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Images of Baltic Sea and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
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Haze over Europe
| Title |
Haze over Europe |
| Description |
This true-color Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) image of central Europe shows an atmospheric low-pressure system centered just south of the Baltic Sea. There is widespread aerosol pollution (gray pixels) over the region that appears to be converging on the low-pressure center. The northern and eastern Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, and the Gulf of Riga remain covered by ice (click on the image above to see the full scene at high resolution). Image courtesy the SeaWiFS Project, [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.html ] NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE |
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Fires in Northeastern Europe
| Title |
Fires in Northeastern Europe |
| Description |
On March 24, 2003, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua satellite captured this image of scattered fires (red dots) in northeastern Europe. Fires are most heavily concentrated in the Russian Federation (north of center) between Lithuania (north) and Poland (south). To the southeast, there are fires in Belarus (top) and Ukraine (bottom). At top left is the Baltic Sea. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC |
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Snow Cover Across Scandinavi
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| Title |
Snow Cover Across Scandinavia |
| Description |
In this mostly cloud-free true-color scene, much of Scandinavia can be seen to be still covered by snow. From left to right across the top of this image are the countries of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and northwestern Russia. The Baltic Sea is located in the bottom center of this scene, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the north (in the center of this scene) and the Gulf of Finland to the northeast. This image was acquired on March 15, 2002, by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modarch.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] (MODIS), flying aboard NASA?s Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] at NASA GSFC |
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Summer Bloom in the Baltic S
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| Title |
Summer Bloom in the Baltic Sea |
| Description |
The Baltic Sea blooms with life two times per year, once in the spring and once in the late summer. This photo-like Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) image shows the deep green swirls of the summer bloom around the Swedish island of Gotland. The summer bloom is usually caused by blue-green algae growing on the surface of the water. The algae thrive when ocean waters are warm and winds are calm. Strong winds would churn the ocean, stirring the plants down into the water?s depths. Different types of blue-green algae grow in these waters, at least one of which, "Nodularia spumigena", is toxic, but it is impossible to tell what kind of algae covers the sea from this image alone. Quite possibly, many different kinds of algae make up this bloom. Unlike the summer bloom, the spring bloom is made up of non-toxic, cold-loving plants called diatoms and dinoflagellates. These tiny plants spread over the surface of the Baltic Sea when spring?s thaw brings a rush of icy-cold water from the land into the sea. Though these blooms occur naturally, human activity can increase the number of widespread blooms. Agricultural and industrial run-off pour fertilizers into the sea, providing the additional nutrients that algae need to form large, dense blooms. Such blooms harm both marine ecosystems and humans. The bacteria that consume the decaying plants suck oxygen out of the water, creating dead zones where fish cannot survive. Large summer blooms can contain toxic algae that are dangerous for humans and other animals. MODIS flying on board NASA?s Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image on July 5, 2005. The image is available in multiple resolutions from the MODIS Rapid Response Team. NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC |
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Summer Bloom in the Baltic S
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nasa, nasanaturalhazards
The Baltic Sea blooms with l
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BalticSea_AMO_2005186
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
July 5, 2005 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
BalticSea_AMO_2005186 |
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Snow Cover Across Scandinavi
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nasa, nasanaturalhazards
In this mostly cloud-free tr
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Scandinavia_M2002074
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2002-03-15 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
Scandinavia_M2002074 |
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Fires in Northeastern Europe
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nasa, nasanaturalhazards
On March 24, 2003, the modis
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NEEurope.AMOA2003083
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2003-03-24 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
NEEurope.AMOA2003083 |
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Scandinavia and the Baltic R
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PIA04337
Sol (our sun)
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroR
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| Title |
Scandinavia and the Baltic Region |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Data from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer's vertical-viewing (nadir) camera were combined to create this cloud-free natural-color mosaic of Scandinavia and the Baltic region. The image extends from 64°N, 0°E in the northwest to 56°N, 32°E in the southeast, and has been draped over a shaded relief Digital Terrain Elevation Model from the United States Geological Survey. It is displayed in an equidistant conic projection. The image area includes southern Norway, Sweden and Finland, northern Denmark, Estonia, Latvia and part of western Russia. Norway's rugged western coastline is deeply indented by fjords. Elongated lakes, formed by glacial erosion and deposition, are characteristic of the entire region, and are particularly dense throughout Finland and Sweden. Numerous islands are present, and a virtually continuous chain of small, scattered islands occur between Sweden and Finland. The northern and eastern waters of the Baltic Sea are almost fresh, since the Baltic receives saltwater only from the narrow and shallow sounds between Denmark and Sweden that connect it to the North Sea. Most of the major cities within the image area are coastal, including St. Petersburg, Stockholm, Helsinki, Riga, and Oslo. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) observes the daylit Earth continuously from pole to pole, and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology. |
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Aerosols over Central and Ea
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PIA04325
Sol (our sun)
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroR
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| Title |
Aerosols over Central and Eastern Europe |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Particulate air pollution is a complex mixture of particles of varying origins and compositions. Determining the type and abundance of tiny airborne particles, known as aerosols, is needed for monitoring air quality and for understanding climate change. During the last weeks of March 2003, unusually high and widespread aerosol pollution was detected over Europe by several satellite-borne instruments. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite determines aerosol amount and information about particle properties by examining the variation in scene brightness at different view angles. These images and data products illustrate the amount of aerosols on two dates over parts of Central and Eastern Europe, from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Adriatic Sea in the south. Two groups of three panels are shown. Within each group, the left and center views are natural-color images from MISR's vertical-viewing (nadir) and most obliquely forward-viewing cameras, respectively, and the right-hand panel is a map of retrieved aerosol amount, parameterized by a quantity called the optical depth. A color scale is used to represent this quantity, and high aerosol amount is indicated by yellow or green pixels, and clearer skies are indicated by blue pixels. The left-hand group of panels is comprised of data acquired on February 23, 2003, when most of the land area was still partially frozen. The right-hand group of panels portrays the same area about one month later, on March 27. The nadir camera enables surface features to stand out most clearly, whereas MISR's oblique cameras enhance sensitivity to even thin layers of aerosols. In the March image, the only strong indications of haze from the nadir view are the thin tendrils of grayish pixels over the dark waters of the Baltic Sea. Although aerosols are conventionally difficult to discern over bright surfaces, MISR is able to produce an aerosol abundance map for both the earlier snow-covered scene and for the later date, though fewer successful retrievals were obtained in the winter data. Skies were relatively clear in the earlier view, and the high optical depths implied by the red pixels are probably blunders due either to the homogeneity of the underlying snow-covered surface or the presence of unscreened clouds. In contrast, the March data show a thick haze over most of the lower-elevation parts of the observed area. Optical depths are relatively lower over the Julian Alps and the mountains of western Croatia (just north of the Adriatic), whereas higher abundances are observed to the north of the mountains and over eastern Croatia. There is a gradual transition from higher optical depths in western Poland to lower optical depths in Lithuania and along the eastern coast of the Baltic. Higher optical depths are also indicated over much of Hungary, Slovakia and eastern Austria. Places where clouds or other factors precluded an aerosol retrieval are otherwise shown in, dark gray. An overview [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=8637 ] of the haze extent and meteorological conditions for March 28, 2003 is also available from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) sensor. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. These data products were generated from a portion of the imagery acquired during Terra orbits 16937 and 17403. The panels cover an area of about 380 kilometers x 1775 kilometers, and use data from blocks 43 to 55 within World Reference System-2 path 190. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory,Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute ofTechnology. |
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