day-night cycle since the Earth is dark at night in the visible wavelengths.
Completed 2005-09-09
Aqua MODIS Sea Surface Tempe …
Title Aqua MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Progression during Hurricane Katrina
Abstract The Aqua satellite orbits the Earth every 99 minutes in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit. The MODIS instrument on Aqua observes reflected light from the Earth in 36 spectral frequencies. These observations can be processed to show many properties of the Earth's surface, from temperature and phytoplankton measurements near the surface of the ocean to fire occurrences and land cover characteristics on the land surface. This animation shows MODIS sea surface temperature data from about 4 days of individual Aqua orbits. Sea surface temperature can only be measured by MODIS in ocean regions that are free of both clouds and sun glint, the bright band of specular reflection in the center of each granule. For this animation the data is accumulated and so builds up a complete picture of the surface of the Earth except around the South Pole, which is in darkness during the entire 4-day period.
Completed 2006-04-07
Global Surface Latent Heat F …
Title Global Surface Latent Heat Flux during Hurricane Frances (WMS)
Abstract As the Sun's energy reaches the Earth, it is either reflected, absorbed by the clouds, or absorbed by the Earth's surface. The part absorbed by the surface heats the Earth, which causes surface water to evaporate to the air, particularly over oceans or moist land. Similarly, a cold surface causes water to condense from the air onto the land or ocean. Latent heat flux is the amount of energy moving from the surface to the air due to evapolation (positive values) or from the air to the land due to condensation (negative values). This animation shows the latent heat flux for the whole globe from September 1, 2004, through September 5, 2004, during the period of Hurricane Frances in the western Atlantic Ocean and Typhoon Songda in the western Pacific Ocean. The animation clearly shows the evaporation over land only during the heat of the day, while the evaporation over the ocean is continuous throughout the day. The highest positive latent heat flux occurs during hurricanes and typhoons, as these events are powered by the movement of heat energy from the warm ocean to the atmosphere, seen here in Hurricane Frances and Typhoon Songda. Significant negative latent heat flux is somewhat rare and occurs over the ocean only during certain configurations of air and surface conditions.
Completed 2005-07-25
GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane …
Title GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Longwave Infrared Progression (WMS)
Abstract The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. The Imager takes a pattern of pictures of parts of the Earth in several wavelengths all day, measurements that are vital in weather forcasting. This animation shows a four-day sequence of GOES-12 images in the longwave infrared wavelengths, from 10.2 to 11.2 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is the most common one for observing cloud motions and severe storms throughout the day and night. Note that most of the images are taken over the United States (about every 5 minutes) with full disk images every 3 hours and several specific images over South America every day. In this animation, new images are placed over old images rather than replacing them, so different parts of the image update at different times as measurements are taken.
Completed 2005-08-29
Progression of Hurricane Emi …
Title Progression of Hurricane Emily, 2005 (WMS)
Abstract Emily was a record-setting storm for many reasons. When it formed on July 11, Emily became the earliest fifth named storm on record. As it moved through the Caribbean, Emily intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm with winds over 250 kilometers per hour (150 mph) and gusts as high as 300 kilometers per hour (184 mph), making it the most powerful storm to form before August. The previous record was set by Hurricane Dennis, which ripped through the Caribbean during the first week of July 2005. Emily's Category 4 status also made 2005 the only year to produce two Category 4 storms before the end of July.
Completed 2005-07-26
Progression of Hurricane Emi …
Title Progression of Hurricane Emily, 2005 (WMS)
Abstract Emily was a record-setting storm for many reasons. When it formed on July 11, Emily became the earliest fifth named storm on record. As it moved through the Caribbean, Emily intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm with winds over 250 kilometers per hour (150 mph) and gusts as high as 300 kilometers per hour (184 mph), making it the most powerful storm to form before August. The previous record was set by Hurricane Dennis, which ripped through the Caribbean during the first week of July 2005. Emily's Category 4 status also made 2005 the only year to produce two Category 4 storms before the end of July.
Completed 2005-07-26
Progression of Hurricane Emi …
Title Progression of Hurricane Emily, 2005 (WMS)
Abstract Emily was a record-setting storm for many reasons. When it formed on July 11, Emily became the earliest fifth named storm on record. As it moved through the Caribbean, Emily intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm with winds over 250 kilometers per hour (150 mph) and gusts as high as 300 kilometers per hour (184 mph), making it the most powerful storm to form before August. The previous record was set by Hurricane Dennis, which ripped through the Caribbean during the first week of July 2005. Emily's Category 4 status also made 2005 the only year to produce two Category 4 storms before the end of July.
Completed 2005-07-26
Progression of Hurricane Emi …
Title Progression of Hurricane Emily, 2005 (WMS)
Abstract Emily was a record-setting storm for many reasons. When it formed on July 11, Emily became the earliest fifth named storm on record. As it moved through the Caribbean, Emily intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm with winds over 250 kilometers per hour (150 mph) and gusts as high as 300 kilometers per hour (184 mph), making it the most powerful storm to form before August. The previous record was set by Hurricane Dennis, which ripped through the Caribbean during the first week of July 2005. Emily's Category 4 status also made 2005 the only year to produce two Category 4 storms before the end of July.
Completed 2005-07-26
Progression of Hurricane Emi …
Title Progression of Hurricane Emily, 2005 (WMS)
Abstract Emily was a record-setting storm for many reasons. When it formed on July 11, Emily became the earliest fifth named storm on record. As it moved through the Caribbean, Emily intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm with winds over 250 kilometers per hour (150 mph) and gusts as high as 300 kilometers per hour (184 mph), making it the most powerful storm to form before August. The previous record was set by Hurricane Dennis, which ripped through the Caribbean during the first week of July 2005. Emily's Category 4 status also made 2005 the only year to produce two Category 4 storms before the end of July.
Completed 2005-07-26
Progression of Hurricane Emi …
Title Progression of Hurricane Emily, 2005 (WMS)
Abstract Emily was a record-setting storm for many reasons. When it formed on July 11, Emily became the earliest fifth named storm on record. As it moved through the Caribbean, Emily intensified into a powerful Category 4 storm with winds over 250 kilometers per hour (150 mph) and gusts as high as 300 kilometers per hour (184 mph), making it the most powerful storm to form before August. The previous record was set by Hurricane Dennis, which ripped through the Caribbean during the first week of July 2005. Emily's Category 4 status also made 2005 the only year to produce two Category 4 storms before the end of July.
Completed 2005-07-26
NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy …
Title NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy Rainfall Patterns in California
Abstract The collision of a flow of moisture from Hawaii known as a 'Pineapple Express' and a persistent low pressure system are wreaking havoc on California weather. This movie shows rain accumulation in San Diego from Jan. 6 through Jan. 11 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 50 mm of rain) through red (200 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. In this case instruments were able to reveal rainfall structure resulting from storms 'riding' the actual Pineapple Express extending toward Hawaii, which is beyond the range of conventional land-based National Weather Service radars. In early 1995, a Pineapple Express hit California, contributing to a season of winter storms that killed 27 people and did $3 billion in damages and costs. A Pineapple Express in mid-October 2003 wreaked havoc from south of Seattle to north of Vancouver Island. Flooding forced more than 3,000 people from their homes.
Completed 2005-01-11
NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy …
Title NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy Rainfall Patterns in California
Abstract The collision of a flow of moisture from Hawaii known as a 'Pineapple Express' and a persistent low pressure system are wreaking havoc on California weather. This movie shows rain accumulation in San Diego from Jan. 6 through Jan. 11 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 50 mm of rain) through red (200 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. In this case instruments were able to reveal rainfall structure resulting from storms 'riding' the actual Pineapple Express extending toward Hawaii, which is beyond the range of conventional land-based National Weather Service radars. In early 1995, a Pineapple Express hit California, contributing to a season of winter storms that killed 27 people and did $3 billion in damages and costs. A Pineapple Express in mid-October 2003 wreaked havoc from south of Seattle to north of Vancouver Island. Flooding forced more than 3,000 people from their homes.
Completed 2005-01-11
NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy …
Title NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy Rainfall Patterns in California
Abstract The collision of a flow of moisture from Hawaii known as a 'Pineapple Express' and a persistent low pressure system are wreaking havoc on California weather. This movie shows rain accumulation in San Diego from Jan. 6 through Jan. 11 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 50 mm of rain) through red (200 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. In this case instruments were able to reveal rainfall structure resulting from storms 'riding' the actual Pineapple Express extending toward Hawaii, which is beyond the range of conventional land-based National Weather Service radars. In early 1995, a Pineapple Express hit California, contributing to a season of winter storms that killed 27 people and did $3 billion in damages and costs. A Pineapple Express in mid-October 2003 wreaked havoc from south of Seattle to north of Vancouver Island. Flooding forced more than 3,000 people from their homes.
Completed 2005-01-11
NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy …
Title NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy Rainfall Patterns in California
Abstract The collision of a flow of moisture from Hawaii known as a 'Pineapple Express' and a persistent low pressure system are wreaking havoc on California weather. This movie shows rain accumulation in San Diego from Jan. 6 through Jan. 11 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 50 mm of rain) through red (200 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. In this case instruments were able to reveal rainfall structure resulting from storms 'riding' the actual Pineapple Express extending toward Hawaii, which is beyond the range of conventional land-based National Weather Service radars. In early 1995, a Pineapple Express hit California, contributing to a season of winter storms that killed 27 people and did $3 billion in damages and costs. A Pineapple Express in mid-October 2003 wreaked havoc from south of Seattle to north of Vancouver Island. Flooding forced more than 3,000 people from their homes.
Completed 2005-01-11
NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy …
Title NASA Satellite Reveals Heavy Rainfall Patterns in California
Abstract The collision of a flow of moisture from Hawaii known as a 'Pineapple Express' and a persistent low pressure system are wreaking havoc on California weather. This movie shows rain accumulation in San Diego from Jan. 6 through Jan. 11 based on data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis. The accumulation is shown in colors ranging from green (less than 50 mm of rain) through red (200 mm or more). The TRMM satellite, using the world's only spaceborne rain radar and other microwave instruments, measures rainfall over the ocean. In this case instruments were able to reveal rainfall structure resulting from storms 'riding' the actual Pineapple Express extending toward Hawaii, which is beyond the range of conventional land-based National Weather Service radars. In early 1995, a Pineapple Express hit California, contributing to a season of winter storms that killed 27 people and did $3 billion in damages and costs. A Pineapple Express in mid-October 2003 wreaked havoc from south of Seattle to north of Vancouver Island. Flooding forced more than 3,000 people from their homes.
Completed 2005-01-11
GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane …
Title GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Longwave Infrared Overview (WMS)
Abstract The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. The Imager takes a pattern of pictures of parts of the Earth in several wavelengths all day, measurements that are vital in weather forecasting. This animation shows a four-day sequence of GOES-12 images in the longwave infrared wavelengths, from 10.2 to 11.2 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band is the most common one for observing cloud motions and severe storms throughout the day and night. Note that most of the images are taken over the United States (about every 5 minutes) with full disk images every 3 hours and several specific images over South America every day.
Completed 2005-08-29
Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up …
Title Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up Ice Sheet
Abstract The B-15A iceberg has collided into a neighboring ice sheet. This collision has caused the ice sheet to break up into smaller parts. The B-15A iceberg has been blocking shipping lanes and the feeding grounds of 3,000 Adele penguins, for over 4 years.
Completed 2005-01-18
Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up …
Title Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up Ice Sheet
Abstract The B-15A iceberg has collided into a neighboring ice sheet. This collision has caused the ice sheet to break up into smaller parts. The B-15A iceberg has been blocking shipping lanes and the feeding grounds of 3,000 Adele penguins, for over 4 years.
Completed 2005-01-18
Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up …
Title Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up Ice Sheet
Abstract The B-15A iceberg has collided into a neighboring ice sheet. This collision has caused the ice sheet to break up into smaller parts. The B-15A iceberg has been blocking shipping lanes and the feeding grounds of 3,000 Adele penguins, for over 4 years.
Completed 2005-01-18
Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up …
Title Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up Ice Sheet
Abstract The B-15A iceberg has collided into a neighboring ice sheet. This collision has caused the ice sheet to break up into smaller parts. The B-15A iceberg has been blocking shipping lanes and the feeding grounds of 3,000 Adele penguins, for over 4 years.
Completed 2005-01-18
Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up …
Title Antarctic Iceberg Breaks Up Ice Sheet
Abstract The B-15A iceberg has collided into a neighboring ice sheet. This collision has caused the ice sheet to break up into smaller parts. The B-15A iceberg has been blocking shipping lanes and the feeding grounds of 3,000 Adele penguins, for over 4 years.
Completed 2005-01-18
Hurricane Katrina GOES Cloud …
Title Hurricane Katrina GOES Clouds
Abstract This animation shows Hurricane Katrina as seen by NOAA/GOES-12 infrared band from from August 23 through 30, 2005.
Completed 2005-09-14
Global Atmospheric Sea Level …
Title Global Atmospheric Sea Level Pressure during Hurricane Frances (WMS)
Abstract The weight of the Earth's atmosphere exerts pressure on the surface of the Earth. This pressure varies from place-to-place due the variations in the Earth's surface since higher altitudes have less atmosphere above them than lower altitudes. Atmospheric pressure also varies from time-to-time due to the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun and the rotation of the Earth, causing weather. In order to see the changes in pressure which affect the weather, the variation due to altitude is removed from the surface pressure, creating a quantity called sea level pressure. This animation shows the atmospheric sea level pressure for the whole globe from September 1, 2004, through September 5, 2004, during the period of Hurricane Frances in the western Atlantic Ocean and Typhoon Songda in the western Pacific Ocean. The sharp, moving low pressures areas for Frances and Songda can be clearly seen in the oceans. Even with the direct effect of altitude removed, cold high-altitude regions such as the South Pole and the Himalayan Plateau still exhibit lower-than-normal pressures, probably due to the interaction of cold air over those regions with the warmer air in the surrounding regions.
Completed 2005-06-22
Annual Sea Ice Cycle over No …
Title Annual Sea Ice Cycle over Northern Canada
Abstract Over the course of a year, sea ice in northern Canada pulsates down into the Hudson Bay and retreats northward in the summer months. In the winter months where the sea ice extends down into the bay, polar bears wander onto the ice in search of food. As summer approaches and the sea ice melts, the bears wander back onto the mainland until the next winter. Data for this animation was gathered from the Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Aqua is a NASA satellite and the AMSR-E instrument onboard was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For more information on this story, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/polar_bears.html
Completed 2006-08-31
Annual Sea Ice Cycle over No …
Title Annual Sea Ice Cycle over Northern Canada
Abstract Over the course of a year, sea ice in northern Canada pulsates down into the Hudson Bay and retreats northward in the summer months. In the winter months where the sea ice extends down into the bay, polar bears wander onto the ice in search of food. As summer approaches and the sea ice melts, the bears wander back onto the mainland until the next winter. Data for this animation was gathered from the Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Aqua is a NASA satellite and the AMSR-E instrument onboard was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For more information on this story, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/polar_bears.html
Completed 2006-08-31
Annual Sea Ice Cycle over No …
Title Annual Sea Ice Cycle over Northern Canada
Abstract Over the course of a year, sea ice in northern Canada pulsates down into the Hudson Bay and retreats northward in the summer months. In the winter months where the sea ice extends down into the bay, polar bears wander onto the ice in search of food. As summer approaches and the sea ice melts, the bears wander back onto the mainland until the next winter. Data for this animation was gathered from the Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Aqua is a NASA satellite and the AMSR-E instrument onboard was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For more information on this story, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/polar_bears.html
Completed 2006-08-31
Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Title Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Abstract This is a three-hour global rainmap from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2004, as compiled by the TRMM satellite's Multi-satellite Precipation Analysis. The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis produces three hourly rain rates at 0.250 latitude by 0.250 longitude grid covering 500S to 500N. The input data for this merged product include a merged intercalibrated microwave-only product (3B40RT) and an Infrared rain product that is calibrated using microwave rain rates (3B41RT). Currently, 3B40RT is generated using rain rate estimates from microwave measurements from the TRMM sensors and the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers on board the DMSP satellites using the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF). 3B41RT is based on infrared measurements from geostationary satellites that are calibrated using microwave rain estimates. The 3B42RT estimate consists of the merged microwave estimate within the 3 hourly 0.25 degree space/time grid when available, and the calibrated IR rain rates otherwise.
Completed 2007-09-13
Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Title Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Abstract This is a three-hour global rainmap from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2004, as compiled by the TRMM satellite's Multi-satellite Precipation Analysis. The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis produces three hourly rain rates at 0.250 latitude by 0.250 longitude grid covering 500S to 500N. The input data for this merged product include a merged intercalibrated microwave-only product (3B40RT) and an Infrared rain product that is calibrated using microwave rain rates (3B41RT). Currently, 3B40RT is generated using rain rate estimates from microwave measurements from the TRMM sensors and the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers on board the DMSP satellites using the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF). 3B41RT is based on infrared measurements from geostationary satellites that are calibrated using microwave rain estimates. The 3B42RT estimate consists of the merged microwave estimate within the 3 hourly 0.25 degree space/time grid when available, and the calibrated IR rain rates otherwise.
Completed 2007-09-13
Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Title Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Abstract This is a three-hour global rainmap from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2004, as compiled by the TRMM satellite's Multi-satellite Precipation Analysis. The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis produces three hourly rain rates at 0.250 latitude by 0.250 longitude grid covering 500S to 500N. The input data for this merged product include a merged intercalibrated microwave-only product (3B40RT) and an Infrared rain product that is calibrated using microwave rain rates (3B41RT). Currently, 3B40RT is generated using rain rate estimates from microwave measurements from the TRMM sensors and the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers on board the DMSP satellites using the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF). 3B41RT is based on infrared measurements from geostationary satellites that are calibrated using microwave rain estimates. The 3B42RT estimate consists of the merged microwave estimate within the 3 hourly 0.25 degree space/time grid when available, and the calibrated IR rain rates otherwise.
Completed 2007-09-13
Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Title Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Abstract This is a three-hour global rainmap from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2004, as compiled by the TRMM satellite's Multi-satellite Precipation Analysis. The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis produces three hourly rain rates at 0.250 latitude by 0.250 longitude grid covering 500S to 500N. The input data for this merged product include a merged intercalibrated microwave-only product (3B40RT) and an Infrared rain product that is calibrated using microwave rain rates (3B41RT). Currently, 3B40RT is generated using rain rate estimates from microwave measurements from the TRMM sensors and the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers on board the DMSP satellites using the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF). 3B41RT is based on infrared measurements from geostationary satellites that are calibrated using microwave rain estimates. The 3B42RT estimate consists of the merged microwave estimate within the 3 hourly 0.25 degree space/time grid when available, and the calibrated IR rain rates otherwise.
Completed 2007-09-13
Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Title Global TRMM Rainmap 2004
Abstract This is a three-hour global rainmap from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2004, as compiled by the TRMM satellite's Multi-satellite Precipation Analysis. The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis produces three hourly rain rates at 0.250 latitude by 0.250 longitude grid covering 500S to 500N. The input data for this merged product include a merged intercalibrated microwave-only product (3B40RT) and an Infrared rain product that is calibrated using microwave rain rates (3B41RT). Currently, 3B40RT is generated using rain rate estimates from microwave measurements from the TRMM sensors and the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers on board the DMSP satellites using the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF). 3B41RT is based on infrared measurements from geostationary satellites that are calibrated using microwave rain estimates. The 3B42RT estimate consists of the merged microwave estimate within the 3 hourly 0.25 degree space/time grid when available, and the calibrated IR rain rates otherwise.
Completed 2007-09-13
Sea Surface Temperature from …
Title Sea Surface Temperature from June 1, 2005 to September 18, 2005
Abstract This visualization shows the sea surface temperatures for the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season from June 1, 2005 through September 18, 2005. The ocean colors represent the sea surface temperatures. Orange and red depict regions that are 82 degrees F and higher, where the ocean is warm enough for hurricanes to form. Hurricane winds are sustained by the heat energy of the ocean, so the ocean is cooled as the hurricane passes and the energy is extracted to power the winds. The sea surface temperatures were measured by the AMSR-E instrument on the Aqua satellite. Several hurricane color water trails can be seen through this animation - particulary hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina.
Completed 2005-09-02
TRMM Microwave Brightness Te …
Title TRMM Microwave Brightness Temperature Progression during Hurricane Katrina: Vertical Polarization
Abstract The TMI instrument on the TRMM satellite measures microwaves emitted from the Earth's land and water. By comparing emission from different microwave frequencies, the characteristics of ice and water in the atmosphere can be determined. For example, 85 GHz microwaves are scattered by ice crystals in tropical cyclones, making cyclone rain bands appear 'colder' than the surrounding areas. By comparing 85 GHz temperatures in different polarizations with other frequency band measurements, accurate measurements of rainfall in the atmosphere can be made. This animation builds up four days of global TMI 85 GHz measurements. Hurricane Katrina was in the Gulf of Mexico at the time and clearly shows up in the measurements.
Completed 2005-09-12
GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane …
Title GOES-12 Imagery of Hurricane Katrina: Full Disk Shortwave Infrared (WMS)
Abstract The GOES-12 satellite sits at 75 degrees west longitude at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers over the equator, in geosynchronous orbit. At this position its Imager instrument takes pictures of cloud patterns in several wavelengths for all of North and South America, a primary measurement used in weather forecasting. Every three hours the Imager takes a picture of the full disk of the Earth. This animation shows a sequence of these full disk images in the shortwave infrared wavelengths, 3.78 to 4.03 microns, during the period that Hurricane Katrina passed through the Gulf of Mexico. This wavelength band shows the day-night cycle, and is useful for identifying fog at night and discriminating between water clouds and snow or ice clouds during the daytime.
Completed 2005-08-29
NASA Scientists Research Tro …
Title NASA Scientists Research Tropical Cyclones
Abstract From hot towers to phytoplankton blooms, NASA's cutting-edge hurricane research has been revealing never-before-seen aspects of these giant storms for over a decade. The past three years have seen great progress in the areas of intensity monitoring and 3-D modeling of hurricanes. In 2006, scientists at NASA and other institutions have more tools than ever to study these storms using the very latest in ground, air, and space-based technology. The top left window shows sea surface temperature and clouds. Orange and red colors represent ocean temperatures at 82 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. This is the temperature required for hurricanes to form. The bottom left window shows wind analysis model data from NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP '05) program. The top right window shows Rainfall Accumulation for Hurricane Katrina from the TRMM spacecraft. The bottom right window shows Energy-releasing deep convective clouds (to 16 km) in the eyewall of Hurricane Katrina, called 'Hot Towers', on August 28 occurred while the storm was intensifying to a category 5 classification.
Completed 2006-05-30
NASA Scientists Research Tro …
Title NASA Scientists Research Tropical Cyclones
Abstract From hot towers to phytoplankton blooms, NASA's cutting-edge hurricane research has been revealing never-before-seen aspects of these giant storms for over a decade. The past three years have seen great progress in the areas of intensity monitoring and 3-D modeling of hurricanes. In 2006, scientists at NASA and other institutions have more tools than ever to study these storms using the very latest in ground, air, and space-based technology. The top left window shows sea surface temperature and clouds. Orange and red colors represent ocean temperatures at 82 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. This is the temperature required for hurricanes to form. The bottom left window shows wind analysis model data from NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP '05) program. The top right window shows Rainfall Accumulation for Hurricane Katrina from the TRMM spacecraft. The bottom right window shows Energy-releasing deep convective clouds (to 16 km) in the eyewall of Hurricane Katrina, called 'Hot Towers', on August 28 occurred while the storm was intensifying to a category 5 classification.
Completed 2006-05-30
Jakobshavn Glacier Calving F …
Title Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession from 1850 to 2006
Abstract Jakobshavn Isbrae is located on the west coast of Greenland at Latitude 69 N. The ice front, where the glacier calves into the sea, receded more than 40 km between 1850 and 2006. Between 1850 and 1964 the ice front retreated at a steady rate of about 0.3 km/yr, after which it occupied approximately the same location until 2001, when the ice front began to recede again, but far more rapidly at about 3 km/yr. After 2004, the glacier began retreating up its two main tributaries: one to the north, and a more rapid one to the southeast. These changes are important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it causes a rise in sea level. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of the ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase.
Completed 2006-12-18
Jakobshavn Glacier Calving F …
Title Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession from 1850 to 2006
Abstract Jakobshavn Isbrae is located on the west coast of Greenland at Latitude 69 N. The ice front, where the glacier calves into the sea, receded more than 40 km between 1850 and 2006. Between 1850 and 1964 the ice front retreated at a steady rate of about 0.3 km/yr, after which it occupied approximately the same location until 2001, when the ice front began to recede again, but far more rapidly at about 3 km/yr. After 2004, the glacier began retreating up its two main tributaries: one to the north, and a more rapid one to the southeast. These changes are important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it causes a rise in sea level. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of the ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase.
Completed 2006-12-18
Jakobshavn Glacier Calving F …
Title Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession from 1850 to 2006
Abstract Jakobshavn Isbrae is located on the west coast of Greenland at Latitude 69 N. The ice front, where the glacier calves into the sea, receded more than 40 km between 1850 and 2006. Between 1850 and 1964 the ice front retreated at a steady rate of about 0.3 km/yr, after which it occupied approximately the same location until 2001, when the ice front began to recede again, but far more rapidly at about 3 km/yr. After 2004, the glacier began retreating up its two main tributaries: one to the north, and a more rapid one to the southeast. These changes are important for many reasons. As more ice moves from glaciers on land into the ocean, it causes a rise in sea level. Jakobshavn Isbrae is Greenland's largest outlet glacier, draining 6.5 percent of Greenland's ice sheet area. The ice stream's speed-up and near-doubling of the ice flow from land into the ocean has increased the rate of sea level rise by about .06 millimeters (about .002 inches) per year, or roughly 4 percent of the 20th century rate of sea level increase.
Completed 2006-12-18
Global Surface Wind Speed du …
Title Global Surface Wind Speed during Hurricane Frances (WMS)
Abstract The weight of the Earth's atmosphere exerts pressure on the surface of the Earth. This pressure varies from place-to-place and from time-to-time due to surface irregularities, uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, and the Earth's rotation. Differences in pressure from place-to-place cause winds to try to flow from high pressure to low pressure regions to even out the differences, but the Earth's rotation and wind friction with the surface act to slow or divert the winds. This animation shows the surface wind speeds for the whole globe from September 1, 2004, through September 5, 2004, during the period of Hurricane Frances in the western Atlantic Ocean and Typhoon Songda in the western Pacific Ocean. The highest, smoothest winds occur over the oceans where there are no surface irregularities to break up the flow, while flows over land tend to be irregular and highly variable. The highest winds occur in Hurricane Frances and Typhoon Songda, but note that the hurricane's wind speeds reduce dramatically when crossing Florida.
Completed 2005-07-25
Named Storms from the 2005 A …
Title Named Storms from the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season (Wide Shot)
Abstract An updated version of this visualization is available. Please see animation identification number 3354. This visualization shows sea surface temperatures during most of the 2005 hurricane season. Overlaid are infrared cloud data, storm track data, and storm name labels. Ocean temperatures are the fuel that drive hurricanes. Notice the correspondence between the storm tracks and the sea surface temperature response, this is particulary noticable for hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina. This versions shows a wide view of the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean. This visualization includes all of the named storms from Arlene though Wilma, however, Vince is not within the camera's view since it was in the Portugal/Spain region. Wilma tied the record for the most named Atlantic tropical storms in recorded history, and, the list of seleced names for this season is exhausted. Other storms that have formed after Wilma, have been named after the Greek alphabet.
Completed 2005-10-13
Named Storms from the 2005 A …
Title Named Storms from the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season (Wide Shot)
Abstract An updated version of this visualization is available. Please see animation identification number 3354. This visualization shows sea surface temperatures during most of the 2005 hurricane season. Overlaid are infrared cloud data, storm track data, and storm name labels. Ocean temperatures are the fuel that drive hurricanes. Notice the correspondence between the storm tracks and the sea surface temperature response, this is particulary noticable for hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina. This versions shows a wide view of the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean. This visualization includes all of the named storms from Arlene though Wilma, however, Vince is not within the camera's view since it was in the Portugal/Spain region. Wilma tied the record for the most named Atlantic tropical storms in recorded history, and, the list of seleced names for this season is exhausted. Other storms that have formed after Wilma, have been named after the Greek alphabet.
Completed 2005-10-13
Named Storms from the 2005 A …
Title Named Storms from the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season (Wide Shot)
Abstract An updated version of this visualization is available. Please see animation identification number 3354. This visualization shows sea surface temperatures during most of the 2005 hurricane season. Overlaid are infrared cloud data, storm track data, and storm name labels. Ocean temperatures are the fuel that drive hurricanes. Notice the correspondence between the storm tracks and the sea surface temperature response, this is particulary noticable for hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina. This versions shows a wide view of the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean. This visualization includes all of the named storms from Arlene though Wilma, however, Vince is not within the camera's view since it was in the Portugal/Spain region. Wilma tied the record for the most named Atlantic tropical storms in recorded history, and, the list of seleced names for this season is exhausted. Other storms that have formed after Wilma, have been named after the Greek alphabet.
Completed 2005-10-13
Named Storms from the 2005 A …
Title Named Storms from the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season (Wide Shot)
Abstract An updated version of this visualization is available. Please see animation identification number 3354. This visualization shows sea surface temperatures during most of the 2005 hurricane season. Overlaid are infrared cloud data, storm track data, and storm name labels. Ocean temperatures are the fuel that drive hurricanes. Notice the correspondence between the storm tracks and the sea surface temperature response, this is particulary noticable for hurricanes Dennis, Emily, and Katrina. This versions shows a wide view of the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean. This visualization includes all of the named storms from Arlene though Wilma, however, Vince is not within the camera's view since it was in the Portugal/Spain region. Wilma tied the record for the most named Atlantic tropical storms in recorded history, and, the list of seleced names for this season is exhausted. Other storms that have formed after Wilma, have been named after the Greek alphabet.
Completed 2005-10-13
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