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STS-61 Post Flight Press Con
…
STS-61 POST FLIGHT PRESS CON
…
1993
| Description |
STS-61 POST FLIGHT PRESS CONFERENCE JSC1394 - (1993) - 26 Minutes Commander: Richard O. Covey Pilot: Kenneth D. Bowersox Mission Specialists: Kathryn C. Thornton, Claude Nicollier, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, F. Story Musgrave, Thomas D. 'Tom' Akers Dates: December 2-12, 1993 Vehicle: Endeavour OV-105 Payloads: HST SM-01, ICBC, AMOS, and IMAX camera EVA: (Tethered) Replaced HST solar arrays, two sensing units, Wide Field/Planetary Camera II and fuses, COSTAR, magnetometer, and Solar Array Drive Electronics unit Landing site: Runway 33 at Kennedy Space Center, FL |
| Date |
1993 |
|
STS-58 Post Flight Press Con
…
STS-58 POST FLIGHT PRESS CON
…
1993
| Description |
STS-58 POST FLIGHT PRESS CONFERENCE JSC1382 - (1993) - 23 Minutes Commander: John E. Blaha Pilot: Richard A. Searfoss Mission Specialists: M. Rhea Seddon, William Surles 'Bill' McArthur, Jr., David A. Wolf, Shannon W. Lucid Payload Specialists: Martin J. Fettman Dates: October 18-November 1, 1993 Vehicle: Columbia OV-102 Payloads: Spacelab Life Sciences-2 (SLS-2), SAREX-II, OARE, and PILOT Landing site: Concrete runway 22 at Edwards AFB, CA |
| Date |
1993 |
|
Space Shuttle Endeavour in F
…
The Space Shuttle Endeavour
…
1/1/93
| Description |
The Space Shuttle Endeavour thunders into space, powered by three main engines and two solid rocket boosters. Stennis Space Center tests all main engines that power the orbiter during its 8 1/2 minute flight to orbit. |
| Date |
1/1/93 |
|
Visitors Center Educational-
…
Educational programs at the
…
1/1/93
| Description |
Educational programs at the John C. Stennis Space Center Visitors Center reach more than 30,000 students in grades K-8 each year. Pictured here, a group of elementary students view a Space Shuttle Main Engine on display at the Visitors Center. |
| Date |
1/1/93 |
|
Li'l Red Schoolhouse worksho
…
Education specialists at Ste
…
1/1/93
| Description |
Education specialists at Stennis conduct staff development workshops for elementary and secondary teachers of math, science and technology and other subjects as well as specialized workshops conducted in the NASA Li'l Red Schoolhouse. |
| Date |
1/1/93 |
|
Teacher workshops
Education specialists with t
…
1/1/93
| Description |
Education specialists with the NASA Educator Resource Center conduct a wide variety of workshops throughout the year to aid teachers and educators in coming up with new ideas to inspire their students and also in aiding in the integration of technology into their classrooms. |
| Date |
1/1/93 |
|
EPA Environmental Chemistry
…
The Environmental Protection
…
1/1/93
| Description |
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Chemistry Laboratory (ECL) is a national program laboratory specializing in residue chemistry analysis under the jurisdiction of the EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs in Washington, D.C. At Stennis Space Center, the laboratory's work supports many federal anti-pollution laws. The laboratory analyzes environmental and human samples to determine the presence and amount of agricultural chemicals and related substances. Pictured, ECL chemists analyze environmental and human samples for the presence of pesticides and other pollutants. |
| Date |
1/1/93 |
|
Resource Management
Summit Envirosolutions of Mi
…
1/1/93
| Description |
Summit Envirosolutions of Minneapolis, Minnesota, used remote sensing images as a source for groundwater resource management. Summit is a full-service environmental consulting service specializing in hydrogeologic, environmental management, engineering and remediation services. CRSP collected, processed and analyzed multispectral/thermal imagery and aerial photography to compare remote sensing and Geographic Information System approaches to more traditional methods of environmental impact assessments and monitoring. |
| Date |
1/1/93 |
|
MESUR-Pathfinder
This artist's rendition show
…
3/8/93
| Date |
3/8/93 |
| Description |
This artist's rendition shows the descent of the MESUR-Pathfinder through the Martian atmosphere. The lander is unreeled on a 100- meter tether below the parachute to reduce the probability that the parachute will cover the lander after touchdown. One second prior to surface impact a set of four airbags (each is attached to a face of the lander and is comprised of three spherical lobes) is inflated using compressed gas. At surface impact, the tether to the parachute is released and the parachute is carried from the lander by the prevailing winds. The airbags deflate to keep the touchdown shock (the heaviest force the lander will be subjected to) below approximately 50 g's, or 50 times the force of Earth's gravity, as the lander tumbles and slows to a stop at the surface. The three petals on the lander open to establish an upright landing configuration, expose the solar arrays for surface operations and to provide the microrover and other instruments access to the Martian surface. |
|
MESUR-Pathfinder
In this artist's rendition,
…
3/8/93
| Date |
3/8/93 |
| Description |
In this artist's rendition, the MESUR-Pathfinder space vehicle enters the Martian atmosphere and descends to the surface of the planet. After completing the ll-month journey from Earth to Mars and establishing the proper orientation for entry into the Martian atmosphere, the cruise stage containing the equipment used to guide it to Mars is separated from the aeroshell carrying the Pathfinder lander and microrover. The aeroshell enters the atmosphere at a velocity of approximately 6,300 meters per second (14,000 miles per hour). Atmospheric drag resulting from the friction of the aeroshell in the atmosphere causes intense heating of the aeroshell and decelerates the vehicle to approximately 400 meters per second (900 miles per hour) prior to deployment of the parachute. A single parachute is deployed at approximately 10,000 meters (six miles) altitude and separates the lander from the forward portion of the aeroshell which has now been charred by the intense heating. The parachute slows the lander to a velocity of 35 meters per second (78 miles per hour) prior to surface impact. |
|
Hubert Curien
| Description |
Hubert Curien |
| Full Description |
Hubert Curien was born on 30 October 1924 in the Vosges region of eastern France. While a student, he enlisted in the French resistance and was commended for bravery in action. He entered the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris and went on to pursue a research career in crystallography, joining the Sorbonne Mineralogy Laboratory. He was always keen to encourage collaboration between mineralogists and physicists. He was appointed lecturer at the University of Paris in 1949, obtained his PhD in 1951, and became professeur in 1956. From 1968 onwards, he continued with his teaching career at the 'Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI' University, which he left only in 1994, despite all his political duties. Aside from his scientific career, Hubert Curien is known mostly for his managerial and political responsibilities, pursued with commitment, efficiency and vision both in France and in Europe. He left his mark on an impressive number of scientific institutions. From 1966 to 1969, he was Scientific Director for Physics at the CNRS, France's scientific research centre, becoming its Director General in 1969. In 1973, he was given responsibility for reorganising research in France. From 1976 to 1984, he was President of the French space agency (CNES), and from 1984 to1993, served as Minister of Research and Space under four different governments. From 1981 to 1984, he was Chairman of the ESA Council, and he is now still remembered ¿ among his many achievements ¿ as one of the fathers of the Ariane programme and as a promoter of a Europe united through science. From 1994 to 1996, he also headed the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), and in 1993, was elected to the French Academy of Science. For his work, Hubert Curien received the highest distinctions and awards. He was known for his great intelligence and managerial and political abilities, but also for his simplicity, modesty, sense of humour and willingness to listen to others. He died on 6 February 2005, and is survived by his wife, Perrine, and their sons, Nicolas, Christophe and Pierre-Louis. *Credits:* ESA |
| Date |
March 7, 2007 |
|
Ida and Dactyl in Enhanced C
…
| title |
Ida and Dactyl in Enhanced Color |
| date |
08.28.1993 |
| description |
This color picture is made from images taken by the imaging system on the Galileo spacecraft about 14 minutes before its closest approach to asteroid 243 Ida on August 28, 1993. The range from the spacecraft was about 10,500 kilometers (6,500 miles). The images used are from the sequence in which Ida's moon was originally discovered, the moon is visible to the right of the asteroid. This picture is made from images through the 4100-angstrom (violet), 7560 A (infrared) and 9680 A (infrared) filters. The color is 'enhanced' in the sense that the CCD camera is sensitive to near infrared wavelengths of light beyond human vision, a 'natural' color picture of this asteroid would appear mostly gray. Shadings in the image indicate changes in illumination angle on the many steep slopes of this irregular body as well as subtle color variations due to differences in the physical state and composition of the soil (regolith). There are brighter areas, appearing bluish in the picture, around craters on the upper left end of Ida, around the small bright crater near the center of the asteroid, and near the upper right-hand edge (the limb). This is a combination of more reflected blue light and greater absorption of near infrared light, suggesting a difference in the abundance or composition of iron-bearing minerals in these areas. Ida's moon also has a deeper near-infrared absorption and a different color in the violet than any area on this side of Ida. The moon is not identical in spectral properties to any area of Ida in view here, though its overall similarity in reflectance and general spectral type suggests that it is made of the same rock types basically. These data, combined with study of further imaging data and more detailed spectra from the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer, may allow scientists to determine whether the larger parent body of which Ida, its moon, and some other asteroids are fragments was a heated, differentiated object or made of relatively unaltered primitive chondritic material. The Galileo project, whose primary mission is the exploration of the Jupiter system in 1995-97, is managed for NASA's Office of Space Science by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Image Credit*: JPL |
|
High Resolution View of Dact
…
| title |
High Resolution View of Dactyl |
| date |
08.28.1993 |
| description |
This image is the most detailed picture of the recently discovered natural satellite of asteroid 243 Ida taken by the Galileo Solid-State Imaging camera during its encounter with the asteroid on August 28, 1993. Shuttered through the camera's broadband clear filter as part of a 30-frame mosaic designed to image the asteroid itself, this frame fortuitously captured the previously unknown moon at a range of about 3,900 kilometers (2,400 miles), just over 4 minutes before the spacecraft's closest approach to Ida. Each picture element spans about 39 meters (125 feet) on the surface of the moon. More than a dozen craters larger than 80 meters (250 feet) in diameter are clearly evident, indicating that the moon has suffered numerous collisions from smaller Solar System debris during its history. The larger crater on the terminator is about 300 meters (1,000 feet) across. The satellite is approximately egg-shaped, measuring about 1.2 x 1.4 x 1.6 kilometers (0.75 x 0.87 x 1 mile). At the time this image was shuttered, Ida was about 90 kilometers (56 miles) away from the moon, outside this frame to the left and slightly below center. This image was relayed to Earth from Galileo on June 8, 1994. The Galileo project, whose primary mission is the exploration of the Jupiter system in 1995-97, is managed for NASA's Office of Space Science by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Image Credit*: JPL |
|
Asteroid Ida and its Satelli
…
| title |
Asteroid Ida and its Satellite Dactyl in Enhanced Color |
| date |
08.28.1993 |
| description |
During its examination of the asteroid Ida, the Galileo spacecraft returned images of a second object, Dactyl--the first confirmed satellite or moon of an asteroid, the much smaller moon is visible to the right of Ida. Asteroids are small interplanetary bodies of rock or metal that mostly orbit the Sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter, but others are known elsewhere in the solar system. The Galileo spacecraft surveyed Ida in 1993 on its way to explore the Jupiter system in 1995-97. This color picture was made from images taken by the imaging system on the Galileo spacecraft about 14 minutes before its closest approach to asteroid 243 Ida on August 28, 1993. The range from the spacecraft was about 10,500 kilometers (6,500 miles). The images used are from the sequence in which Ida's moon 1993(2433)1 Dactyl was discovered. This picture contains images through the 4100-angstrom (violet), 7560 A (infrared) and 9680 A (infrared) filters. The color is "enhanced" in the sense that the CCD camera is sensitive to near infrared wavelengths of light beyond human vision, a "natural" color picture of this asteroid would appear mostly gray. Shadings in the image indicate changes in illumination angle on the many steep slopes of this irregular body as well as subtle color variations due to differences in the physical state and composition of the soil (regolith). There are brighter areas, appearing bluish in the picture, around craters on the upper left end of Ida, around the small bright crater near the center of the asteroid, and near the upper right-hand edge (the limb). This combination of more reflected blue light and greater absorption of near infrared light, suggest a difference in the abundance or composition of iron-bearing minerals in these areas. Ida's moon also has a deeper near-infrared absorption and a different color in the violet than any area on this side of Ida. The moon is not identical in spectral properties to any area of Ida in view here, though its overall similarity in reflectance and general spectral type suggests that it is made of the same basic rock types. Resolved images of Ida over a full rotation period (4.633 h) allowed detailed shape models to be developed, yielding volumes of 16,000+ -1,900 km cubed for Ida (mean radius, 15.7 km) and 1.4 km cubed for Dactyl (mean radius, 0.7 km, Belton et al., 1995, Nature, v. 374, p. 785- 788). These images and other data collected by the Galileo spacecraft may allow scientists to determine whether these asteroids are pieces of bigger ones that at one time partly melted and differentiated (forming a dense metallic core and rocky crust) or whether these are pieces of material unaltered since their formation during the birth of the Solar System. *Image Credit*: NASA |
|
Ida and Dactyl in Enhanced C
…
| title |
Ida and Dactyl in Enhanced Color |
| date |
08.28.1993 |
| description |
This color picture is made from images taken by the imaging system on the Galileo spacecraft about 14 minutes before its closest approach to asteroid 243 Ida on August 28, 1993. The range from the spacecraft was about 10,500 kilometers (6500 miles). The images used are from the sequence in which Ida's moon was originally discovered, the moon is visible to the right of the asteroid. This picture is made from images through the 4100-angstrom (violet), 7560-angstrom (infrared) and 9680-angstrom (infrared) filters. The color is "enhanced" in the sense that the CCD camera is sensitive to near-infrared wavelengths of light beyond human vision, a "natural" color picture of this asteroid would appear mostly gray. Shadings in the image indicate changes in illumination angle on the many steep slopes of this irregular body, as well as subtle color variations due to differences in the physical state and composition of the soil (regolith). There are brighter areas, appearing bluish in the picture, around craters on the upper left end of Ida, around the small bright crater near the center of the asteroid, and near the upper righthand edge (the limb). This is a combination of more reflected blue light and greater absorption of near-infrared light, suggesting a difference in the abundance or composition of iron-bearing minerals in these areas. Ida's moon also has a deeper near-infrared absorption and a different color in the violet than any area on this side of Ida. The moon is not identical in spectral properties to any area of Ida in view here, although its overall similarity in reflectance and general spectral type suggests that it is basically made of the same rock types. These data, combined with study of further imaging data and more detailed spectra from the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer, may allow scientists to determine whether the larger parent body (of which Ida, its moon, and some other asteroids are fragments) was a heated, differentiated object or made of relatively unaltered primitive chondritic material. The Galileo project, whose primary mission was the exploration of the Jupiter system, was managed for NASA's Office of Space Science by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Image Credit*: NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
|
Asteroid Ida
| title |
Asteroid Ida |
| date |
08.28.1993 |
| description |
This view of the asteroid 243 Ida is a mosaic of five image frames acquired by the Galileo spacecraft's solid-state imaging system at ranges of 3,057 to 3,821 kilometers (1900 to 2375 miles) on August 28, 1993, about 3.5 minutes before the spacecraft made its closest approach to the asteroid. Galileo flew about 2400 kilometers (1,500 miles) from Ida at a relative velocity of 12.4 kilometers per sec (28,000 miles per hour). Asteroid and spacecraft were 441 million kilometers (274 million miles) from the Sun. Ida is the second asteroid ever encountered by a spacecraft. It appears to be about 52 kilometers (32 miles) in length, more than twice as large as Gaspra, the first asteroid observed by Galileo in October 1991. Ida is an irregularly shaped asteroid placed by scientists in the S class (believed to be like stony or stony iron meteorites). It is a member of the Koronis family, presumed fragments left from the breakup of a precursor asteroid in a catastrophic collision. This view shows numerous craters, including many degraded craters larger than any seen on Gaspra. The extensive cratering seems to dispel theories about Ida's surface being geologically youthful. This view also seems to rule out the idea that Ida is a double body. The south pole is believed to be in the dark side near the middle of the asteroid. The camera's clear filter was used to produce this extremely sharp picture. Spatial resolution is 31 to 38 meters (roughly 100 feet) per pixel. A 30-frame mosaic was taken to assure capturing Ida, its position was somewhat uncertain before the Galileo encounter. Galileo shuttered and recorded a total of 150 images in order to capture Ida 21 different times during a five-hour period (about one rotation of the asteroid). Color filters were used at many of these times to allow reconstruction of color images. The Galileo project, whose primary mission was the exploration of the Jupiter system, WAs managed for NASA's Office of Space Science by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Image Credit*: NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
|
Dactyl
| title |
Dactyl |
| date |
08.28.1993 |
| description |
This image is the most detailed picture of Dactyl, a natual satellite (moon) of asteroid 243 Ida. Dactyl was the first moon found orbiting an asteroid. NASA's Galileo spacecraft discovered the tiny moon during a 1993 flyby of Ida while en route to Jupiter. This frame captured the previously unknown moon at a range of about 3,900 kilometers (2,400 miles), just over 4 minutes before the spacecraft's closest approach to Ida. More than a dozen craters larger than 80 meters (250 feet) in diameter are clearly evident, indicating that the moon has suffered numerous collisions from smaller solar system debris during its history. The larger crater on the terminator is about 300 meters (1000 feet) across. The satellite is approximately egg-shaped, measuring about 1.2 x 1.4 x 1.6 kilometers (0.75 x 0.87 x 1 mile). The Galileo project, whose primary mission was the exploration of the Jupiter system, is managed for NASA's Office of Space Science by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *Image Credit*: NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
|
VLA Radio Image of MS 0735.6
…
| Name |
VLA Radio Image of MS 0735.6+7421 |
|
Aaron Cohen
| Title |
Aaron Cohen |
| Full Description |
Aaron Cohen served as NASA Acting Deputy Administrator from February 19, 1992 to November 1, 1992. Mr. Cohen started at NASA's Johnson Space Center in 1962 working on the Apollo program. After Apollo he served as Manager of the Space Shuttle orbiter, directing the development and testing of the orbiter. In 1986 he assumed the position of Johnson Space Center Director. After retiring from NASA in 1993, Mr. Cohen became the Zachry Professor of Engineering at his alma mater, Texas A&M University. |
| Date |
12/20/1982 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Arm in Arm
| Title |
Arm in Arm |
| Full Description |
Backdropped against the blue and white Earth, Mission Specialist (MS) and Payload Commander (PLC) G. David Low and (MS) Peter J.K. Wisoff, wearing Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs), simulate handling of large components in space. Above Endeavour's Payload Bay (PLB), Low, anchored by a Portable Foot Restraint (PFR) Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR) on the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) end effector, maneuvers Wisoff, representing the mass of a large space component. This particular task was rehearsed with eyes toward the servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) or the assembly and maintenance of Space Station. This Extravehicular Activity (EVA), Detailed Test Objective (DTO) was conducted both with and without intentional disturbances from Endeavour's thrusters and movements of the RMS. The SPACEHAB-01 Commercial Middeck Augmentation Module (CMAM)) is visible in the foreground with the Superfluid Helium On Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) payload liquid helium dewar assembly and the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) only partially visible in the aft PLB shadows. The vertical stabilizer and Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pods are silhouetted against the Earth's surface. |
| Date |
06/25/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Artist's Conception of Space
…
| Title |
Artist's Conception of Space Station Freedom |
| Full Description |
Alan Chinchar's 1991 rendition of the Space Station Freedom in orbit. The painting depicts the completed space station. Earth is used as the image's backdrop with the Moon and Mars off in the distance. Freedom was to be a permanently crewed orbiting base to be completed in the mid 1990's. It was to have a crew of 4. Freedom was an attempt at international cooperation that attempted to incorporate the technological and economic assistance, of the United States, Canada, Japan, and nine European nations. The image shows four pressurized modules (three laboratories and a habitat module) and six large solar arrays which were expected to generate 56,000 watts of electricity for both scientific experiments and the daily operation of the station. Space Station Freedom never came to fruition. Instead, in 1993, the original partners, as well as Russia, pooled their resources to create the International Space Station. |
| Date |
1991 |
| NASA Center |
Headquarters |
|
Artist's conception of the d
…
| Title |
Artist's conception of the deployment of the Advanced |
| Full Description |
An artist's concept of the Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS) shown after release from the space shuttle's cargo bay. ACTS was launched on September 12, 1993 and built by Lockheed Martin Astro-Space. The unique feature of ACTS is that it was a "switchboard in the sky" in that it incorporates on-board switching and steerable, spot-beam antenna that allow routing of signals to take place on the spacecraft. ACTS technology was cost-effective (when compared to other satellites) and provided more communication capacity than previous satellites. |
| Date |
9/9/87 |
| NASA Center |
Headquarters |
|
Astronaut Deke Slayton durin
…
| Title |
Astronaut Deke Slayton during World War II |
| Full Description |
This World War II photograph shows future Astronaut Donald "Deke" K. Slayton (on right) and 1st Lt. Ed Steinman (on left) beside a Douglas A-26 bomber in the Pacific Theater of Operations during the summer of 1945. While the exact location is unknown, the photograph was most likely taken on Okinawa. 1st Lt. Slayton was one of only two NASA astronauts to fly combat missions during World War II. Slayton was born in 1924 in Sparta, Wisconsin, and joined the Army Air Force soon after high school. He completed flight training in April 1943, and spent a year in Europe as a B-25 pilot with the 340th Bombardment Group, completing 56 combat missions. In 1944, he returned to the United States for a year before being assigned to Okinawa with the 319th Bombardment Group. As part of the first group to fly combat with the A-26 aircraft, he flew seven combat missions over Japan. Slayton logged more the 6,600 hours of flying time, including 5,100 in jet aircraft. He was named as one of the seven Mercury astronauts in April 1959 and was scheduled to pilot the Mercury- Atlas 7 mission, but a heart condition prevented him from flying. After years of work as the Coordinator of Astronaut Activities and Director of Flight Crew Operations, he was again declared fit to fly in March 1972. Three years later he participated in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project as the Apollo docking module pilot. While he did not fly again, he continued to work for NASA until 1982 in a variety of capacities. He died on June 13, 1993. |
| Date |
1945 |
| NASA Center |
Headquarters |
|
Butterfly Nebula
| Title |
Butterfly Nebula |
| Full Description |
The Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) is back at work, capturing this image of the "butterfly wing"- shaped nebula, NGC 2346. The nebula is about 2,000 light-years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation Monoceros. It represents the spectacular "last gasp" of a binary star system at the nebula's center. The image was taken on March 6, 1997 as part of the recommissioning of the Hubble Space Telescope's previously installed scientific instruments following the successful servicing of the HST by NASA shuttle astronauts in February. WFPC2 was installed in HST during the servicing mission in 1993. At the center of the nebula lies a pair of stars that are so close together that they orbit around each other every 16 days. This is so close that, even with Hubble, the pair of stars cannot be resolved into its two components. One component of this binary is the hot core of a star that has ejected most of its outer layers, producing the surrounding nebula. Astronomers believe that this star, when it evolved and expanded to become a red giant, actually swallowed its companion star in an act of stellar cannibalism. The resulting interaction led to a spiraling together of the two stars, culminating in ejection of the outer layers of the red giant. Most of the outer layers were ejected into a dense disk, which can still be seen in the Hubble image, surrounding the central star. Later the hot star developed a fast stellar wind. This wind, blowing out into the surrounding disk, has inflated the large, wispy hourglass-shaped wings perpendicular to the disk. These wings produce the butterfly appearance when seen in projection. The total diameter of the nebula is about one-third of a light-year, or 2 trillion miles. |
| Date |
03/06/1997 |
| NASA Center |
Hubble Space Telescope Center |
|
CFD Orbiter Model
| Title |
CFD Orbiter Model |
| Full Description |
This is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) computer generated Space Shuttle model. CFD has supplanted wind tunnels for many evaluations of aircraft. As computing power increases and computer models become more sophisticated, CFD will largely replace wind tunnels. |
| Date |
4/1/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Langley Research Center |
|
Cygnus Loop Supernova Blast
…
| Title |
Cygnus Loop Supernova Blast Wave |
| Full Description |
This is an image of a small portion of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, which marks the edge of a bubble-like, expanding blast wave from a colossal stellar explosion, occurring about 15,000 years ago. The HST image shows the structure behind the shock waves, allowing astronomers for the first time to directly compare the actual structure of the shock with theoretical model calculations. Besides supernova remnants, these shock models are important in understanding a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, from winds in newly-formed stars to cataclysmic stellar outbursts. The supernova blast is slamming into tenuous clouds of insterstellar gas. This collision heats and compresses the gas, causing it to glow. The shock thus acts as a searchlight revealing the structure of the interstellar medium. The detailed HST image shows the blast wave overrunning dense clumps of gas, which despite HST's high resolution, cannot be resolved. This means that the clumps of gas must be small enough to fit inside our solar system, making them relatively small structures by interstellar standards. A bluish ribbon of light stretching left to right across the picture might be a knot of gas ejected by the supernova, this interstellar "bullet" traveling over three million miles per hour (5 million kilometres) is just catching up with the shock front, which has slowed down by ploughing into interstellar material. The Cygnus Loop appears as a faint ring of glowing gases about three degrees across (six times the diameter of the full Moon), located in the northern constellation, Cygnus the Swan. The supernova remnant is within the plane of our Milky Way galaxy and is 2,600 light-years away. The photo is a combination of separate images taken in three colors, oxygen atoms (blue) emit light at temperatures of 30,000 to 60,000 degrees Celsius (50,000 to 100,000 degrees Farenheit). Hydrogen atoms (green) arise throughout the region of shocked gas. Sulfur atoms (red) form when the gas cools to around 10,000 degrees Celsius (18,000 degrees Farenheit). |
| Date |
01/01/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Hubble Space Telescope Center |
|
Dr. Mae C. Jemison, First Af
…
| Title |
Dr. Mae C. Jemison, First African-American Woman in Space |
| Full Description |
The first African-American woman in space, Dr. Mae C. Jemison was born on October 17, 1956 in Decatur, Alabama but considers Chicago, Illinois her hometown. She received a Bachelor in Chemical Engineering (and completed the requirements for a Bachelor in African and Afro-American studies) at Stanford University in 1977. Dr. Jemison also received a Doctorate degree in medicine from Cornell University in 1981. After medical school she did post graduate medical training at the Los Angeles County University of Southern California Medical Center. As an area Peace Corps medical officer for Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa, she managed the health care delivery system for U.S. Peace Corps and U.S. Embassy personnel. Jemison's background includes work in the areas of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and reproductive biology. She also developed and participated in research projects on the Hepatitis B vaccine and rabies. Jemison was a General Practitioner and attending graduate Engineering classes in Los Angeles when she was named an astronaut candidate in 1987. She flew her first flight as a science mission specialist on STS-47, Spacelab-J, in September 1992. She was co-investigator for the Bone Cell Research Experiment on that mission. In completing her first space flight, Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes and 23 seconds in space. Jemison resigned from NASA in March 1993. In 1994, she founded and began a term as chair of The Earth We Share (TEWS), an annual international science camp where students, aged 12 to 16, work together to solve current global dilemmas. From 1995- 2002 she was a professor of Environmental Studies at Dartmouth College. She is currently director of the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in developing countries. She is the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame and several corporate boards of directors on the Texas Governor's State Council for Science and Biotechnology Development. Dr. Jemison published her memoirs, Find Where DE:the Wind Goes:Moments from My Life in 2001. She currently resides in Houston, Texas. |
| Date |
07/1992 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Engine test in Ames Full-Sca
…
| Title |
Engine test in Ames Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex |
| Full Description |
NASA aerospace engineers Pete Zell (left) and Dr. William Clifton Horne (right), project director are shown preparing a laser light sheet for a flow visualization test. The subject of their test is Pratt & Whitney's Advance Ducted Propulsor (ADP) demonstrator engine in the Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex (NFAC) 40 x 80 foot Wind Tunnel. Shown standing in the nacelle of the ADP is John Girvin, senior test director at NASA Ames Research Center. |
| Date |
06/03/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Ames Research Center |
|
F-16XL with Custom Paint
| Title |
F-16XL with Custom Paint |
| Full Description |
On October 5, 1993, Langley's F-16XL High Lift jet was rolled out with a dynamic yellow and black paint job for Aero-Dynamic Flow Studies in High Speed Research. |
| Date |
10/5/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Langley Research Center |
|
Standing on the Edge of the
…
| Title |
Standing on the Edge of the Bay |
| Full Description |
Mission Specialist James H. Newman conducts an in-space evaluation of the Portable Foot Restraint (PFR) which will be used operationally on the first Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission and future Shuttle missions. He is positioned on the edge of Discovery's payload bay. Behind him the starboard Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pod can be seen with the soft glow of an Earth limb. |
| Date |
09/16/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Female Astronauts
| Title |
Female Astronauts |
| Full Description |
Astronauts Dr. N. Jan Davis (left) and Dr. Mae C. Jemison (right) were mission specialists on board the STS-47 mission. Born on November 1, 1953 in Cocoa Beach, Florida, Dr. N. Jan Davis received a Master degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1983 followed by a Doctorate in Engineering from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1985. In 1979 she joined NASA Marshall Space Flight Center as an aerospace engineer. A veteran of three space flights, Dr. Davis has logged over 678 hours in space since becoming an astronaut in 1987. She flew as a mission specialist on STS-47 in 1992 and STS-60 in 1994, and was the payload commander on STS-85 in 1997. In July 1999, she transferred to the Marshall Space Flight Center, where she became Director of Flight Projects. Dr. Mae C. Jemison, the first African-American woman in space, was born on October 17, 1956 in Decatur, Alabama but considers Chicago, Illinois her hometown. She received a Bachelor degree in Chemical Engineering (and completed the requirements for a Bachelor degree in African and Afro-American studies) at Stanford University in 1977, and a Doctorate degree in medicine from Cornell University in 1981. After receiving her doctorate, she worked as a General Practitioner while attending graduate engineering classes in Los Angeles. She was named an astronaut candidate in 1987, and flew her first flight as a science mission specialists on STS-47, Spacelab-J, in September 1992, logging 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space. In March 1993, Dr. Jemison resigned from NASA, thought she still resides in Houston, Texas. She went on to publish her memoirs, Find Where the Wind Goes: Moments from My Life, in 2001. The astronauts are shown preparing to deploy the lower body negative pressure (LBNP) apparatus in this 35mm frame taken in the science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavor. Fellow astronauts Robert L. Gibson (Commander), Curtis L. Brown (Junior Pilot), Mark C. Lee (Payload Commander), Jay Apt (Mission Specialist), and Mamoru Mohri (Payload Specialist) joined the two on their maiden space flight. The Spacelab-J mission was a joint effort between Japan and the United States. |
| Date |
09/15/1992 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Fourier Telescope
| Title |
Fourier Telescope |
| Full Description |
Marshall Space and Flight Center's winner of a Research Technology Award worked with the Fourier telescope. This project developed new technology with the aid of advanced computers by allowing an object to be x-rayed using an absorption pattern, then sending this data to the computer where it calculates the data into pixels which in turn develops an image. This new technology is being used in fields of astronomy, astrophysics and medicine. |
| Date |
3/1/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Marshall Space Flight Center |
|
Freedom Space Station Concep
…
| Title |
Freedom Space Station Concept |
| Full Description |
A concept drawing of Space Station Freedom. Freedom was to be a permanently crewed orbiting base in orbit to be completed in the mid 1990's. It was to have a crew of 4. Freedom was an attempt at international cooperation that attempted to incorporate the technological and economic assistance, of the United States, Canada, Japan, and nine European nations. The image shows four pressurized modules (three laboratories and a habitat module) and six large solar arrays which were expected to generate 56,000 watts of electricity for both scientific experiments and the daily operation of the station. Space Station Freedom never came to fruition. Instead, in 1993, the original partners, as well as Russia, pooled their resources to create the International Space Station. |
| Date |
UNKNOWN |
| NASA Center |
Headquarters |
|
STS-55 Rollout
| Title |
STS-55 Rollout |
| Full Description |
The Space Shuttle Columbia rolls to Launch pad 39A from the Vehicle Assembly Building. Already inside the orbiter's cargo bay is the payload for the upcoming STS-55 flight, the D-2 Spacelab module and Unique Support Structure. This will be the second German-managed Spacelab mission. STS-55 is targeted for liftoff at the end of February. |
| Date |
2/7/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Kennedy Space Center |
|
STS-56 Landing
| Title |
STS-56 Landing |
| Full Description |
A four-million-mile journey draws to a flawless ending as the orbiter Discovery lands at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility, Runway 33. Main gear touchdown occurred at 7:37:19 a.m. EDT, April 17, 1993. This was the 15th end- of-mission landing at KSC, the 5th for Discovery. Mission STS-56, the second Space Shuttle flight of 1993, lasted nine days, six hours, eight minutes. On board Discovery are a crew of five and the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science 2 (ATLAS 2), flying for the second time. |
| Date |
4/17/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Kennedy Space Center |
|
STS-56 Launch
| Title |
STS-56 Launch |
| Full Description |
The second try works like a charm as the Space Shuttle Discovery lifts off from Launch Pad 39B on Mission STS-56 at 1:29:00 a.m., EDT, April 8. First attempt to launch Discovery on its 16th space voyage was halted at T-11 seconds on April 6. Aboard for the second Space Shuttle mission of 1993 are a crew of five and the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science 2 (ATLAS 2), the second in a series of missions to study the sun's energy output and Earth's middle atmosphere chemical makeup, and how these factors affect levels of ozone. |
| Date |
4/8/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Kennedy Space Center |
|
STS-57 Launch
| Title |
STS-57 Launch |
| Full Description |
The first flight of the commercially developed SPACEHAB laboratory module begins with the flawless liftoff of the Space Shuttle Endeavour from Launch Pad 39B at 9:07:22 a.m. EDT, June 21, 1993. Also planned for the eight-day flight of Mission STS-57 is the retrieval of the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA). Onboard for the fourth flight of Endeavour are a crew of six: Mission Commander Ronald J. Grabe, Pilot Brian Duffy, Payload Commander G. David Low, and Mission Specialists Nancy Jane Sherlock, Peter J.K. "Jeff" Wisoff, and Janice E. Voss. The first launch attempt on June 20 was scrubbed due to unacceptable weather conditions both at KSC and the overseas contingency landing sites. |
| Date |
6/21/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Kennedy Space Center |
|
STS-57 Launch Preparations
| Title |
STS-57 Launch Preparations |
| Full Description |
Ed Muktarian, a structural engineer with Lockheed Space Operations Co., is assisting with the docking of the Space Shuttle Endeavour at Launch Pad 39B. Muktarian is using a surveying instrument called a zenith nadir plummet to properly align survey plates located both on the pad surface and the mobile launch platform (MLP), which rests atop the crawler and supports the Shuttle. The north-south positioning provided by the plummet is used in conjunction with the east-west alignment accomplished with the highly precise laser docking system on the crawler. Muktarian communicates through his headset with the driver aboard the crawler to insure that the shuttle and MLP are placed in an accurate final position atop the hard stand. Launch of Endeavour on Mission STS-57 is targeted for early June. |
| Date |
4/28/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Kennedy Space Center |
|
STS-58 Launch
| Title |
STS-58 Launch |
| Full Description |
The longest Space Shuttle flight in program history begins at 10:53:10 a.m. EDT with a flawless liftoff from Launch Pad 39B. During the 14 day flight of STS-58, a seven member crew will study extensively the adaptation of the human body to the near-weightless environment of space. Mission Commander is John E. Blaha, Pilot, Richard A. Searfoss, Payload Commander, Dr. M. Rhea Seddon, Mission Specialists, William S. McArthur Jr., David A. Wolf, and Shannon W. Lucid, and Payload Specialist, Martin J. Fettman. |
| Date |
10/18/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Kennedy Space Center |
|
STS-61 Roll-Around
| Title |
STS-61 Roll-Around |
| Full Description |
The Space Shuttle Endeavour is being rolled around from Launch Pad 39A to Launch Pad 39B. The rare pad switch was deemed necessary after contamination was discovered in the Payload Changeout Room at Pad A. The transfer began around noon and was completed about seven hours later. Still to come are the payloads for the upcoming STS-61 mission, the first servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope. |
| Date |
11/15/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Kennedy Space Center |
|
Greg Harbaugh and Mario Runc
…
| Title |
Greg Harbaugh and Mario Runco emerge from airlock |
| Full Description |
STS-54 Mission Specialist Greg Harbaugh (red stripe) and Mission Specialist Mario Runco, both wearing their space suits, pose with Mission Specialist Susan Helms as they emerge from the mid-deck airlock with Helms' assistance. Harbaugh and Runco returned from a series of EVA tasks designed to increase NASA's knowledge of working in space. They tested their abilities to move about freely in the cargo bay, climb into foot restraints without using their hands, and to carry large objects in microgravity. |
| Date |
01/18/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Hubble First Servicing EVA
| Title |
Hubble First Servicing EVA |
| Full Description |
Astronaut F. Story Musgrave, anchored on the end of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm, prepares to be elevated to the top of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to install protective covers on the magnetometers. Astronaut Jeffrey A. Hoffman inside payload bay, assisted Musgrave with final servicing tasks on the telescope, wrapping up five days of space walks. |
| Date |
12/09/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Hubble Images of M100 Before
…
| Title |
Hubble Images of M100 Before and After Mirror Repair |
| Full Description |
This comparison image of the core of the galaxy M100 shows the dramatic improvement in Hubble Space Telescope's view of the universe after the first Hubble Servicing Mission in December 1993. The new image, taken with the second generation Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC-2) installed during the STS-61 Hubble Servicing Mission, beautifully demonstrates that the camera's corrective optics compensate fully for the optical aberration in Hubble's primary mirror. With the new camera, the Hubble explored the universe with unprecedented clarity and sensitivity, and fulfilled its most important scientific objectives for which the telescope was originally built. Image on right: The core of the grand design spiral glazy M100, as imaged by WFPC-2 in its high-resolution channel. WRPC-2's modified optics corrected Hubble's previously blurry vision, allowing the telescope for the first time to cleanly resolve faint structures as small as 30 light-years across in a galaxy tens of millions of light-years away. The image was taken on December 31, 1993. Image on left: For comparison, a picture taken with a WFPC-1 camera in wide-field mode on November 27, 1993, just a few days prior to the STS-61 servicing mission. The effects of optical aberration in HST's 2.4-meter primary mirror blur starlight, smear out fine detail, and limit the telescope's ability to see faint structure. Both Hubble images were "raw," they were not processed using computer image reconstruction techniques that improved aberrated images made before the servicing mission. The Wide Field and Planetary Camera-2 was developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and managed by the Goddard Space Flight Center for NASA's Office of Space Science. |
| Date |
12/31/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Goddard Space Flight Center |
|
Thornton Prepares to Release
…
| Title |
Thornton Prepares to Release Hubble Array |
| Full Description |
To run all their systems, satellites need a way to generate power for months, even years. Most Earth-orbiting spacecraft, like the Hubble Space Telescope, rely on solar cells to recharge their onboard batteries. But solar panels have their own set of problems. They must be lightweight and flexible to fit inside a relatively small launch vehicle. Consequently, they tend to be fragile, and several satellites have had to cope with damaged panels once in orbit. That is what happened to the Hubble Space Telescope. Fortunately, the telescope was designed for on-orbit repairs, and astronauts were able to remove the damaged panel and replace it with a new one. In this image, Astronaut Kathy Thornton releases the old panel into low-Earth orbit during the first Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission in 1993. Earth's gravitation pulled the jettisoned panel toward Earth's atmosphere, where it entered and ultimately burned up. |
| Date |
10/14/1994 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Wisoff on the Arm
| Title |
Wisoff on the Arm |
| Full Description |
Against the blackness of space, Mission Specialist Peter J.K. Wisoff, wearing an extravehicular mobility unit, stands on a Portable Foot Restraint (PFR), Manipulator Foot Restrait (MFR) attached to the End Effector of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), colloquially known as the "robot arm". Wisoff is being maneuvered above Endeavour's payload bay as part of Detailed Test Objective (DTO) extravehicular activity procedures. DTO results will assist in refining several procedures being developed to service the Hubble Space Telescope on mission STS-61 in December 1993. The Earth's surface and Discovery's payload bay are reflected in Wisoff's helmet visor. |
| Date |
06/25/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Low and Wisoff at Work
| Title |
Low and Wisoff at Work |
| Full Description |
Mission Specialist (MS) Peter J.K. Wisoff (bottom), wearing an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), works with the antenna on the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) while Payload Commander (PLC) G. David Low, on the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) robot arm, hovers above. The two astronauts were conducting Detailed Test Objective (DTO) procedures in the payload bay of Endeavour. Low, also suited in an EMU, is anchored to the RMS via a Portable Foot Festraint (PFR) Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR). DTO results will assist in refining several procedures being developed to service the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on mission STS-61 in December 1993. Visible in Endeavour's payload bay (PLB) are the open Spacelab (SL) tunnel adapter hatch (foreground), SPACEHAB-01 (Commercial Middeck Augmentation Module (CMAM) (foreground), and the top of the Superfluid Helium On Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) payload. The astronauts and Endeavour's vertical stabilizer and Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pods are backdropped against the blackness of space. |
| Date |
06/25/1993 |
| NASA Center |
Johnson Space Center |
|
Cast-off: Releasing a Solar
…
| Title |
Cast-off: Releasing a Solar Array |
| Description |
Astronaut Kathy Thornton jettisons a damaged solar array panel into space during Hubble?s first servicing mission in 1993. When the solar panels were replaced, astronauts found a bend in the casing of this panel. The panel couldn?t be returned safely to Earth, and was released into space. Eventually the panel will descend into Earth?s atmosphere, where the friction created by the speed of its fall will burn it up, turning it into a shooting star. Hubble?s solar panels generate power for the telescope by converting sunlight into electricity. The arrays power the telescope and charge its batteries while Hubble is in sunlight. When Hubble moves into the dark portion of its orbit, the batteries provide power. |
|
A Second Look: Replacing the
…
| Title |
A Second Look: Replacing the Wide Field and Planetary Camera |
| Description |
Astronauts remove the Wide Field and Planetary Camera to replace it with its more powerful successor, Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, during Hubble?s first servicing mission in 1993. The camera, shaped something like a grand piano, weighs 610 pounds (277 kg) on Earth, but nothing in space. It can detect stars a billion times fainter than the ones we can see with our eyes. Most of Hubble?s most popular pictures have been taken with this second camera. |
|
Galaxy M100 Resolution Compa
…
| Title |
Galaxy M100 Resolution Comparison |
| General Information |
What is an Early Release Observation? A photograph of a celestial object that demonstrates the performance of a new Hubble camera. What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. This sequence of pictures shows successive steps in optical improvement from ground based telescopes to the newly improved Hubble Space Telescope and demonstrates the unique capability of the repaired HST. HST offers superb resolution, which allows astronomers to distinguish individual afar. in other galaxies. The resolution also allows very faint stars to be seen. This set of pictures demonstrates that the repaired HST can see stars which could never before be detected. |
|
Hubble Sees Changes in Gas S
…
| Title |
Hubble Sees Changes in Gas Shell around Nova Cygni 1992 |
| General Information |
What is an Early Release Observation? A photograph of a celestial object that demonstrates the performance of a new Hubble camera. What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. The Hubble telescope has given astronomers their best look yet at a rapidly ballooning bubble of gas blasted off a star. The shell surrounds Nova Cygni 1992, which erupted Feb. 19, 1992. A nova is a thermonuclear explosion that occurs on the surface of a white dwarf star in a double-star system. The image [right], taken after Hubble's near-sightedness had been corrected, reveals an elliptical and slightly lumpy ring-like structure. The ring is the edge of a bubble of hot gas blasted into space by the nova. Another Hubble picture taken 467 days after the explosion [left] provided the first glimpse of the ring and a mysterious bar-like structure. But the image interpretation was severely hampered by the telescope's blurred vision. |
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