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Browse All : Images from 1999 and 1997

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Lunar Prospector in Clean Ro …
Title Lunar Prospector in Clean Room
Full Description The fully assembled Lunar Prospector spacecraft is shown mated atop the Star 37 Trans Lunar Injection module. Lunar Prospector represented the first NASA spacecraft to revisit the Moon in 25 years. In December of 1972 Apollo 17 astronauts Gene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt were the last humans to set foot upon the Moon and the last NASA mission to visit the lunar frontier. On January 6, 1998 at 9:28 p.m., Lunar Prospector was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida aboard a Lockheed Martin Athena II rocket. Also onboard were the ash remains of astrogeologist Eugene M. Shoemaker. A scientist from the U.S. Geological Survey, he was detailed to NASA and helped train Apollo astronauts in lunar geology. However, as co- founder of a "rogue string" of comet fragments, his name will forever be linked to the much hearlded Shoemaker-Levy 9 cometary impact of the planet Jupiter in 1995. Lunar Prospector mapped the Moon's elemental composition, gravity fields, magnetic fields and resources. Prospector provided insights into the origin and evolution of the Moon. One of the most significant finds by Lunar Prospector was confirmation that there could be as much as 10 billion tons of subsurface frozen water near the Moon's polar region. The Lunar Prospector mission came to a creative and daring conclusion when on July 31, 1999 at 2:52:00.8 a.m. PDT Mission Control Ames directed the spacecraft to a crash landing into a deep crater near the Moon's South pole. The hope was that the impact might release trapped water vapor. However no visible debris plume was detected by numerous observatories monitoring the event. This lack of direct evidence has not diminished the hope or belief that subsurface frozen water does exist.
Date 01/01/1997
NASA Center Ames Research Center
An Expanding Bubble in Space
Title An Expanding Bubble in Space
Full Description Astronomers, using the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board NASA's Hubble Space Telescope in October and November 1997 and April 1999, imaged the Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635) with unprecedented clarity. For the first time, they are able to understand the geometry and dynamics of this very complicated system. Earlier pictures taken of the nebula with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 1 left many issues unanswered, as the data could not be fully calibrated for scientific use. In addition, those data never imaged the enigmatic inner structure presented here. The remarkably spherical "Bubble" marks the boundary between an intense wind of particles from the star and the more quiescent interior of the nebula. Research Team: Donald Walter (South Carolina State University), Paul Scowen, Jeff Hester, Brian Moore (Arizona State University), Reggie Dufour, Patrick Hartigan and Brent Buckalew (Rice University).
Date 01/13/2000
NASA Center Hubble Space Telescope Center
Quintuplet Cluster
Title Quintuplet Cluster
Full Description Penetrating 25,000 light-years of obscuring dust and myriad stars, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has provided the clearest view yet of one of the largest young clusters of stars inside our Milky Way galaxy, located less than 100 light-years from the very center of the Galaxy. Having the equivalent mass greater than 10,000 stars like our sun, the monster cluster is ten times larger than typical young star clusters scattered throughout our Milky Way. It is destined to be ripped apart in just a few million years by gravitational tidal forces in the galaxy's core. But in its brief lifetime it shines more brightly than any other star cluster in the Galaxy. Quintuplet Cluster is 4 million years old. It has stars on the verge of blowing up as supernovae. It is the home of the brightest star seen in the galaxy, called the Pistol star. This image was taken in infrared light by Hubble's NICMOS camera in September 1997. The false colors correspond to infrared wavelengths. The galactic center stars are white, the red stars are enshrouded in dust or behind dust, and the blue stars are foreground stars between us and the Milky Way's center. The cluster is hidden from direct view behind black dust clouds in the constellation Sagittarius. If the cluster could be seen from earth it would appear to the naked eye as a 3rd magnitude star, 1/6th of a full moon's diameter apart.
Date 09/16/1999
NASA Center Hubble Space Telescope Center
Female Astronauts
Title Female Astronauts
Full Description Astronauts Dr. N. Jan Davis (left) and Dr. Mae C. Jemison (right) were mission specialists on board the STS-47 mission. Born on November 1, 1953 in Cocoa Beach, Florida, Dr. N. Jan Davis received a Master degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1983 followed by a Doctorate in Engineering from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1985. In 1979 she joined NASA Marshall Space Flight Center as an aerospace engineer. A veteran of three space flights, Dr. Davis has logged over 678 hours in space since becoming an astronaut in 1987. She flew as a mission specialist on STS-47 in 1992 and STS-60 in 1994, and was the payload commander on STS-85 in 1997. In July 1999, she transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center, where she became Director of Flight Projects. Dr. Mae C. Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, was born on October 17, 1956 in Decatur, Alabama but considers Chicago, Illinois her hometown. She received a Bachelor degree in Chemical Engineering (and completed the requirements for a Bachelor degree in African and Afro-American studies) at Stanford University in 1977, and a Doctorate degree in medicine from Cornell University in 1981. After receiving her doctorate, she worked as a General Practitioner while attending graduate engineering classes in Los Angeles. She was named an astronaut candidate in 1987, and flew her first flight as a science mission specialists on STS-47, Spacelab-J, in September 1992, logging 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space. In March 1993, Dr. Jemison resigned from NASA, thought she still resides in Houston, Texas. She went on to publish her memoirs, Find Where the Wind Goes: Moments from My Life, in 2001. The astronauts are shown preparing to deploy the lower body negative pressure (LBNP) apparatus in this 35mm frame taken in the science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavor. Fellow astronauts Robert L. Gibson (Commander), Curtis L. Brown (Junior Pilot), Mark C. Lee (Payload Commander), Jay Apt (Mission Specialist), and Mamoru Mohri (Payload Specialist) joined the two on their maiden space flight. The Spacelab-J mission was a joint effort between Japan and the United States.
Date 09/15/1992
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Supernova SN1987A in the Lar …
Title Supernova SN1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Full Description Glittering stars and wisps of gas create a breathtaking backdrop for the self-destruction of a massive star, called supernova 1987A, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby galaxy. Astronomers in the Southern hemisphere witnessed the brilliant explosion of this star on Feb. 23, 1987. Shown in this NASA Hubble Space Telescope image, the supernova remnant, surrounded by inner and outer rings of material, is set in a forest of ethereal, diffuse clouds of gas. This three-color image is composed of several pictures of the supernova and its neighboring region taken with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 in Sept. 1994, Feb. 1996 and July 1997. The many bright blue stars nearby the supernova are massive stars, each more than six times heftier than our Sun. They are members of the same generation of stars as the star that went supernova about 12 million years ago. The presence of bright gas clouds is another sign of the youth of this region, which still appears to be a fertile breeding ground for new stars. In a few years the supernova's fast moving material will sweep the inner ring with full force, heating and exciting its gas, and will produce a new series of cosmic fireworks that will offer a striking view for more than a decade.
Date 02/04/1999
NASA Center Hubble Space Telescope Center
SN1987A in the Large Magella …
Title SN1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Glittering stars and wisps of gas create a breathtaking backdrop for the self-destruction of a massive star, called supernova 1987A, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby galaxy. Astronomers in the Southern Hemisphere witnessed the brilliant explosion of this star on Feb. 23, 1987. Shown in this Hubble telescope image, the supernova remnant, surrounded by inner and outer rings of material, is set in a forest of ethereal, diffuse clouds of gas.
Hubble Clicks Images of Io S …
Title Hubble Clicks Images of Io Sweeping across Jupiter
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Starry Bulges Yield Secrets …
Title Starry Bulges Yield Secrets to Galaxy Growth
General Information What is a Space Science Update? Major Hubble discoveries on NASA television ... Astronomers explain their Hubble discoveries at a press conference, called a Space Science Update (SSU), broadcast on NASA television. The SSU includes a question and answer session with members of the media. The Hubble telescope is uncovering important new clues to a galaxy's birth and growth by peering into its heart ? a bulge of millions of stars resembling a bulbous center yolk in the middle of a disk of egg white. Astronomers have combined information from the Hubble telescope's visible- and infrared-light cameras to show the heart of four spiral galaxies peppered with ancient populations of stars. The top row of pictures, taken by a ground-based telescope, represents complete views of each galaxy. The blue boxes outline the regions observed by the Hubble telescope. The bottom row represents composite pictures from Hubble's visible- and infrared-light cameras. Astronomers combined views from both cameras to obtain the true ages of the stars surrounding each galaxy's bulge. The Hubble telescope's sharper resolution allows astronomers to study the intricate structure of a galaxy's central region. Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1999/34/text/ ]
The Trifid Nebula: Stellar S …
Title The Trifid Nebula: Stellar Sibling Rivalry
The Trifid Nebula: Stellar S …
Title The Trifid Nebula: Stellar Sibling Rivalry
SN1987A in the Large Magella …
Title SN1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Glittering stars and wisps of gas create a breathtaking backdrop for the self-destruction of a massive star, called supernova 1987A, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby galaxy. Astronomers in the Southern Hemisphere witnessed the brilliant explosion of this star on Feb. 23, 1987. Shown in this Hubble telescope image, the supernova remnant, surrounded by inner and outer rings of material, is set in a forest of ethereal, diffuse clouds of gas.
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
Hubble Completes Eight-Year …
Title Hubble Completes Eight-Year Effort to Measure Expanding Universe
A Change of Seasons on Satur …
Title A Change of Seasons on Saturn
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ]
Hubble Images a Swarm of Anc …
Title Hubble Images a Swarm of Ancient Stars
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. This stellar swarm is M80 (NGC 6093), one of the densest of the 147 known globular star clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy. Located about 28,000 light-years from Earth, M80 contains hundreds of thousands of stars, all held together by their mutual gravitational attraction. Globular clusters are particularly useful for studying stellar evolution, since all of the stars in the cluster have the same age (about 15 billion years), but cover a range of stellar masses. Every star visible in this image is either more highly evolved than, or in a few rare cases more massive than, our own Sun. Especially obvious are the bright red giants, which are stars similar to the Sun in mass that are nearing the ends of their lives.
A Closer Encounter with Mars
Title A Closer Encounter with Mars
A Change of Seasons on Satur …
Title A Change of Seasons on Saturn
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ]
A Change of Seasons on Satur …
Title A Change of Seasons on Saturn
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ]
A Change of Seasons on Satur …
Title A Change of Seasons on Saturn
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ]
A Change of Seasons on Satur …
Title A Change of Seasons on Saturn
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ]
A Change of Seasons on Satur …
Title A Change of Seasons on Saturn
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ]
A Change of Seasons on Satur …
Title A Change of Seasons on Saturn
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. Back to top [ #top ]
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly: January 1997 through December 1999
Completed 1999-12-21
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Height Anomaly: January 1997 through December 1999
Completed 1999-12-21
Maryland Drought: Side-by-si …
Title Maryland Drought: Side-by-side Comparison of Liberty Reservoir in 1997 and 1999 (with dates)
Abstract This is a side-by-side image of Maryland's Liberty Reservoir. The image on the left is a Landsat image from July 1997. The image on the right is also a Landsat image, but it was taken in July of 1999 after two consecutive years of drought.
Completed 1999-09-15
Maryland Drought: Side-by-si …
Title Maryland Drought: Side-by-side Comparison of Liberty Reservoir in 1997 and 1999 (without dates)
Completed 1999-09-15
Pacific Temperature Anomalie …
Title Pacific Temperature Anomalies with Graph
Abstract This animation shows the El Nino-La Nina Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly from January 1997 through July 1999. A graph inset shows the global average sea surface temperature fluctuation during this time period.
Completed 2003-09-03
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Temperature, Height, and Wind Anomalies: Jan. 1997 through Dec. 1999
Abstract This animation shows the onset of the very strong 1997 El Niño, followed by its collapse and replacement by La Niña. Anomalously warm waters slosh across the Pacific in late 1997 as El Niño begins and the equatorial trade winds diminish in strength. In May 1998, the El Niño event disperses and is rapidly replaced by its reciprocal phenomenon, La Niña, with anomalously cold water along the eastern equatorial Pacific and a reversal of the wind flow patterns.
Completed 1999-12-21
El Niño-La Niña Cross-sectio …
Title El Niño-La Niña Cross-section of Temperature and Height Anomalies: Jan. 1997 through Dec. 1999
Completed 1999-12-21
Maryland Drought: Zoom down …
Title Maryland Drought: Zoom down to Liberty Reservoir comparing July 1997 and July 1999 (without dates)
Abstract Zoom down to Liberty Reservoir comparing July, 1997 and July, 1999. This animation shows Landsat's view of Maryland's Liberty Reservoir from its normal levels in July of 1997 to its extreme low levels during the drought of 1999.
Completed 1999-09-15
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Temperature and Height Anomaly 3D Isometric View: Jan. 1997 through Dec. 1999
Completed 1999-12-21
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly: January 1997 through March 1999
Completed 1999-04-01
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Temperature and Height Anomaly 3D Side View: Jan. 1997 through Feb. 1999
Completed 1999-04-01
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly: January 1997 through February 1999
Completed 1999-04-01
El Niño-La Niña Cross-sectio …
Title El Niño-La Niña Cross-section of Temperature and Height Anomalies: January 1997 through March 1999
Completed 1999-04-01
Maryland Drought: Zoom down …
Title Maryland Drought: Zoom down to Liberty Reservoir Comparing July 1997 with July 1999 (with dates)
Abstract Zoom down to Liberty Reservoir comparing July, 1997 and July, 1999. This animation shows Landsat's view of Maryland's Liberty Reservoir from its normal levels in July of 1997 to its extreme low levels during the drought of 1999.
Completed 1999-09-15
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Height Anomaly: January 1997 through February 1999
Completed 1999-04-01
El Niño-La Niña Cross-sectio …
Title El Niño-La Niña Cross-section of Temperature and Height Anomalies: Jan. 1997 through Feb. 1999
Completed 1999-04-01
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Temperature and Height Anomaly 3D Isometric View: Jan. 1997 through Feb. 1999
Completed 1999-04-01
El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface …
Title El Niño-La Niña Sea Surface Temperature and Height Anomalies: January 1997 through February 1999
Completed 1999-04-01
X-38: Close-up of Pyrotechni …
Photo Description In these close-ups, the canister containing the seven-foot-diameter X-38 Flight Termination System (FTS) parachute can be seen launching safely away from an aft-end mockup of the X-38 by a pyrotechnic firing system in December 19, 1996, at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. The test was economically accomplished by mounting the mockup of the X-38's aft-end, minus vertical stabilizers, on a truck prior to installation in the X-38.
Project Description The X-38 Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) research project is designed to develop the technology for a prototype emergency crew return vehicle, or lifeboat, for the International Space Station. The project is also intended to develop a crew return vehicle design that could be modified for other uses, such as a joint U.S. and international human spacecraft that could be launched on the French Ariane-5 Booster. The X-38 project is using available technology and off-the-shelf equipment to significantly decrease development costs. Original estimates to develop a capsule-type crew return vehicle were estimated at more than $2 billion. X-38 project officials have estimated that development costs for the X-38 concept will be approximately one quarter of the original estimate. Off-the-shelf technology is not necessarily "old" technology. Many of the technologies being used in the X-38 project have never before been applied to a human-flight spacecraft. For example, the X-38 flight computer is commercial equipment currently used in aircraft and the flight software operating system is a commercial system already in use in many aerospace applications. The video equipment for the X-38 is existing equipment, some of which has already flown on the space shuttle for previous NASA experiments. The X-38's primary navigational equipment, the Inertial Navigation System/Global Positioning System, is a unit already in use on Navy fighters. The X-38 electromechanical actuators come from previous joint NASA, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Navy research and development projects. Finally, an existing special coating developed by NASA will be used on the X-38 thermal tiles to make them more durable than those used on the space shuttles. The X-38 itself was an unpiloted lifting body designed at 80 percent of the size of a projected emergency crew return vehicle for the International Space Station, although two later versions were planned at 100 percent of the CRV size. The X-38 and the actual CRV are patterned after a lifting-body shape first employed in the Air Force-NASA X-24 lifting-body project in the early to mid-1970s. The current vehicle design is base lined with life support supplies for about nine hours of orbital free flight from the space station. ItÕs landing will be fully automated with backup systems which allow the crew to control orientation in orbit, select a deorbit site, and steer the parafoil, if necessary. The X-38 vehicles (designated V131, V132, and V-131R) are 28.5 feet long, 14.5 feet wide, and weigh approximately 16,000 pounds on average. The vehicles have a nitrogen-gas-operated attitude control system and a bank of batteries for internal power. The actual CRV to be flown in space was expected to be 30 feet long. The X-38 project is a joint effort between the Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas (JSC), Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia (LaRC) and Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California (DFRC) with the program office located at JSC. A, contract was awarded to Scaled Composites, Inc., Mojave, California, for construction of the X-38 test airframes. The first vehicle was delivered to the JSC in September 1996. The vehicle was fitted with avionics, computer systems and other hardware at Johnson. A second vehicle was delivered to JSC in December 1996. Flight research with the X-38 at Dryden began with an unpiloted captive-carry flight in which the vehicle remained attached to its future launch vehicle, DrydenÕs B-52 008. There were four captive flights in 1997 and three in 1998, plus the first drop test on March 12, 1998, using the parachutes and parafoil. Further captive and drop tests occurred in 1999. In March 2000 Vehicle 132 completed its third and final free flight in the highest, fastest, and longest X-38 flight to date. It was released at an altitude of 39,000 feet and flew freely for 45 seconds, reaching a speed of over 500 miles per hour before deploying its parachutes for a landing on Rogers Dry Lakebed. In the drop tests, the X-38 vehicles have been autonomous after airlaunch from the B-52. After they deploy the parafoil, they have remained autonomous, but there is also a manual mode with controls from the ground.
Photo Date December 1996
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