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Galaxies Gather at Great Dis
…
| Title |
Galaxies Gather at Great Distances |
| Description |
Astronomers have discovered nearly 300 galaxy clusters and groups, including almost 100 located 8 to 10 billion light-years away, using the space-based Spitzer Space Telescope and the ground-based Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. The new sample represents a six-fold increase in the number of known galaxy clusters and groups at such extreme distances, and will allow astronomers to systematically study massive galaxies two-thirds of the way back to the Big Bang. A mosaic portraying a bird's eye view of the field in which the distant clusters were found is shown at upper left. It spans a region of sky 40 times larger than that covered by the full moon as seen from Earth. Thousands of individual images from Spitzer's infrared array camera instrument were stitched together to create this mosaic. The distant clusters are marked with orange dots. Close-up images of three of the distant galaxy clusters are shown in the adjoining panels. The clusters appear as a concentration of red dots near the center of each image. These images reveal the galaxies as they were over 8 billion years ago, since that's how long their light took to reach Earth and Spitzer's infrared eyes. These pictures are false-color composites, combining ground-based optical images captured by the Mosaic-I camera on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak, with infrared pictures taken by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Blue and green represent visible light at wavelengths of 0.4 microns and 0.8 microns, respectively, while red indicates infrared light at 4.5 microns. Kitt Peak National Observatory is part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tuscon, Ariz. |
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Galaxies Gather at Great Dis
…
| Title |
Galaxies Gather at Great Distances |
| Description |
Astronomers have discovered nearly 300 galaxy clusters and groups, including almost 100 located 8 to 10 billion light-years away, using the space-based Spitzer Space Telescope and the ground-based Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. The new sample represents a six-fold increase in the number of known galaxy clusters and groups at such extreme distances, and will allow astronomers to systematically study massive galaxies two-thirds of the way back to the Big Bang. A mosaic portraying a bird's eye view of the field in which the distant clusters were found is shown at upper left. It spans a region of sky 40 times larger than that covered by the full moon as seen from Earth. Thousands of individual images from Spitzer's infrared array camera instrument were stitched together to create this mosaic. The distant clusters are marked with orange dots. Close-up images of three of the distant galaxy clusters are shown in the adjoining panels. The clusters appear as a concentration of red dots near the center of each image. These images reveal the galaxies as they were over 8 billion years ago, since that's how long their light took to reach Earth and Spitzer's infrared eyes. These pictures are false-color composites, combining ground-based optical images captured by the Mosaic-I camera on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak, with infrared pictures taken by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Blue and green represent visible light at wavelengths of 0.4 microns and 0.8 microns, respectively, while red indicates infrared light at 4.5 microns. Kitt Peak National Observatory is part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tuscon, Ariz. |
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Galaxies Gather at Great Dis
…
| Title |
Galaxies Gather at Great Distances |
| Description |
Astronomers have discovered nearly 300 galaxy clusters and groups, including almost 100 located 8 to 10 billion light-years away, using the space-based Spitzer Space Telescope and the ground-based Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. The new sample represents a six-fold increase in the number of known galaxy clusters and groups at such extreme distances, and will allow astronomers to systematically study massive galaxies two-thirds of the way back to the Big Bang. A mosaic portraying a bird's eye view of the field in which the distant clusters were found is shown at upper left. It spans a region of sky 40 times larger than that covered by the full moon as seen from Earth. Thousands of individual images from Spitzer's infrared array camera instrument were stitched together to create this mosaic. The distant clusters are marked with orange dots. Close-up images of three of the distant galaxy clusters are shown in the adjoining panels. The clusters appear as a concentration of red dots near the center of each image. These images reveal the galaxies as they were over 8 billion years ago, since that's how long their light took to reach Earth and Spitzer's infrared eyes. These pictures are false-color composites, combining ground-based optical images captured by the Mosaic-I camera on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak, with infrared pictures taken by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Blue and green represent visible light at wavelengths of 0.4 microns and 0.8 microns, respectively, while red indicates infrared light at 4.5 microns. Kitt Peak National Observatory is part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tuscon, Ariz. |
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Galaxies Gather at Great Dis
…
| Title |
Galaxies Gather at Great Distances |
| Description |
Astronomers have discovered nearly 300 galaxy clusters and groups, including almost 100 located 8 to 10 billion light-years away, using the space-based Spitzer Space Telescope and the ground-based Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. The new sample represents a six-fold increase in the number of known galaxy clusters and groups at such extreme distances, and will allow astronomers to systematically study massive galaxies two-thirds of the way back to the Big Bang. A mosaic portraying a bird's eye view of the field in which the distant clusters were found is shown at upper left. It spans a region of sky 40 times larger than that covered by the full moon as seen from Earth. Thousands of individual images from Spitzer's infrared array camera instrument were stitched together to create this mosaic. The distant clusters are marked with orange dots. Close-up images of three of the distant galaxy clusters are shown in the adjoining panels. The clusters appear as a concentration of red dots near the center of each image. These images reveal the galaxies as they were over 8 billion years ago, since that's how long their light took to reach Earth and Spitzer's infrared eyes. These pictures are false-color composites, combining ground-based optical images captured by the Mosaic-I camera on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak, with infrared pictures taken by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Blue and green represent visible light at wavelengths of 0.4 microns and 0.8 microns, respectively, while red indicates infrared light at 4.5 microns. Kitt Peak National Observatory is part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tuscon, Ariz. |
|
Galaxies Gather at Great Dis
…
| Title |
Galaxies Gather at Great Distances |
| Description |
Astronomers have discovered nearly 300 galaxy clusters and groups, including almost 100 located 8 to 10 billion light-years away, using the space-based Spitzer Space Telescope and the ground-based Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. The new sample represents a six-fold increase in the number of known galaxy clusters and groups at such extreme distances, and will allow astronomers to systematically study massive galaxies two-thirds of the way back to the Big Bang. A mosaic portraying a bird's eye view of the field in which the distant clusters were found is shown at upper left. It spans a region of sky 40 times larger than that covered by the full moon as seen from Earth. Thousands of individual images from Spitzer's infrared array camera instrument were stitched together to create this mosaic. The distant clusters are marked with orange dots. Close-up images of three of the distant galaxy clusters are shown in the adjoining panels. The clusters appear as a concentration of red dots near the center of each image. These images reveal the galaxies as they were over 8 billion years ago, since that's how long their light took to reach Earth and Spitzer's infrared eyes. These pictures are false-color composites, combining ground-based optical images captured by the Mosaic-I camera on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak, with infrared pictures taken by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Blue and green represent visible light at wavelengths of 0.4 microns and 0.8 microns, respectively, while red indicates infrared light at 4.5 microns. Kitt Peak National Observatory is part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tuscon, Ariz. |
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Galaxies Gather at Great Dis
…
| Title |
Galaxies Gather at Great Distances |
| Description |
Astronomers have discovered nearly 300 galaxy clusters and groups, including almost 100 located 8 to 10 billion light-years away, using the space-based Spitzer Space Telescope and the ground-based Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. The new sample represents a six-fold increase in the number of known galaxy clusters and groups at such extreme distances, and will allow astronomers to systematically study massive galaxies two-thirds of the way back to the Big Bang. A mosaic portraying a bird's eye view of the field in which the distant clusters were found is shown at upper left. It spans a region of sky 40 times larger than that covered by the full moon as seen from Earth. Thousands of individual images from Spitzer's infrared array camera instrument were stitched together to create this mosaic. The distant clusters are marked with orange dots. Close-up images of three of the distant galaxy clusters are shown in the adjoining panels. The clusters appear as a concentration of red dots near the center of each image. These images reveal the galaxies as they were over 8 billion years ago, since that's how long their light took to reach Earth and Spitzer's infrared eyes. These pictures are false-color composites, combining ground-based optical images captured by the Mosaic-I camera on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak, with infrared pictures taken by Spitzer's infrared array camera. Blue and green represent visible light at wavelengths of 0.4 microns and 0.8 microns, respectively, while red indicates infrared light at 4.5 microns. Kitt Peak National Observatory is part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tuscon, Ariz. |
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Great Galactic Buddies
| Title |
Great Galactic Buddies |
| Description |
Like great friends, galaxies stick together. Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have spotted a handful of great galactic pals bonding back when the universe was a mere 4.6 billion years old. The universe is believed to be 13.7 billion years old. Collectively, these great galactic buddies are called galaxy clusters. A typical galaxy cluster can contain hundreds of galaxies and trillions of stars. In this false-color composite, some of the oldest galaxy clusters in the universe pose for Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera. The individual galaxies that make up the distant clusters are shown as red dots in all four images. The green blobs are Milky Way stars along the line of sight, and the blue specks are faint galaxies at various distances along the line of sight. The green and blue data are from a visible-light, ground-based telescope. The cluster at 9.1 billion light-years away (lower right panel) is currently the most distant galaxy cluster ever detected. These images are three-color composites, in which blue represents visible light with a wavelength of 0.4 microns, and green indicates visible light of 0.8 microns. The visible data were captured by the ground-based Mosaic-1 camera at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. Red represents infrared light of 4.5 microns, captured by Spitzer's infrared array camera. |
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Great Galactic Buddies
| Title |
Great Galactic Buddies |
| Description |
Like great friends, galaxies stick together. Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have spotted a handful of great galactic pals bonding back when the universe was a mere 4.6 billion years old. The universe is believed to be 13.7 billion years old. Collectively, these great galactic buddies are called galaxy clusters. A typical galaxy cluster can contain hundreds of galaxies and trillions of stars. In this false-color composite, some of the oldest galaxy clusters in the universe pose for Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera. The individual galaxies that make up the distant clusters are shown as red dots in all four images. The green blobs are Milky Way stars along the line of sight, and the blue specks are faint galaxies at various distances along the line of sight. The green and blue data are from a visible-light, ground-based telescope. The cluster at 9.1 billion light-years away (lower right panel) is currently the most distant galaxy cluster ever detected. These images are three-color composites, in which blue represents visible light with a wavelength of 0.4 microns, and green indicates visible light of 0.8 microns. The visible data were captured by the ground-based Mosaic-1 camera at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. Red represents infrared light of 4.5 microns, captured by Spitzer's infrared array camera. |
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Great Galactic Buddies
| Title |
Great Galactic Buddies |
| Description |
Like great friends, galaxies stick together. Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have spotted a handful of great galactic pals bonding back when the universe was a mere 4.6 billion years old. The universe is believed to be 13.7 billion years old. Collectively, these great galactic buddies are called galaxy clusters. A typical galaxy cluster can contain hundreds of galaxies and trillions of stars. In this false-color composite, some of the oldest galaxy clusters in the universe pose for Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera. The individual galaxies that make up the distant clusters are shown as red dots in all four images. The green blobs are Milky Way stars along the line of sight, and the blue specks are faint galaxies at various distances along the line of sight. The green and blue data are from a visible-light, ground-based telescope. The cluster at 9.1 billion light-years away (lower right panel) is currently the most distant galaxy cluster ever detected. These images are three-color composites, in which blue represents visible light with a wavelength of 0.4 microns, and green indicates visible light of 0.8 microns. The visible data were captured by the ground-based Mosaic-1 camera at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. Red represents infrared light of 4.5 microns, captured by Spitzer's infrared array camera. |
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Great Galactic Buddies
| Title |
Great Galactic Buddies |
| Description |
Like great friends, galaxies stick together. Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have spotted a handful of great galactic pals bonding back when the universe was a mere 4.6 billion years old. The universe is believed to be 13.7 billion years old. Collectively, these great galactic buddies are called galaxy clusters. A typical galaxy cluster can contain hundreds of galaxies and trillions of stars. In this false-color composite, some of the oldest galaxy clusters in the universe pose for Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera. The individual galaxies that make up the distant clusters are shown as red dots in all four images. The green blobs are Milky Way stars along the line of sight, and the blue specks are faint galaxies at various distances along the line of sight. The green and blue data are from a visible-light, ground-based telescope. The cluster at 9.1 billion light-years away (lower right panel) is currently the most distant galaxy cluster ever detected. These images are three-color composites, in which blue represents visible light with a wavelength of 0.4 microns, and green indicates visible light of 0.8 microns. The visible data were captured by the ground-based Mosaic-1 camera at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. Red represents infrared light of 4.5 microns, captured by Spitzer's infrared array camera. |
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Great Galactic Buddies
| Title |
Great Galactic Buddies |
| Description |
Like great friends, galaxies stick together. Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have spotted a handful of great galactic pals bonding back when the universe was a mere 4.6 billion years old. The universe is believed to be 13.7 billion years old. Collectively, these great galactic buddies are called galaxy clusters. A typical galaxy cluster can contain hundreds of galaxies and trillions of stars. In this false-color composite, some of the oldest galaxy clusters in the universe pose for Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera. The individual galaxies that make up the distant clusters are shown as red dots in all four images. The green blobs are Milky Way stars along the line of sight, and the blue specks are faint galaxies at various distances along the line of sight. The green and blue data are from a visible-light, ground-based telescope. The cluster at 9.1 billion light-years away (lower right panel) is currently the most distant galaxy cluster ever detected. These images are three-color composites, in which blue represents visible light with a wavelength of 0.4 microns, and green indicates visible light of 0.8 microns. The visible data were captured by the ground-based Mosaic-1 camera at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson, Ariz. Red represents infrared light of 4.5 microns, captured by Spitzer's infrared array camera. |
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Martian Meteorite
| title |
Martian Meteorite |
| description |
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has found an iron meteorite, the first meteorite of any type ever identified on another planet. The pitted, basketball-size object is mostly made of iron and nickel according to readings from spectrometers on the rover. Only a small fraction of the meteorites fallen on Earth are similarly metal-rich. Others are rockier. As an example, the meteorite that blasted the famous Meteor Crater in Arizona is similar in composition. "This is a huge surprise, though maybe it shouldn't have been," said Dr. Steve Squyres of Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., principal investigator for the science instruments on Opportunity and its twin, Spirit. The meteorite, dubbed "Heat Shield Rock," sits near debris of Opportunity's heat shield on the surface of Meridiani Planum, a cratered flatland that has been Opportunity's home since the robot landed on Mars nearly one year ago. "I never thought we would get to use our instruments on a rock from someplace other than Mars," Squyres said. "Think about where an iron meteorite comes from: a destroyed planet or planetesimal that was big enough to differentiate into a metallic core and a rocky mantle." Rover-team scientists are wondering whether some rocks that Opportunity has seen atop the ground surface are rocky meteorites. "Mars should be hit by a lot more rocky meteorites than iron meteorites," Squyres said. "We've been seeing lots of cobbles out on the plains, and this raises the possibility that some of them may in fact be meteorites. We may be investigating some of those in coming weeks. The key is not what we'll learn about meteorites -- we have lots of meteorites on Earth -- but what the meteorites can tell us about Meridiani Planum." The numbers of exposed meteorites could be an indication of whether the plain is gradually eroding away or being built up. NASA Chief Scientist Dr. Jim Garvin said, "Exploring meteorites is a vital part of NASA's scientific agenda, and discovering whether there are storehouses of them on Mars opens new research possibilities, including further incentives for robotic and then human-based sample-return missions. Mars continues to provide unexpected science 'gold,' and our rovers have proven the value of mobile exploration with this latest finding." Initial observation of Heat Shield Rock from a distance with Opportunity's miniature thermal emission spectrometer suggested a metallic composition and raised speculation last week that it was a meteorite. The rover drove close enough to use its Moessbauer and alpha particle X-ray spectrometers, confirming the meteorite identification over the weekend. Opportunity and Spirit successfully completed their primary three-month missions on Mars in April 2004. NASA has extended their missions twice because the rovers have remained in good condition to continue exploring Mars longer than anticipated. They have found geological evidence of past wet environmental conditions that might have, been hospitable to life. Opportunity has driven a total of 2.10 kilometers (1.30 miles). Minor mottling from dust has appeared in images from the rover's rear hazard-identification camera since Opportunity entered the area of its heat-shield debris, said Jim Erickson of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., rover project manager. The rover team plans to begin driving Opportunity south toward a circular feature called "Vostok" within about a week. Spirit has driven a total of 4.05 kilometers (2.52 miles). It has been making slow progress uphill toward a ridge on "Husband Hill" inside Gusev Crater. *Image Credit*: NASA |
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Dying Star Creates Fantasy-l
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| Title |
Dying Star Creates Fantasy-like Sculpture of Gas and Dust |
| General Information |
What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ] |
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Gravity Probe B Completed Wi
…
| Name of Image |
Gravity Probe B Completed With Solar Arrays |
| Date of Image |
2004-01-01 |
| Full Description |
In this photo, the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) space vehicle is completed during the solar array installation. The GP-B is the relativity experiment developed at Stanford University to test two extraordinary predictions of Albert Einstein?s general theory of relativity. The experiment will measure, very precisely, the expected tiny changes in the direction of the spin axes of four gyroscopes contained in an Earth-orbiting satellite at a 400-mile altitude. So free are the gyroscopes from disturbance that they will provide an almost perfect space-time reference system. They will measure how space and time are very slightly warped by the presence of the Earth, and, more profoundly, how the Earth?s rotation very slightly drags space-time around with it. These effects, though small for the Earth, have far-reaching implications for the nature of matter and the structure of the Universe. GP-B is among the most thoroughly researched programs ever undertaken by NASA. This is the story of a scientific quest in which physicists and engineers have collaborated closely over many years. Inspired by their quest, they have invented a whole range of technologies that are already enlivening other branches of science and engineering. GP-B is scheduled for launch in April 2004 and managed for NASA by the Marshall Space Flight Center. Development of the GP-B is the responsibility of Stanford University along with major subcontractor Lockheed Martin Corporation. (Image credit to Russ Underwood, Lockheed Martin Corporation). |
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Gravity Probe B Inspection
| Name of Image |
Gravity Probe B Inspection |
| Date of Image |
2000-04-12 |
| Full Description |
The space vehicle Gravity Probe B (GP-B) is the relativity experiment developed at Stanford University to test two extraordinary predictions of Albert Einstein?s general theory of relativity. The experiment will measure, very precisely, the expected tiny changes in the direction of the spin axes of four gyroscopes contained in an Earth-orbiting satellite at a 400-mile altitude. So free are the gyroscopes from disturbance that they will provide an almost perfect space-time reference system. They will measure how space and time are very slightly warped by the presence of the Earth, and, more profoundly, how the Earth?s rotation very slightly drags space-time around with it. These effects, though small for the Earth, have far-reaching implications for the nature of matter and the structure of the Universe. GP-B is among the most thoroughly researched programs ever undertaken by NASA. This is the story of a scientific quest in which physicists and engineers have collaborated closely over many years. Inspired by their quest, they have invented a whole range of technologies that are already enlivening other branches of science and engineering. In this photograph, engineer Gary Reynolds is inspecting the inside of the probe neck during probe thermal repairs. GP-B is scheduled for launch in April 2004 and managed for NASA by the Marshall Space Flight Center. Development of the GP-B is the responsibility of Stanford University along with major subcontractor Lockheed Martin Corporation. (Image credit to Russ Leese, Gravity Probe B, Stanford University) |
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Severe Storms Trigger Floods
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| Title |
Severe Storms Trigger Floods in Bangladesh |
| Description |
Heavy rains over an 8-day span from the 12th through the 20th of April 2004, brought widespread flooding to the Sylhet region in northeastern Bangladesh when the Surma and Kushiyara rivers crested above flood stage. The TRMM-based, near-real time Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center monitors rainfall over the global tropics. MPA rainfall totals for the period 12-20 April 2004 show almost 2 feet of rain (darkest red areas) fell over the Khasi Hills, foothills of the Himalayan Mountains, in the northeastern Indian providences of Assam and Meghalaya. A widespread area of 8-inch rainfall extends from eastern Bangladesh through northeastern Indian and over northern Myanmar (Burma). Such heavy rainfall this time of the year is unusual as the typical rainy season runs from June to September. TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA. Image produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC). |
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Severe Storms Trigger Floods
…
| Title |
Severe Storms Trigger Floods in Bangladesh |
| Description |
Heavy rains over an 8-day span from the 12th through the 20th of April 2004, brought widespread flooding to the Sylhet region in northeastern Bangladesh when the Surma and Kushiyara rivers crested above flood stage. The TRMM-based, near-real time Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center monitors rainfall over the global tropics. MPA rainfall totals for the period 12-20 April 2004 show almost 2 feet of rain (darkest red areas) fell over the Khasi Hills, foothills of the Himalayan Mountains, in the northeastern Indian providences of Assam and Meghalaya. A widespread area of 8-inch rainfall extends from eastern Bangladesh through northeastern Indian and over northern Myanmar (Burma). Such heavy rainfall this time of the year is unusual as the typical rainy season runs from June to September. TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA. Image produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC). |
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Severe Storms Trigger Floods
…
| Title |
Severe Storms Trigger Floods in Bangladesh |
| Description |
A series of intense storms have given rise to severe floods in northeastern Bangladesh. By April 20, more than half a million people had been evacuated, and 12 had died in the floods. Bangladesh frequently experiences severe storms during the hot season, and April 2004 has delivered a series of disasters. On April 9 and 10, a strong wind storm took 14 lives and injured nearly 200 when it swept across the country. A few days later, on April 14, two powerful tornadoes flattened over 20 villages in northern Bangladesh, killing at least 76 and injuring over 3,000. Then, on April 19, a severe storm boasting winds of 150 kilometers per hour (93 mph) moved across northeastern Bangladesh, triggering the floods shown in this false-color Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS) image taken on April 22, by the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite. Several rivers across the region had swollen past flood stage. Shown here are the Meghna, right, and its flooded tributaries, and the Jamuna, left. Water also flowed down from the Khasi Hills along the border with India. The hills line the top of the flood region in this image. In these images, vegetation is bright green, water is dark blue, and clouds are light blue. The high resolution images provided above are at MODIS? maximum resolution of 250 meters per pixel. Part of the reason the storms caused so much destruction is the sheer number of people in the country. With well over 900 people per square kilometer, Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Image courtesy Jesse Allen, based on data from the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC |
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Severe Storms Trigger Floods
…
| Title |
Severe Storms Trigger Floods in Bangladesh |
| Description |
A series of intense storms have given rise to severe floods in northeastern Bangladesh. By April 20, more than half a million people had been evacuated, and 12 had died in the floods. Bangladesh frequently experiences severe storms during the hot season, and April 2004 has delivered a series of disasters. On April 9 and 10, a strong wind storm took 14 lives and injured nearly 200 when it swept across the country. A few days later, on April 14, two powerful tornadoes flattened over 20 villages in northern Bangladesh, killing at least 76 and injuring over 3,000. Then, on April 19, a severe storm boasting winds of 150 kilometers per hour (93 mph) moved across northeastern Bangladesh, triggering the floods shown in this false-color Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS) image taken on April 22, by the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite. Several rivers across the region had swollen past flood stage. Shown here are the Meghna, right, and its flooded tributaries, and the Jamuna, left. Water also flowed down from the Khasi Hills along the border with India. The hills line the top of the flood region in this image. In these images, vegetation is bright green, water is dark blue, and clouds are light blue. The high resolution images provided above are at MODIS? maximum resolution of 250 meters per pixel. Part of the reason the storms caused so much destruction is the sheer number of people in the country. With well over 900 people per square kilometer, Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Image courtesy Jesse Allen, based on data from the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC |
|
Severe Storms Trigger Floods
…
| Title |
Severe Storms Trigger Floods in Bangladesh |
| Description |
A series of intense storms have given rise to severe floods in northeastern Bangladesh. By April 20, more than half a million people had been evacuated, and 12 had died in the floods. Bangladesh frequently experiences severe storms during the hot season, and April 2004 has delivered a series of disasters. On April 9 and 10, a strong wind storm took 14 lives and injured nearly 200 when it swept across the country. A few days later, on April 14, two powerful tornadoes flattened over 20 villages in northern Bangladesh, killing at least 76 and injuring over 3,000. Then, on April 19, a severe storm boasting winds of 150 kilometers per hour (93 mph) moved across northeastern Bangladesh, triggering the floods shown in this false-color Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS) image taken on April 22, by the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite. Several rivers across the region had swollen past flood stage. Shown here are the Meghna, right, and its flooded tributaries, and the Jamuna, left. Water also flowed down from the Khasi Hills along the border with India. The hills line the top of the flood region in this image. In these images, vegetation is bright green, water is dark blue, and clouds are light blue. The high resolution images provided above are at MODIS? maximum resolution of 250 meters per pixel. Part of the reason the storms caused so much destruction is the sheer number of people in the country. With well over 900 people per square kilometer, Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Image courtesy Jesse Allen, based on data from the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC |
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Fires in Russia and China
| Title |
Fires in Russia and China |
| Description |
Spring is progressing and fires are increasing across eastern China and southeastern Russia in late April 2004. This image from the 28th shows widespread fire activityprobably agriculturalacross the two countries. Active fire detections made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite have been marked in the scene in yellow. The widespread nature of the fires and the time of year suggests these fires are being set intentionally for agricultural purposes like pasture and farmland clearing. Though not necessarily immediately hazardous, such burning can have a strong impact on climate, weather, human health, and natural resources. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at additional resolutions. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center |
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Typhoon Sudal
| Title |
Typhoon Sudal |
| Description |
Sudal began as a tropical depression back on the 4th of April 2004 in the central West Pacific in the central Caroline Islands southwest of Truk. Over the next two days Sudal slowly gathered strength becoming a Category 1 typhoon on the 6th with maximum sustained winds estimated at 70 knots (81 mph) by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The storm at first tracked off to the northwest but then headed mainly due west passing well south of Guam. By April 7th, Sudal had become a Category 2 storm with winds increasing to 90 knots (104 mph). The storm was then well south of Guam and heading for the Yap Islands and Ulithi Atoll. Sudal continued to intensify becoming a powerful Category 3 storm the next day with winds up to 110 knots (127 mph) on the 8th as it struck the Yap Islands. Sudal then moved northwest into the Philippine Sea and is expected to intensify further before turning to the northeast. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite captured these images of Typhoon Sudal as it was strengthening into a major typhoon. The top image was taken at 7:35 UTC on 6 April 2004. It shows the horizontal distribution of rain rates observed by TRMM. Rain rates in the center swath are from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR), the first and only precipitation radar in space, and rain rates in the outer swath are from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The rain rates are overlaid on infrared (IR) data from the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). In this first image, TRMM shows that Sudal is still rather weak and disorganized with only a limited area of moderate rain (green area) near the center of circulation containing an isolated stronger core (red area) and no evidence of a closed eye. At the time, Sudal was a minimal Category 1 typhoon. The bottom image taken 48 hours later at 7:21 UTC on April 8 reveals a very different looking storm. Sudal now has a well- defined, closed but still rather large eye according to the rain field. The southwestern part of the eyewall contains an area of intense rainfall (darker reds). This intense rain indicates that heat is being released into the storm's center providing the fuel to drive its circulation and possibly strengthen the storm. Rainfall rates in this image are overlaid on visible data. The dark area seen in the visible data adjacent to the intense rain area could be due to a subsidence hole whereby air surrounding strong convection sinks causing clouds to evaporate. At this time, the storm was now at Category 3 with winds at 110 knots. TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA. Images produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC). |
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Typhoon Sudal
| Title |
Typhoon Sudal |
| Description |
Sudal began as a tropical depression back on the 4th of April 2004 in the central West Pacific in the central Caroline Islands southwest of Truk. Over the next two days Sudal slowly gathered strength becoming a Category 1 typhoon on the 6th with maximum sustained winds estimated at 70 knots (81 mph) by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The storm at first tracked off to the northwest but then headed mainly due west passing well south of Guam. By April 7th, Sudal had become a Category 2 storm with winds increasing to 90 knots (104 mph). The storm was then well south of Guam and heading for the Yap Islands and Ulithi Atoll. Sudal continued to intensify becoming a powerful Category 3 storm the next day with winds up to 110 knots (127 mph) on the 8th as it struck the Yap Islands. Sudal then moved northwest into the Philippine Sea and is expected to intensify further before turning to the northeast. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite captured these images of Typhoon Sudal as it was strengthening into a major typhoon. The top image was taken at 7:35 UTC on 6 April 2004. It shows the horizontal distribution of rain rates observed by TRMM. Rain rates in the center swath are from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR), the first and only precipitation radar in space, and rain rates in the outer swath are from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The rain rates are overlaid on infrared (IR) data from the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). In this first image, TRMM shows that Sudal is still rather weak and disorganized with only a limited area of moderate rain (green area) near the center of circulation containing an isolated stronger core (red area) and no evidence of a closed eye. At the time, Sudal was a minimal Category 1 typhoon. The bottom image taken 48 hours later at 7:21 UTC on April 8 reveals a very different looking storm. Sudal now has a well- defined, closed but still rather large eye according to the rain field. The southwestern part of the eyewall contains an area of intense rainfall (darker reds). This intense rain indicates that heat is being released into the storm's center providing the fuel to drive its circulation and possibly strengthen the storm. Rainfall rates in this image are overlaid on visible data. The dark area seen in the visible data adjacent to the intense rain area could be due to a subsidence hole whereby air surrounding strong convection sinks causing clouds to evaporate. At this time, the storm was now at Category 3 with winds at 110 knots. TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA. Images produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC). |
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NASA Selects Mars Exploratio
…
| Title |
NASA Selects Mars Exploration Program Rover for 2003 Mission |
| Description |
In 2003, NASA plans to launch a relative of the now-famous 1997 Mars Pathfinder rover. Using drop, bounce and roll technology, this larger cousin is expected to reach the surface of the red planet in January 2004 and begin the longest journey of scientific exploration ever undertaken across the surface of that alien world. The rover will weigh about nearly 150 kilograms (about 300 pounds) and has a range of up to about 100 meters (110 yards) per sol, or Martian day. Surface operations will last for at least 90 sols, extending to late April 2004, but could continue longer, depending on the health of the rover. One aspect of the Mars rover's mission is to determine history of climate and water at a site or sites on Mars where conditions may once have been warmer and wetter and thus potentially favorable to life as we know it here on Earth. The exact landing site has not yet been chosen, but is likely to be a location such as a former lakebed or channel deposit -- a place where scientists believe there was once water. A site will be selected on the basis of intensive study of orbital data collected by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, as well as the Mars 2001 orbiter and other missions. |
| Date |
07.27.2000 |
|
Daedalia Streak
PIA05807
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Daedalia Streak |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
26 April 2004 This April 2004 Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a dark wind streak on the lee (downwind) side of a small meteor impact crater in western Daedalia Planum. The substrate in this region consists of large lava flows (larger than the image shown here). The winds responsible for the streak came from the east/northeast (right). This picture is located near 15.4°S, 138.1°W, and covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left. |
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Wheel Tracks from Landing Si
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PIA07192
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Wheel Tracks from Landing Site to Hills |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
The three-frame set in figure 2 is a segmented version of the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The images were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. North is up. The location of Spirit's lander, parachute, and backshell are indicated in frame A, and the rover track down toward the Columbia Hills can be traced through A, B, and C. In frame A, "Bonneville Crater" is the largest crater. Spirit drove up to Bonneville's rim and looked inside before driving away toward the southeast. The base of the Columbia Hills is seen in the lower right quarter of frame C. In frame B, notice that the rover track followed along the edge of a lighter-toned streak and wider dark streak, believed to have been formed by a dust devil before Spirit landed. The proximity of the rover to this streak was not recognized in rover images., Wheel tracks left by the NASA rover Spirit's 3-kilometer (2-mile) trek from its landing site to the "Columbia Hills" are visible in this orbital view from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Spirit's rover track shows up nicely from orbit because the surfaces disrupted and churned by the wheels are darker than the surrounding, dust-coated plain. North is up. The largest crater in the view, dubbed "Bonneville Crater," is about 210 meters (230 yards) in diameter. The picture is a composite of Mars Orbiter Camera image R15-02643, taken on March 30, 2004, when Spirit was near the south rim of Bonneville Crater, and image R20-01024, taken Aug. 18, 2004, when Spirit was climbing the hills' western spur, seen in the picture's bottom right corner. "New Dark Streak Near Spirit" In figure 1, frames taken from orbit 20 weeks apart (top pair) and by the NASA rover Spirit at ground level (bottom) show the formation of a new dark streak on the ground in the area where Spirit was driving inside Mars' Gusev Crater in April 2004. The new dark streak and other dark streaks in the area are believed to result from dust devils removing brighter dust from the surface. The upper frames were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera aboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. They are from the same pair of images combined to create the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The orbiter took the upper-left picture on March 30, 2004 (Spirit's 85th martian day, or sol). It took the upper-right picture on Aug. 18, 2004 (Spirit's sol 223). A dark streak occurs in the larger crater in the lower right quarter of the August image. This streak was not present when the March image was obtained. Inspection of the lower image, which was taken by Spirit's navigation camera when the rover was at the rim of this crater on sol 106 (April 20, 2004), reveals that the streak was present by then. Thus, the dust devil must have occurred some time between March 30 and April 20. The dust devil was not observed by the rover. In addition to the formation of this dark streak, another change seems to have occurred at the landing site. The rover track between the lander and Bonneville Crater seems to have faded between March 30 and Aug. 18. This could be an artifact of the different sunlight illumination conditions between the two images, or it may indicate that fine dust settled on the older portions of the track, obscuring it. The Mars Orbiter Camera team plans to re-visit the Spirit lander site from time to time to see what other changes may occur. "Orbital View of Spirit's Neighborhood" |
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Wheel Tracks from Landing Si
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PIA07192
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Wheel Tracks from Landing Site to Hills |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
The three-frame set in figure 2 is a segmented version of the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The images were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. North is up. The location of Spirit's lander, parachute, and backshell are indicated in frame A, and the rover track down toward the Columbia Hills can be traced through A, B, and C. In frame A, "Bonneville Crater" is the largest crater. Spirit drove up to Bonneville's rim and looked inside before driving away toward the southeast. The base of the Columbia Hills is seen in the lower right quarter of frame C. In frame B, notice that the rover track followed along the edge of a lighter-toned streak and wider dark streak, believed to have been formed by a dust devil before Spirit landed. The proximity of the rover to this streak was not recognized in rover images., Wheel tracks left by the NASA rover Spirit's 3-kilometer (2-mile) trek from its landing site to the "Columbia Hills" are visible in this orbital view from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Spirit's rover track shows up nicely from orbit because the surfaces disrupted and churned by the wheels are darker than the surrounding, dust-coated plain. North is up. The largest crater in the view, dubbed "Bonneville Crater," is about 210 meters (230 yards) in diameter. The picture is a composite of Mars Orbiter Camera image R15-02643, taken on March 30, 2004, when Spirit was near the south rim of Bonneville Crater, and image R20-01024, taken Aug. 18, 2004, when Spirit was climbing the hills' western spur, seen in the picture's bottom right corner. "New Dark Streak Near Spirit" In figure 1, frames taken from orbit 20 weeks apart (top pair) and by the NASA rover Spirit at ground level (bottom) show the formation of a new dark streak on the ground in the area where Spirit was driving inside Mars' Gusev Crater in April 2004. The new dark streak and other dark streaks in the area are believed to result from dust devils removing brighter dust from the surface. The upper frames were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera aboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. They are from the same pair of images combined to create the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The orbiter took the upper-left picture on March 30, 2004 (Spirit's 85th martian day, or sol). It took the upper-right picture on Aug. 18, 2004 (Spirit's sol 223). A dark streak occurs in the larger crater in the lower right quarter of the August image. This streak was not present when the March image was obtained. Inspection of the lower image, which was taken by Spirit's navigation camera when the rover was at the rim of this crater on sol 106 (April 20, 2004), reveals that the streak was present by then. Thus, the dust devil must have occurred some time between March 30 and April 20. The dust devil was not observed by the rover. In addition to the formation of this dark streak, another change seems to have occurred at the landing site. The rover track between the lander and Bonneville Crater seems to have faded between March 30 and Aug. 18. This could be an artifact of the different sunlight illumination conditions between the two images, or it may indicate that fine dust settled on the older portions of the track, obscuring it. The Mars Orbiter Camera team plans to re-visit the Spirit lander site from time to time to see what other changes may occur. "Orbital View of Spirit's Neighborhood" |
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Wheel Tracks from Landing Si
…
PIA07192
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Wheel Tracks from Landing Site to Hills |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
The three-frame set in figure 2 is a segmented version of the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The images were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. North is up. The location of Spirit's lander, parachute, and backshell are indicated in frame A, and the rover track down toward the Columbia Hills can be traced through A, B, and C. In frame A, "Bonneville Crater" is the largest crater. Spirit drove up to Bonneville's rim and looked inside before driving away toward the southeast. The base of the Columbia Hills is seen in the lower right quarter of frame C. In frame B, notice that the rover track followed along the edge of a lighter-toned streak and wider dark streak, believed to have been formed by a dust devil before Spirit landed. The proximity of the rover to this streak was not recognized in rover images., Wheel tracks left by the NASA rover Spirit's 3-kilometer (2-mile) trek from its landing site to the "Columbia Hills" are visible in this orbital view from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Spirit's rover track shows up nicely from orbit because the surfaces disrupted and churned by the wheels are darker than the surrounding, dust-coated plain. North is up. The largest crater in the view, dubbed "Bonneville Crater," is about 210 meters (230 yards) in diameter. The picture is a composite of Mars Orbiter Camera image R15-02643, taken on March 30, 2004, when Spirit was near the south rim of Bonneville Crater, and image R20-01024, taken Aug. 18, 2004, when Spirit was climbing the hills' western spur, seen in the picture's bottom right corner. "New Dark Streak Near Spirit" In figure 1, frames taken from orbit 20 weeks apart (top pair) and by the NASA rover Spirit at ground level (bottom) show the formation of a new dark streak on the ground in the area where Spirit was driving inside Mars' Gusev Crater in April 2004. The new dark streak and other dark streaks in the area are believed to result from dust devils removing brighter dust from the surface. The upper frames were taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera aboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. They are from the same pair of images combined to create the orbital view of the NASA rover Spirit's trail from the rover's landing site to the "Columbia Hills." The orbiter took the upper-left picture on March 30, 2004 (Spirit's 85th martian day, or sol). It took the upper-right picture on Aug. 18, 2004 (Spirit's sol 223). A dark streak occurs in the larger crater in the lower right quarter of the August image. This streak was not present when the March image was obtained. Inspection of the lower image, which was taken by Spirit's navigation camera when the rover was at the rim of this crater on sol 106 (April 20, 2004), reveals that the streak was present by then. Thus, the dust devil must have occurred some time between March 30 and April 20. The dust devil was not observed by the rover. In addition to the formation of this dark streak, another change seems to have occurred at the landing site. The rover track between the lander and Bonneville Crater seems to have faded between March 30 and Aug. 18. This could be an artifact of the different sunlight illumination conditions between the two images, or it may indicate that fine dust settled on the older portions of the track, obscuring it. The Mars Orbiter Camera team plans to re-visit the Spirit lander site from time to time to see what other changes may occur. "Orbital View of Spirit's Neighborhood" |
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Flows from Olympus Mons
PIA05689
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys
…
| Title |
Flows from Olympus Mons |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Released 5 April 2004 The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles - with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps, 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation, 3) channels - the clues to liquid surface flow, and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars. This image was collected June 2, 2002 during early northern spring. The relative timing of volcanic flows from Olympus Mons and the formation of the structural feature can be deduced by which flows are cut by the fracture and which flows fill and cross the fracture. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 19.8, Longitude 233 East (127 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. |
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Flows from Olympus Mons
PIA05689
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys
…
| Title |
Flows from Olympus Mons |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Released 5 April 2004 The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles - with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps, 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation, 3) channels - the clues to liquid surface flow, and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars. This image was collected June 2, 2002 during early northern spring. The relative timing of volcanic flows from Olympus Mons and the formation of the structural feature can be deduced by which flows are cut by the fracture and which flows fill and cross the fracture. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 19.8, Longitude 233 East (127 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. |
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Alba Patera Channels
PIA05666
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys
…
| Title |
Alba Patera Channels |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Released 1 April 2004 The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles - with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps, 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation, 3) channels - the clues to liquid surface flow, and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars. The channel shown on the image is near the feature called Alba Patera. It was collected August 22, 2002 during northern spring season. The local time is 4:30pm. The image shows multiple possibly liquid formed channels. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 43.7, Longitude 241.5 East (118.5 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. |
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Alba Patera Channels
PIA05666
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys
…
| Title |
Alba Patera Channels |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Released 1 April 2004 The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles - with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps, 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation, 3) channels - the clues to liquid surface flow, and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars. The channel shown on the image is near the feature called Alba Patera. It was collected August 22, 2002 during northern spring season. The local time is 4:30pm. The image shows multiple possibly liquid formed channels. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 43.7, Longitude 241.5 East (118.5 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. |
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Floodwaters Renew Zambia's K
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PIA04371
Sol (our sun)
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroR
…
| Title |
Floodwaters Renew Zambia's Kafue Wetland |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Not all floods are unwanted. Heavy rainfall in southern Africa between December 2003 and April 2004 provided central Zambia with floodwaters needed to support the diverse uses of water within the Kafue Flats area. The Kafue Flats are home to about one million people and provide a rich inland fishery, habitat for an array of unique wildlife, and the means for hydroelectricity production. The Flats falls between two dams: Upstream to the west (not visible here) is the Izhi-tezhi, and downstream (middle right of the images) is the Kafue Gorge dam. Since the construction of these dams, the flooded area has been reduced and the timing and intensity of the inundation has changed. During June 2004 an agreement was made with the hydroelectricity company to restore water releases from the dams according to a more natural flooding regime. These images from NASA's Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) illustrate surface changes to the wetlands and other surfaces in central Zambia resulting from an unusually lengthy wet season. The Kafue Flats appear relatively dry on July 19, 2003 (upper images), with the Kafue River visible as a slender dark line that snakes from east to west on its way to join the Zambezi (visible in the lower right-hand corner). On July 21, 2004 (lower images), well into the dry season, much of the 6,500-square kilometer area of the Kafue Flats remains inundated. To the east of the Kafue Flats is Lusaka, the Zambian capital, visible as a pale area in the middle right of the picture, north of the river. In the upper portions of these images is the prominent roundish shape of the Lukanga Swamp, another important wetland. The images along the left are natural-color views from MISR's nadir camera, and the images along the right are angular composites in which red band data from MISR's 46° forward, nadir, and 46° backward viewing cameras is displayed as red, green and blue, respectively. In order to preserve brightness variations among the various cameras, the data from each camera were processed identically. Here, color changes indicate surface texture, and are influenced by terrain, vegetation structure, soil type and soil moisture content. Wet surfaces or areas with standing water appear blue in this display because sun glitter makes smooth, wet surfaces look brighter at the backward camera's view angle. Mostly the landscape appears somewhat purple, indicating that most of the surfaces scatter sunlight in both backward and forward directions. Areas that appear with a slight greenish hue can indicate sparce vegetation, since the nadir camera is more likely to sight the gaps between the trees or shrubs, and since vegetation is darker (in the red band) than the underlying soil surface. Areas which preferentially exhibit a red or pink hue correspond with wetland vegetation. The plateau of the Kafue National Park, to the west of Lukanga Swamp, appears brighter in 2004 compared with 2003, which indicates weaker absorption at the red, band. Overall, the 2004 image exhibits a subtle blue hue (preference for forward-scattering) compared with 2003, which indicates overall surface changes that may be a result of enhanced surface wetness. The Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82° north and 82° south latitude. These data products were generated from a portion of the imagery acquired during Terra orbits 19072 and 24421. The panels cover an area of 235 kilometers x 239 kilometers, and utilize data from blocks 100 to 103 within World Reference System-2 path 172. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology. |
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Light-toned Layers in Kasei
PIA06307
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Light-toned Layers in Kasei |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
17 June 2004 This April 2004 Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a fantastic outcrop of alternating light and dark layers in the wall of a crater that impacted into the floor of one of the eastern Kasei Valles flood channels. The history recorded in these layers, while unknown, might include the history of ancient floods in the Kasei Valles system. This crater wall is located near 31.1°N, 54.1°W. The 500 meter scale bar is about 547 yards long. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper right. |
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Spotty Dunes
PIA06724
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Spotty Dunes |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
27 July 2004 Frost-covered dunes develop spots and streaks as they begin to defrost in springtime. This April 2004 Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a suite of north polar dunes in the early stages of the defrosting process. At the time the image was acquired, Mars was only 1 month into the northern spring season. The picture is located near 75.9°N, 266.0°W, and is illuminated by sunlight from the lower left. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) wide. |
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South Polar Dunes
PIA05706
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
South Polar Dunes |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
1 April 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a small patch of dark, windblown sand in the martian south polar region. Throughout the south high latitudes, dark sand has been trapped by wind in craters, pits, and depressions. This example is located near 64.5°S, 9.5°W. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left. |
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Lava Tubes of Olympus
PIA05710
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Lava Tubes of Olympus |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
5 April 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows evidence of two collapsed lava tubes on the southeast flank of the giant martian volcano, Olympus Mons. One runs diagonally across the entire image, the other is shorter and does not extend across the whole image. The shorter one is a series of pits and troughs, rather than a continuous channel. Lava flowed in tubes under the surface, later, the roof of each tube collapsed to form a series of pits and troughs which, in the larger example, eventually coalesced to its present, channel-like form. The image is located near 16.8°N, 132.2°W, and covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the lower left. |
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Gullies in Crater Wall
PIA05711
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Gullies in Crater Wall |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
6 April 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows gullies in the wall of a large impact crater in Newton Basin near 41.9°S, 158.1°W. Such gullies may have formed by downslope movement of wet debris--i.e., water. Unfortunately, because the responsible fluid (if there was one) is no longer present today, only the geomorphology of the channels and debris aprons can be used to deduce that water might have been involved. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left. |
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Oblique Impact
PIA05715
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Oblique Impact |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
7 April 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows the results of an oblique meteor impact near 4.4°S, 10.1°W. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the left. |
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Gullies in Crater
PIA05707
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Gullies in Crater |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
2 April 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows gullies in the wall of a large southern mid-latitude impact crater located near 39.8°S, 202.0°W. The gullies might have formed by transport of water and sediment down these crater slopes. Alternatively, a fluid other than water may have been involved (e.g., carbon dioxide), but most investigators agree that water is most likely. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left. |
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South Polar Mesas and Hills
PIA05709
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
South Polar Mesas and Hills |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
4 April 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a mesa and two hills-each of them a remnant of formerly more extensive layered material--in the south polar region of Mars. The dark streaks were formed by passing dust devils. This picture is located near 64.6°S, 340.5°W. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left. |
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East Candor Layers
PIA05708
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
East Candor Layers |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
3 April 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows dust-mantled layer exposures (left) in east Candor Chasma, one of the troughs of the Valles Marineris system. Erosion of the steeper slope (right) has disrupted the expression of layered material, indicating that some layered materials on Mars may not be recognized as such, depending upon how the materials have been degraded. This image is located near 7.8°S, 65.6°W. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the left. |
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Olympian Flows
PIA05738
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Olympian Flows |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
9 April 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows lava flows and leveed lava channels on the lower northeast flank of the giant volcano, Olympus Mons. The image is located near 20.9°N, 130.5°W, and covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the lower left. |
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Ariadnes Colles
PIA05737
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Ariadnes Colles |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
8 April 2004 The Ariadnes Colles is a cluster of light-toned knobs, mesas, and hills in Terra Cimmeria near 35°S, 188°W. This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows an example of these landforms. They might be the eroded remnants of material deposited in an extremely ancient impact basin. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) across. Sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left. |
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Caterpillar Dunes
PIA06332
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Caterpillar Dunes |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
28 June 2004 Looking somewhat like caterpillars, this April 2004 Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows some of the rounded, wind-eroded sand dune features in a crater in the southern hemisphere near 61.7°S, 160.3°W. For such rounding to occur, the dune sand might need to be somewhat cemented. The picture covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) wide and is illuminated by sunlight from the upper left. |
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Small Dunes in Hellas
PIA06364
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Small Dunes in Hellas |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
4 July 2004 This April 2004 Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a small dune field in southeastern Hellas Planitia near 41.4°S, 275.6°W. The image covers an area about 3 km (1.9 mi) wide, sunlight illuminates the scene from the upper left. |
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Autumn Dust Storm
PIA07034
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
| Title |
Autumn Dust Storm |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
7 November 2004 This Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) image shows a ~3.7 m/pixel (~12 ft/pixel) view of a portion of a small dust storm that occurred during early southern autumn in April 2004. The image is located on the floor of a crater near 57.8°S, 271.0°W. The image covers an area approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) across and is illuminated by sunlight from the upper left. |
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Olympus Mons Lava Flows
PIA05712
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys
…
| Title |
Olympus Mons Lava Flows |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Released 6 April 2004 The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles - with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps, 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation, 3) channels - the clues to liquid surface flow, and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars. This images was collected Aug. 14, 2003 during northern fall. The top of this image shows late stage volcanic flows coming down the side of Olympus Mons and flowing over the cliff-like margin of the volcano. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 13.9, Longitude 228.5 East (131.5 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. |
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Olympus Mons Lava Flows
PIA05712
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys
…
| Title |
Olympus Mons Lava Flows |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Released 6 April 2004 The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles - with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps, 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation, 3) channels - the clues to liquid surface flow, and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars. This images was collected Aug. 14, 2003 during northern fall. The top of this image shows late stage volcanic flows coming down the side of Olympus Mons and flowing over the cliff-like margin of the volcano. Image information: VIS instrument. Latitude 13.9, Longitude 228.5 East (131.5 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. |
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Young and Old Flows
PIA05745
Sol (our sun)
Thermal Emission Imaging Sys
…
| Title |
Young and Old Flows |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Released 9 April 2004 The Odyssey spacecraft has completed a full Mars year of observations of the red planet. For the next several weeks the Image of the Day will look back over this first mars year. It will focus on four themes: 1) the poles -- with the seasonal changes seen in the retreat and expansion of the caps, 2) craters - with a variety of morphologies relating to impact materials and later alteration, both infilling and exhumation, 3) channels -- the clues to liquid surface flow, and 4) volcanic flow features. While some images have helped answer questions about the history of Mars, many have raised new questions that are still being investigated as Odyssey continues collecting data as it orbits Mars. This daytime infrared image was collected Aug. 13, 2003 during southern spring. The upper part of the image shows the relatively young volcanic flows from Arsia Mons, while the bottom exhibits the flow front texture of older flows. The older flows are most likely also from Arsia Mons. Image information: IR instrument. Latitude -27.8, Longitude 237.5 East (122.5 West). 19 meter/pixel resolution. Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. |
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