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Hubble Sees Faintest Stars i …
Title Hubble Sees Faintest Stars in a Globular Cluster
Hubble Sees Faintest Stars i …
Title Hubble Sees Faintest Stars in a Globular Cluster
Hubble Sees Faintest Stars i …
Title Hubble Sees Faintest Stars in a Globular Cluster
Hubble Sees Faintest Stars i …
Title Hubble Sees Faintest Stars in a Globular Cluster
Hubble Sees Faintest Stars i …
Title Hubble Sees Faintest Stars in a Globular Cluster
How White Dwarfs Get Their ' …
Title How White Dwarfs Get Their 'Kicks'
Holiday Wishes from the Hubb …
Title Holiday Wishes from the Hubble Space Telescope
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Resembling festive lights on a holiday wreath, this NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image of the nearby spiral galaxy M74 is an iconic reminder of the impending season. Bright knots of glowing gas light up the spiral arms, indicating a rich environment of star formation. M74 is located roughly 32 million light-years away in the direction of the constellation Pisces, the Fish. The image is a composite of Advanced Camera for Surveys data taken in 2003 and 2005.
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk …
Title Hubble Finds Mysterious Disk of Blue Stars Around Black Hole
Hubble Sees Faintest Stars i …
Title Hubble Sees Faintest Stars in a Globular Cluster
Hubble Sees Faintest Stars i …
Title Hubble Sees Faintest Stars in a Globular Cluster
How White Dwarfs Get Their ' …
Title How White Dwarfs Get Their 'Kicks'
How White Dwarfs Get Their ' …
Title How White Dwarfs Get Their 'Kicks'
How White Dwarfs Get Their ' …
Title How White Dwarfs Get Their 'Kicks'
Annual Sea Ice Cycle over No …
Title Annual Sea Ice Cycle over Northern Canada
Abstract Over the course of a year, sea ice in northern Canada pulsates down into the Hudson Bay and retreats northward in the summer months. In the winter months where the sea ice extends down into the bay, polar bears wander onto the ice in search of food. As summer approaches and the sea ice melts, the bears wander back onto the mainland until the next winter. Data for this animation was gathered from the Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Aqua is a NASA satellite and the AMSR-E instrument onboard was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For more information on this story, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/polar_bears.html
Completed 2006-08-31
Annual Sea Ice Cycle over No …
Title Annual Sea Ice Cycle over Northern Canada
Abstract Over the course of a year, sea ice in northern Canada pulsates down into the Hudson Bay and retreats northward in the summer months. In the winter months where the sea ice extends down into the bay, polar bears wander onto the ice in search of food. As summer approaches and the sea ice melts, the bears wander back onto the mainland until the next winter. Data for this animation was gathered from the Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Aqua is a NASA satellite and the AMSR-E instrument onboard was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For more information on this story, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/polar_bears.html
Completed 2006-08-31
Annual Sea Ice Cycle over No …
Title Annual Sea Ice Cycle over Northern Canada
Abstract Over the course of a year, sea ice in northern Canada pulsates down into the Hudson Bay and retreats northward in the summer months. In the winter months where the sea ice extends down into the bay, polar bears wander onto the ice in search of food. As summer approaches and the sea ice melts, the bears wander back onto the mainland until the next winter. Data for this animation was gathered from the Aqua satellite's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Aqua is a NASA satellite and the AMSR-E instrument onboard was provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For more information on this story, please visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/polar_bears.html
Completed 2006-08-31
Haze Across Eastern United S …
Title Haze Across Eastern United States
Description Groan. That's what millions of Americans in the eastern United States were doing each morning in the last week of July as they woke up to yet another day of hot, humid, stagnant air. Throughout the week, the Environmental Protection Agency has been issuing air quality warnings for the Midwest, the Southeast, and the Mid-Atlantic as pollution levels have reached the "Unheatlhy for Sensitive Groups" category in many places. In these conditions, those with respiratory problems, such as asthma and allergies, are advised to stay indoors, while even healthy children and adults are advised against prolonged exercise or outdoor activity. This image of the Eastern United States was captured on July 26, 2005, by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite. Hazy air from along the eastern seaboard from Pennsylvania to Georgia was lingering over coastal regions and spreading out over the Atlantic Ocean. Numerous fires were detected by MODIS and have been marked with red dots. Although many meteorological and human factors influence air quality, among the major culprits is high atmospheric pressure. High pressure usually creates a stable—stagnant—region of air in which the emissions from our vehicles, power plants, and fires keep piling up. Not only does the hot humid air trap emissions and cause them to linger over the region, but the extremely uncomfortable conditions also cause electricity needs to spike: the power grid must generate more electricity for running refrigeration and air conditioning devices. The additional demand creates additional air pollution, making the air quality problems worse. Fortunately, forecasters were predicting that the high pressure would weaken later in the week, allowing cooler, cleaner air from Canada to sweep through. For more information on air quality conditions and forecasts, visit the EPA's AIRNow Website. [ http://cfpub.epa.gov/airnow/index.cfm?action=airnow.DisplayTopStory&StoryType=1 ] NASA image courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team, [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] Goddard Space Flight Center
Haze Over the Midwestern Uni …
Title Haze Over the Midwestern United States
Description An atmospheric high-pressure system transported moisture and pollutants over the Great Lakes and the region to the south, affecting air quality indexes, as forecasted by AirNow [ http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.DisplayTopStory&StoryType=1 ]. For individuals sensitive to air quality, some indexes could reach unhealthy levels. Hurricane Ophelia, a portion of which appears in the lower right, was expected to impact some local weather and air quality conditions. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] flying onboard the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image on September 11, 2005. In this image, haze stretches southwards from Canada, over the Great Lakes, and into the Midwest. This picture is actually a mosaic of satellite images acquired by different passes of the Terra satellite. The sharp line running diagonally through the image shows where those different pictures were stitched together. NASA image courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Hurricane Irene
Title Hurricane Irene
Description Irene was a Category 1 storm with sustained winds of 150 kilometers per hour (90 miles per hour) and stronger gusts when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image on August 15, 2005. The third hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic season, Irene is not expected to threaten land. While Hurricane Irene may not affect the United States or Canada, it is having an effect on haze over the Atlantic Ocean. Hot, humid weather in the Mid-Atlantic states has allowed pollution to build up. As the haze flows out to sea, it is encountering Hurricane Irene, which is steering the haze in a wide circle around its northern edge. The large image provided above is at MODIS maximum resolution of 250 meters per pixel. The image is available in additional resolutions from the MODIS Rapid Response Team. NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC
Hurricane Katrina
Title Hurricane Katrina
Description Hurricane Katrina moved ashore over southeast Louisiana and southern Mississippi early on August 29, 2005, as an extremely dangerous Category 4 storm. With winds of 135 miles per hour (217 kilometers per hour), a powerful storm surge, and heavy rains, Katrina pounded the U.S. Gulf Coast, triggering extensive life-threatening flooding. This GOES image shows the storm as it moved over southern Mississippi at 9:02 a.m. The eye of the storm is due east of New Orleans, Louisiana. Katrina continued to move north into Mississippi, and is expected to track northeast across the United States into Eastern Canada over the next two days. By mid-afternoon on August 29, Katrina had weakened into a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 95 mph (153 km/hr). A mere 24 hours earlier, Katrina had been one of the most powerful storms ever observed in the Atlantic Basin. The above animation tracks the storm's degradation from a Category 5 storm on August 28, to a Category 1 storm on August 29 as the storm spent its fury on Louisiana and Mississippi. The first image in the animation was taken at 7:15 p.m. CDT on August 28. At this time, Katrina was well-organized, with a large eye. The storm had winds of 160 mph (258 km/hr) with stronger gusts and a central pressure of 902 millibars. The lower the air pressure associated with a hurricane, the more powerful the storm tends to be. Since records began, only three storms have ever had lower air pressures. Katrina was a very powerful and extremely dangerous Category 5 storm. As the storm moved north through the night, it weakened slightly into a Category 4 storm before slamming ashore over southeastern Louisiana around 6 a.m. As the storm moved ashore during the day, it gradually lost its distinctive eye and weakened to the Category 1 storm seen in the final frame, taken at 2:45 p.m. on August 29. For more images of Hurricane Katrina, please visit the Natural Hazards [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13081 ] section of the Earth Observatory. For more information about Katrina, see the National Hurricane Center [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ] web site. Images courtesy GOES Project Science Office [ http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ]
Hurricane Katrina
Title Hurricane Katrina
Description Hurricane Katrina moved ashore over southeast Louisiana and southern Mississippi early on August 29, 2005, as an extremely dangerous Category 4 storm. With winds of 135 miles per hour (217 kilometers per hour), a powerful storm surge, and heavy rains, Katrina pounded the U.S. Gulf Coast, triggering extensive life-threatening flooding. This GOES image shows the storm as it moved over southern Mississippi at 9:02 a.m. The eye of the storm is due east of New Orleans, Louisiana. Katrina continued to move north into Mississippi, and is expected to track northeast across the United States into Eastern Canada over the next two days. By mid-afternoon on August 29, Katrina had weakened into a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 95 mph (153 km/hr). A mere 24 hours earlier, Katrina had been one of the most powerful storms ever observed in the Atlantic Basin. The above animation tracks the storm's degradation from a Category 5 storm on August 28, to a Category 1 storm on August 29 as the storm spent its fury on Louisiana and Mississippi. The first image in the animation was taken at 7:15 p.m. CDT on August 28. At this time, Katrina was well-organized, with a large eye. The storm had winds of 160 mph (258 km/hr) with stronger gusts and a central pressure of 902 millibars. The lower the air pressure associated with a hurricane, the more powerful the storm tends to be. Since records began, only three storms have ever had lower air pressures. Katrina was a very powerful and extremely dangerous Category 5 storm. As the storm moved north through the night, it weakened slightly into a Category 4 storm before slamming ashore over southeastern Louisiana around 6 a.m. As the storm moved ashore during the day, it gradually lost its distinctive eye and weakened to the Category 1 storm seen in the final frame, taken at 2:45 p.m. on August 29. For more images of Hurricane Katrina, please visit the Natural Hazards [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13081 ] section of the Earth Observatory. For more information about Katrina, see the National Hurricane Center [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ] web site. Images courtesy GOES Project Science Office [ http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ]
Hurricane Katrina
Title Hurricane Katrina
Description Hurricane Katrina moved ashore over southeast Louisiana and southern Mississippi early on August 29, 2005, as an extremely dangerous Category 4 storm. With winds of 135 miles per hour (217 kilometers per hour), a powerful storm surge, and heavy rains, Katrina pounded the U.S. Gulf Coast, triggering extensive life-threatening flooding. This GOES image shows the storm as it moved over southern Mississippi at 9:02 a.m. The eye of the storm is due east of New Orleans, Louisiana. Katrina continued to move north into Mississippi, and is expected to track northeast across the United States into Eastern Canada over the next two days. By mid-afternoon on August 29, Katrina had weakened into a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 95 mph (153 km/hr). A mere 24 hours earlier, Katrina had been one of the most powerful storms ever observed in the Atlantic Basin. The above animation tracks the storm's degradation from a Category 5 storm on August 28, to a Category 1 storm on August 29 as the storm spent its fury on Louisiana and Mississippi. The first image in the animation was taken at 7:15 p.m. CDT on August 28. At this time, Katrina was well-organized, with a large eye. The storm had winds of 160 mph (258 km/hr) with stronger gusts and a central pressure of 902 millibars. The lower the air pressure associated with a hurricane, the more powerful the storm tends to be. Since records began, only three storms have ever had lower air pressures. Katrina was a very powerful and extremely dangerous Category 5 storm. As the storm moved north through the night, it weakened slightly into a Category 4 storm before slamming ashore over southeastern Louisiana around 6 a.m. As the storm moved ashore during the day, it gradually lost its distinctive eye and weakened to the Category 1 storm seen in the final frame, taken at 2:45 p.m. on August 29. For more images of Hurricane Katrina, please visit the Natural Hazards [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13081 ] section of the Earth Observatory. For more information about Katrina, see the National Hurricane Center [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ] web site. Images courtesy GOES Project Science Office [ http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ]
Fires Across Alaska
Title Fires Across Alaska
Description In the third week of August 2005, an area of high atmospheric pressure built up over Alaska. Large areas of high pressure often lead to calm weather, with light (or absent) surface winds. Unfortunately for Alaska residents, the high pressure system that parked over the state coincided with a period of significant fire activity, with more than a hundred forest fires churning out thick smoke. For several days the smoke piled up over the Interior leading to hazardous-air-quality warnings for many areas. This pair of images from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite shows smoke measurements over Alaska and western Canada on August 15 (top) and August 21 (bottom). (The background for the image is NASA's Blue Marble. [ http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=2429 ]) Increasing amounts of smoke are shown as an aerosol index with shades of blue (little or no smoke) to dull red (thick smoke). On August 15, a large mass of smoke had drifted westward over the Interior and spread out over the Bering Sea toward Russia. Less than a week later, the weather patterns shifted and the smoke blew to the east and north, over Yukon Territory in western Canada and over Victoria Island toward the Arctic Ocean. Smoke contains many substances, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and particulate matter. OMI measures smoke by tracking black carbon particles, or soot, that absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the wavelengths of sunlight that cause sunburns. By measuring how much UV radiation the soot absorbs, OMI provides estimates of the amount of black carbon aerosol in the smoke layer. This method of detecting aerosols based on their interaction with UV rather than visible (rainbow) light allows OMI to measure absorption by black carbon in smoke even if the smoke is mixed with or floating above clouds. Measurements of how much radiation aerosols absorb are important for scientists trying to calculate the net effect of aerosols on Earth's energy budget and climate. OMI was added to NASA's Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The sensor tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols and pollution in the atmosphere. NASA image and caption information courtesy the OMI Science Team.
Fires Across Alaska
Title Fires Across Alaska
Description In the third week of August 2005, an area of high atmospheric pressure built up over Alaska. Large areas of high pressure often lead to calm weather, with light (or absent) surface winds. Unfortunately for Alaska residents, the high pressure system that parked over the state coincided with a period of significant fire activity, with more than a hundred forest fires churning out thick smoke. For several days the smoke piled up over the Interior leading to hazardous-air-quality warnings for many areas. This pair of images from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite shows smoke measurements over Alaska and western Canada on August 15 (top) and August 21 (bottom). (The background for the image is NASA's Blue Marble. [ http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=2429 ]) Increasing amounts of smoke are shown as an aerosol index with shades of blue (little or no smoke) to dull red (thick smoke). On August 15, a large mass of smoke had drifted westward over the Interior and spread out over the Bering Sea toward Russia. Less than a week later, the weather patterns shifted and the smoke blew to the east and north, over Yukon Territory in western Canada and over Victoria Island toward the Arctic Ocean. Smoke contains many substances, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and particulate matter. OMI measures smoke by tracking black carbon particles, or soot, that absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the wavelengths of sunlight that cause sunburns. By measuring how much UV radiation the soot absorbs, OMI provides estimates of the amount of black carbon aerosol in the smoke layer. This method of detecting aerosols based on their interaction with UV rather than visible (rainbow) light allows OMI to measure absorption by black carbon in smoke even if the smoke is mixed with or floating above clouds. Measurements of how much radiation aerosols absorb are important for scientists trying to calculate the net effect of aerosols on Earth's energy budget and climate. OMI was added to NASA's Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The sensor tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols and pollution in the atmosphere. NASA image and caption information courtesy the OMI Science Team.
Fires in Quebec
Title Fires in Quebec
Description According to news reports from the Montreal Gazette, more than 80 lightning-triggered fires were burning across Quebec province in Canada on June 2, 2005. As many as 18 of the fires were burning out of control. Throughout the region, hundreds of people were forced to evacuate their homes as a precaution, and vehicles were being escorted in convoys along sections of highways that were closed due to smoke. This image from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA?s Aqua satellite shows several large blazes to the east of James Bay (upper left) on June 1, 2005. Areas where MODIS detected active fires have been outlined in red. The high-resolution version of the image is at MODIS? maximum spatial resolution (level of detail) of 250 meters per pixel. The image spans an area from James Bay in the west to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River in the east. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA-GSFC
Fires in Quebec
Title Fires in Quebec
Description Smoke continued to pour from fires in the Quebec province of Canada on June 2, 2005. Scores of fires have been burning in the area since the end of May. According to reports from the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Center, at least 20 of the 83 fires burning as of June 2 were out of control. Nearly all the fires were started by lightning. In this image (top) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA?s Terra satellite from June 2, thick smoke streams eastward across Quebec and out over the Gulf of St. Lawrence toward the island of Newfoundland (far right edge). The lower image shows a close-up view of the fires (areas where MODIS detected active fire are outlined in red) to the southeast of Mistassini Lake. Other large fires are burning farther to the west, outside of the scene shown here. Those fires [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=12890 ] were likely adding to the smoke pictured in this image. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA-GSFC
Fires in Quebec
Title Fires in Quebec
Description More than 80 fires were triggered by lightning in late May in Quebec. The flaming fronts of wildfires burning in Quebec, Canada, on June 2, 2005, are bright pink in this infrared-enhanced (not ?natural? color) Landsat satellite image. Three fires are visible in the image, emitting bluish smoke plumes that blow eastward. Vegetation is in shades of green, sparsely vegetated or naturally bare soil is pinkish, and burned areas are deep reddish-brown. Water is dark blue to nearly black. The direction of the smoke as well as the fact that fires appear to be burning most actively on their eastern perimeter indicates the wind is blowing from the west. The area shown is in west-central Quebec, to the east of James Bay. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data provided by the NASA Landsat Project Science Office and the National Center for Earth Resources Observation & Science (NCEROS).
Smoke from Alaskan Fires in …
Title Smoke from Alaskan Fires in Northwestern Canada
Description Northwestern Canada felt the effects as Alaska continued to burn [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13053 ] in late August 2005. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] flying onboard the Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image on August 23, 2005. In this image, a pale gray cloud of smoke several hundred kilometers long sweeps through the Northwest Territories toward the southeast, barely obscuring the view of Great Bear Lake. The smoke dips into the province of Alberta (bottom center) before turning northeast. It changes direction again to head southward over Saskatchewan and Manitoba (bottom right). Clouds—distinct from the smoke because they are pure white—surround the snaking cloud of smoke and block out the view of eastern Canada. NASA image created by Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response team.
Flooding on the Red River
Title Flooding on the Red River
Description Major flooding swamped the Red River on April 13, 2006, and the National Weather Service issued flood warnings for most communities that lined either side of the river. As the floods swept north into Canada, Winnipeg was bracing for the inundation, expected to peak around April 20. Along the border between the United States and Canada, the Pembina River was also swollen. Flooding at the confluence of the two rivers was nearing its peak when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took the top image. The Red River spanned several kilometers in North Dakota and Minnesota in contrast to the thin blue line it formed during the same period in 2005 (lower image). The floods were caused by snow melt and rain. For official flood forecasts and warnings, please visit the National Weather Service [ http://www.crh.noaa.gov/ahps2/index.php?wfo=fgf ]. The large images provided above have a resolution of 500 meters per pixel. Daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/fas/?USA2/2006103 ] are available from the MODIS Rapid Response Team in a variety of resolutions, including MODIS' maximum resolution of 250 meters per pixel. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Flooding on the Red River
Title Flooding on the Red River
Description Major flooding swamped the Red River on April 13, 2006, and the National Weather Service issued flood warnings for most communities that lined either side of the river. As the floods swept north into Canada, Winnipeg was bracing for the inundation, expected to peak around April 20. Along the border between the United States and Canada, the Pembina River was also swollen. Flooding at the confluence of the two rivers was nearing its peak when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took the top image. The Red River spanned several kilometers in North Dakota and Minnesota in contrast to the thin blue line it formed during the same period in 2005 (lower image). The floods were caused by snow melt and rain. For official flood forecasts and warnings, please visit the National Weather Service [ http://www.crh.noaa.gov/ahps2/index.php?wfo=fgf ]. The large images provided above have a resolution of 500 meters per pixel. Daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/fas/?USA2/2006103 ] are available from the MODIS Rapid Response Team in a variety of resolutions, including MODIS' maximum resolution of 250 meters per pixel. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Flooding on the Red River
Title Flooding on the Red River
Description By April 16, 2006, the leading bulge of the Red River flood had made its way into Manitoba, Canada, from the river's lower reaches in North Dakota and Minnesota. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) reported the river to be 15 kilometers wide in sections of southern Manitoba when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took the top image on the afternoon of April 16. Heavy rain was in the forecast, the Manitoba Water Stewardship warned in a release also issued on April 16, and that means that the floods were forecast to grow on April 18. This pair of MODIS images compares the river on April 16, 2006, to April 16, 2005. The images are shown in false color so that water is dark blue or black, clouds are pale blue and white, and bare earth ranges from red to tan. Springtime snowmelt in 2006 has driven the Red River and some of its tributaries well over their banks. Compared to the last clear view of the floods on April 13 [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13497 ], the river leading into Winnipeg (the cement-colored region, top center) has broadened. The flood was expected to peak in the city around April 20. The Pembina River along the border between Canada and the United States is also swollen. The region near the confluence of the Pembina and Red Rivers is covered in a wide pool of water that has grown since April 13. This flood closed the border crossing between Canada and the United States when the highway was submerged, the CBC reported. Approximately 40,000 hectares of farmland were also underwater in both countries. For more information about the floods in Canada, please visit the Manitoba Water Stewardship [ http://www.gov.mb.ca/flood.html? ] Website. Daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?USA2 ] of the floods are available from the MODIS Rapid Response Team. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Flooding on the Red River
Title Flooding on the Red River
Description By April 16, 2006, the leading bulge of the Red River flood had made its way into Manitoba, Canada, from the river's lower reaches in North Dakota and Minnesota. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) reported the river to be 15 kilometers wide in sections of southern Manitoba when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took the top image on the afternoon of April 16. Heavy rain was in the forecast, the Manitoba Water Stewardship warned in a release also issued on April 16, and that means that the floods were forecast to grow on April 18. This pair of MODIS images compares the river on April 16, 2006, to April 16, 2005. The images are shown in false color so that water is dark blue or black, clouds are pale blue and white, and bare earth ranges from red to tan. Springtime snowmelt in 2006 has driven the Red River and some of its tributaries well over their banks. Compared to the last clear view of the floods on April 13 [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13497 ], the river leading into Winnipeg (the cement-colored region, top center) has broadened. The flood was expected to peak in the city around April 20. The Pembina River along the border between Canada and the United States is also swollen. The region near the confluence of the Pembina and Red Rivers is covered in a wide pool of water that has grown since April 13. This flood closed the border crossing between Canada and the United States when the highway was submerged, the CBC reported. Approximately 40,000 hectares of farmland were also underwater in both countries. For more information about the floods in Canada, please visit the Manitoba Water Stewardship [ http://www.gov.mb.ca/flood.html? ] Website. Daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?USA2 ] of the floods are available from the MODIS Rapid Response Team. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
New Gullies on Martian Sand …
title New Gullies on Martian Sand Dune
Description One of the many mysteries associated with martian geology is the origin of gullies found at latitudes poleward of 30 degrees latitude. Most of these gullies are found within craters or other depressions, and appear to be related to the bedrock. Several hypotheses have been proposed for their origin, including groundwater seepage and melting at the base of a dust-mantled snow pack. Some middle-latitude gullies are found on sand dunes. These gullies appear to be different from those found on the slopes of craters, but generally have been interpreted to form by similar processes. In the present martian environment, it is difficult to introduce water to the surface. The temperature and atmospheric pressure may permit water to exist, but the rate of heating of the ground and atmosphere, and the amount of energy available to warm the ground or melt snow, are not conducive to such processes. An alternative process of gully formation on these sand dunes involves frozen carbon dioxide trapped in the winter by windblown sand, then subliming rapidly enough for the escaping carbon-dioxide gas to make the sand flow as a gully-cutting fluid. As part of extended-mission science investigation using the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, the camera team is re-imaging many locations where previous observations revealed gullies. The intent is to see if gully-forming processes are operating on Mars at the present time. The team has found one location where a new gully formed on a dune in an unnamed crater in the Hellespontus region of Mars, west of the Hellas Basin. This pair of narrow-angle images from the Mars Orbiter Camera shows the dune as it appeared on July 17, 2002, (left) and as it appeared on April 27, 2005, (right). The nearly three Earth years of intervening time amount to about 1.4 Mars years. During this period, a couple of gullies formed on the dune slip face. It is critical to recognize that the 2002 image was obtained at a time of year when the incident sunlight was coming in from a lower angle, relative to the horizon, than in the 2005 image. If the gullies had been present in 2002, their appearance would be sharper and more pronounced than they are in the 2005 image. The gullies simply did not exist on July 17, 2002. The steep walls of the gully alcove and channels suggests that the sand in this dune is somewhat cohesive, an observation common among martian sand dunes seen by the Mars Orbiter Camera over the past eight years. Wider context for the dune is shown in a mosaic of two images from the Thermal Emission Imaging System on NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter (insert MOC2-1212a), encompassing the dark-toned sand dune field on the floor of a crater located near 49.8 degrees south latitude, 325.4 degrees west longitude. In this image, north is approximately up and sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left. Based on earlier observations of other dune fields with gullies, camera-team scientists suspect that, these gullies form by a process other than water fluidization. An image of a dune in Russell Crater, taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera in March 2001, (insert MOC2-1212c) shows how the morphology of the dune's slip face changes with direction: Gullies form on pole-facing slopes (southwest in this case), while normal slip-face avalanche features ("avalanches" in the figure) are seen on the equator-facing slopes (northwest in this case). Most of the dunes that have gullies on them are located in the Hellespontus and Noachis regions, and are frost-covered during the winter. Based on experience in Antarctica and other cold regions on Earth, it is known that snow and ice can be incorporated into dunes during winter. An example is the layering of snow buried in a sand dune in Victoria Valley, Antarctica, seen in a photograph taken by Michael Malin during the austral summer of 1982-1983 (insert MOC2-1212d). Active sand dunes in cold regions such as Antarctica and northern Canada commonly incorporate wintertime snow as new sand avalanches down a slip face and covers the frozen material. A similar process might occur for middle and high latitude dunes on Mars, although in many cases the "snow" would consist mostly of carbon-dioxide frost, with minimal water ice. What would happen to carbon-dioxide frost incorporated into a martian sand dune? On surfaces that receive early and direct sunlight, the sand would heat and the carbon-dioxide frost would sublime over a period of time, undermining the slope and promoting normal sand sliding. On slopes that were initially shaded and later exposed to direct sunlight, heating would be delayed and the carbon dioxide frost would sublime rapidly. This rapid formation of carbon-dioxide gas may act to fluidize overlying sand, causing it to flow rather than avalanche, and thus create a gully. The Mars Orbiter Camera was built and is operated by Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, Calif. Mars Global Surveyor left Earth on Nov. 7, 1996, and began orbiting Mars on Sept. 12, 1997. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages Mars Global Surveyor for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Credit: NASA/JPL/MSSS/ASU
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mediatype image
date 2005-06-02
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Quebec.TMOA2005153
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ayles_tmo_2005225
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-08-13
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center
identifier ayles_tmo_2005225
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date 2005-08-15
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Irene_AMO_2005227
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date 2005-08-23
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier nwcanada_amo_2005235
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creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy the rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center
identifier USA4.AMOA2005278
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EasternUS.TMOA2005207
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date 2005-07-26
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy the rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center
identifier EasternUS.TMOA2005207
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date 2005
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy the rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center
identifier monarch.TMO2005309
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alas.OMI20050815
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date 2005-08-15
creator NASA -- NASA image and caption information courtesy the OMI Science Team.
identifier alas.OMI20050815
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creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier jamesbay_l5_02jun05
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