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Fires in the Balkans
Title Fires in the Balkans
Description Scattered fires (red dots) were detected across the Balkans on March 26, 2003, by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite. Countries shown include Italy (left center edge), Greece (below center), and Turkey (right edge). At upper right is the Black Sea, at center is the Aegean Sea, at upper left is the Adriatic Sea, and at bottom left is the Mediterranean Sea. North of Turkey are Bulgaria and Romania. Moving clockwise from top left are Croatia, Yugoslavia, Macedonia, and Albania. The bounded area to the north of Albania is now part of Yugoslavia. North is Bosnia-Herzegovina. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC
Flooding in Croatia
Title Flooding in Croatia
Description Inky black splotches along Croatia?s Sava River show where the river has expanded in a springtime flood. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS) on the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite recorded the top scene on March 29, 2004 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004089-0329/Bosnia.A2004089.1000.721 ]. The region had recently been inundated with heavy rains, which undoubtedly were partially responsible for the floods. However, a Terra MODIS image taken on March 18 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004078-0318/Bosnia.A2004078.1020.721 ], hints that melting snow also contributed to the rising waters. On March 18, snow, shown in light blue in the false-color scenes, covered the Dinaric Alps along the Adriatic Sea. By March 29, most of the snow was gone. The high resolution images provided above are at MODIS? maximum resolution of 250 meter per pixel. Both the March 29 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004089-0329/Bosnia.A2004089.1000 ] image and the March 18 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004078-0318/Bosnia.A2004078.1020 ] image are also available in true-color. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC
Flooding in Croatia
Title Flooding in Croatia
Description Inky black splotches along Croatia?s Sava River show where the river has expanded in a springtime flood. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS) on the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite recorded the top scene on March 29, 2004 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004089-0329/Bosnia.A2004089.1000.721 ]. The region had recently been inundated with heavy rains, which undoubtedly were partially responsible for the floods. However, a Terra MODIS image taken on March 18 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004078-0318/Bosnia.A2004078.1020.721 ], hints that melting snow also contributed to the rising waters. On March 18, snow, shown in light blue in the false-color scenes, covered the Dinaric Alps along the Adriatic Sea. By March 29, most of the snow was gone. The high resolution images provided above are at MODIS? maximum resolution of 250 meter per pixel. Both the March 29 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004089-0329/Bosnia.A2004089.1000 ] image and the March 18 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004078-0318/Bosnia.A2004078.1020 ] image are also available in true-color. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC
Flooding in Croatia: Natural …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
Bosnia_TMO2004078
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-03-29
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Bosnia_TMO2004078
Fires in the Balkans: Natura …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Scattered fires (red dots) w …
Greece.TMOA2003085
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003-03-26
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Greece.TMOA2003085
Storms Stir the Adriatic Sea …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
An intense winter storm race …
Adriatic.OSW2004nov17
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-11-17
creator NASA -- Image provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE. This SeaWiFS image is for research or educational use only. All commercial use of SeaWiFS data and imagery must be coordinated with www.orbimage.com ORBIMAGE.
identifier Adriatic.OSW2004nov17
Aerosols over Central and Ea …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Particulate air pollution is …
PIA04325
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003-02-23
creator NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/ MISR Team. Text by Clare Averill (Acro Service Corporation/JPL)
identifier PIA04325
Haze over Europe: Natural Ha …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Particulate air pollution is …
MISR_PIA04325
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003-03-28
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier MISR_PIA04325
Alba Patera
PIA03774
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys …
Title Alba Patera
Original Caption Released with Image (Released 22 April 2002) The Science This image, centered near 46.5 N and 119.3 W (240.7 E), is on the northwestern flank of a large, broad shield volcano called Alba Patera. This region of Mars has a number of unique valley features that at first glance look dendritic much in the same pattern that rivers and tributaries form on Earth. A closer look reveals that the valleys are quite discontinuous and must form through a different process than surface runoff of liquid water that is common on Earth. A number of processes might have taken place at some point in the Martian past to form these features. Some of the broad valley features bear some resemblance to karst topography, where material is removed underground by melting or dissolving in groundwater causing the collapse of the surface above it. The long narrow valleys resemble surfaces where groundwater sapping has occurred. Sapping happens when groundwater reaches the surface and causes headward erosion, forming long valleys with fewer tributaries than is seen with valleys formed by surface water runoff. The volcano itself might have been a source of heat and energy, which played a role in producing surfaces that indicate an active groundwater system. The Story Fluid, oozing lava poured somewhat lazily over this area long ago. It happened perhaps thousands of times, over hundreds of thousands of Martian years, creating the nearly smooth, plaster-of-Paris-looking terrain seen today. (Small craters also dent the area, though they may deceive you and look like raised bumps instead. That's just a trick of the eye and the lighting - tilt your head to your left shoulder, and you should see the craters pit the surface as expected.) The lava flows came from a Martian "shield" volcano named Alba Patera. Shield volcanoes get their name from their appearance: from above, they look like large battle shields lying face up to the sky as if a giant, geological warrior had lain them down. Perhaps one did if you think of a volcano as a "geologic warrior," that is. These volcanoes aren't too fierce, however. Because of the gentle layering of lava over time, they don't stand tall and angry against the horizon, but instead have relatively gentle slopes and are spread out over large areas. (On Earth, the Hawaiian Islands are examples of shield volcanoes, but you can't see much of their expanse, since they rise almost three miles from the ocean floor before popping out above the water's surface.) What's most interesting in this picture are all of the branching features that lightly texture the terrain. The patterns may look like those caused by rivers here on Earth, but geologists say that no surface streams on Mars were responsible. That's no disappointment, however, to those who'd like to find water on Mars, because there are still intriguing water-related possibilities here. Some of the broad valley features in this image look like karsts, a terrain found on Earth in Karst, a limestone area on the Adriatic, Sea in modern-day Croatia, and in other world regions including France, China, the American Midwest, Kentucky, and Florida. Karst terrain on Earth is barren land with all kinds of caves, sinkholes, and underground rivers that excavate the subsurface, causing the surface above it to collapse. So, perhaps it's like that in this region on Mars as well. Future Martian spelunkers should be excited, because most caves on Earth are in karst areas. Other suggestions of water here are some long, narrow valleys that resemble Earth surfaces where groundwater has sapped away the terrain. Sapping occurs when groundwater erodes slopes, creating valleys. Water action can be concentrated at valley heads, leading to what is called their "headward growth." That may be what has happened here on Alba Patera as well. All of these features suggest the action of liquid water, but Mars is so cold, you might wonder if any water would have to be as frozen as the world it is on. Well . . . that depends! Remember that this area is part of a volcano, and volcanoes can put out enough heat and energy below the surface to keep water warm enough to flow - if not now, then at least in the past when the volcano was more active.
Alba Patera
PIA03774
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys …
Title Alba Patera
Original Caption Released with Image (Released 22 April 2002) The Science This image, centered near 46.5 N and 119.3 W (240.7 E), is on the northwestern flank of a large, broad shield volcano called Alba Patera. This region of Mars has a number of unique valley features that at first glance look dendritic much in the same pattern that rivers and tributaries form on Earth. A closer look reveals that the valleys are quite discontinuous and must form through a different process than surface runoff of liquid water that is common on Earth. A number of processes might have taken place at some point in the Martian past to form these features. Some of the broad valley features bear some resemblance to karst topography, where material is removed underground by melting or dissolving in groundwater causing the collapse of the surface above it. The long narrow valleys resemble surfaces where groundwater sapping has occurred. Sapping happens when groundwater reaches the surface and causes headward erosion, forming long valleys with fewer tributaries than is seen with valleys formed by surface water runoff. The volcano itself might have been a source of heat and energy, which played a role in producing surfaces that indicate an active groundwater system. The Story Fluid, oozing lava poured somewhat lazily over this area long ago. It happened perhaps thousands of times, over hundreds of thousands of Martian years, creating the nearly smooth, plaster-of-Paris-looking terrain seen today. (Small craters also dent the area, though they may deceive you and look like raised bumps instead. That's just a trick of the eye and the lighting - tilt your head to your left shoulder, and you should see the craters pit the surface as expected.) The lava flows came from a Martian "shield" volcano named Alba Patera. Shield volcanoes get their name from their appearance: from above, they look like large battle shields lying face up to the sky as if a giant, geological warrior had lain them down. Perhaps one did if you think of a volcano as a "geologic warrior," that is. These volcanoes aren't too fierce, however. Because of the gentle layering of lava over time, they don't stand tall and angry against the horizon, but instead have relatively gentle slopes and are spread out over large areas. (On Earth, the Hawaiian Islands are examples of shield volcanoes, but you can't see much of their expanse, since they rise almost three miles from the ocean floor before popping out above the water's surface.) What's most interesting in this picture are all of the branching features that lightly texture the terrain. The patterns may look like those caused by rivers here on Earth, but geologists say that no surface streams on Mars were responsible. That's no disappointment, however, to those who'd like to find water on Mars, because there are still intriguing water-related possibilities here. Some of the broad valley features in this image look like karsts, a terrain found on Earth in Karst, a limestone area on the Adriatic, Sea in modern-day Croatia, and in other world regions including France, China, the American Midwest, Kentucky, and Florida. Karst terrain on Earth is barren land with all kinds of caves, sinkholes, and underground rivers that excavate the subsurface, causing the surface above it to collapse. So, perhaps it's like that in this region on Mars as well. Future Martian spelunkers should be excited, because most caves on Earth are in karst areas. Other suggestions of water here are some long, narrow valleys that resemble Earth surfaces where groundwater has sapped away the terrain. Sapping occurs when groundwater erodes slopes, creating valleys. Water action can be concentrated at valley heads, leading to what is called their "headward growth." That may be what has happened here on Alba Patera as well. All of these features suggest the action of liquid water, but Mars is so cold, you might wonder if any water would have to be as frozen as the world it is on. Well . . . that depends! Remember that this area is part of a volcano, and volcanoes can put out enough heat and energy below the surface to keep water warm enough to flow - if not now, then at least in the past when the volcano was more active.
Aerosols over Central and Ea …
PIA04325
Sol (our sun)
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroR …
Title Aerosols over Central and Eastern Europe
Original Caption Released with Image Particulate air pollution is a complex mixture of particles of varying origins and compositions. Determining the type and abundance of tiny airborne particles, known as aerosols, is needed for monitoring air quality and for understanding climate change. During the last weeks of March 2003, unusually high and widespread aerosol pollution was detected over Europe by several satellite-borne instruments. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite determines aerosol amount and information about particle properties by examining the variation in scene brightness at different view angles. These images and data products illustrate the amount of aerosols on two dates over parts of Central and Eastern Europe, from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Adriatic Sea in the south. Two groups of three panels are shown. Within each group, the left and center views are natural-color images from MISR's vertical-viewing (nadir) and most obliquely forward-viewing cameras, respectively, and the right-hand panel is a map of retrieved aerosol amount, parameterized by a quantity called the optical depth. A color scale is used to represent this quantity, and high aerosol amount is indicated by yellow or green pixels, and clearer skies are indicated by blue pixels. The left-hand group of panels is comprised of data acquired on February 23, 2003, when most of the land area was still partially frozen. The right-hand group of panels portrays the same area about one month later, on March 27. The nadir camera enables surface features to stand out most clearly, whereas MISR's oblique cameras enhance sensitivity to even thin layers of aerosols. In the March image, the only strong indications of haze from the nadir view are the thin tendrils of grayish pixels over the dark waters of the Baltic Sea. Although aerosols are conventionally difficult to discern over bright surfaces, MISR is able to produce an aerosol abundance map for both the earlier snow-covered scene and for the later date, though fewer successful retrievals were obtained in the winter data. Skies were relatively clear in the earlier view, and the high optical depths implied by the red pixels are probably blunders due either to the homogeneity of the underlying snow-covered surface or the presence of unscreened clouds. In contrast, the March data show a thick haze over most of the lower-elevation parts of the observed area. Optical depths are relatively lower over the Julian Alps and the mountains of western Croatia (just north of the Adriatic), whereas higher abundances are observed to the north of the mountains and over eastern Croatia. There is a gradual transition from higher optical depths in western Poland to lower optical depths in Lithuania and along the eastern coast of the Baltic. Higher optical depths are also indicated over much of Hungary, Slovakia and eastern Austria. Places where clouds or other factors precluded an aerosol retrieval are otherwise shown in, dark gray. An overview [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=8637 ] of the haze extent and meteorological conditions for March 28, 2003 is also available from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) sensor. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. These data products were generated from a portion of the imagery acquired during Terra orbits 16937 and 17403. The panels cover an area of about 380 kilometers x 1775 kilometers, and use data from blocks 43 to 55 within World Reference System-2 path 190. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory,Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute ofTechnology.
General Description STS-79 Shuttle Mission Imagery
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