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Test Stand Construction
Construction crews install s …
1/1/64
Description Construction crews install steel reinforcing rods at the base of what became the A-2 test stand. The excavation for the stand went down 50 feet with steel H-beams driven 100 feet deeper to form a foundation for the huge piers of the test stand.
Date 1/1/64
Canal Waterway
This aerial view shows the l …
1/1/64
Description This aerial view shows the locks system in the man-made canal at Stennis Space Center.
Date 1/1/64
Building a Test Stand
An enormous crater marks the …
1/1/64
Description An enormous crater marks the site where the A-2 test stand was being built in 1964 at the Mississippi Test Operations.
Date 1/1/64
Listening to Ranger 6
title Listening to Ranger 6
date 02.02.1964
description An audience at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory listens to a description of the final moments of Ranger 6 in 1964. Ranger 6 impacted the Moon as planned on Feb. 2, 1964, but a malfunction disabled its camera system. *Image Credit*: NASA
Mariner 4
title Mariner 4
description An illustration of NASA's Mariner 4 spacecraft, the first successful mission to Mars. Mariner 4 was launched November 28, 1964 on a 228-day mission to Mars. The spacecraft carried instruments for eight interplanetary and planetary experiments including a TV camera. Mariner 4 passed Mars at a distance of 9,868 kilometers (6,118 miles), recording and transmitting to Earth our first close-up picture of the red planet. In 21 and a fraction of a 22nd picture, Mariner's TV camera scanned about one percent of the Martian surface, revealing ancient craters of varying size. Planetary science data, including pictures, were trasmitted over distances ranging from 215 million to 240 kilometers (134 million to 150 million miles). *Image Credit*: NASA
Mariner 4
title Mariner 4
date 11.28.1964
description Mariner 4 was the fourth in a series of spacecraft used for planetary exploration in a flyby mode and represented the first successful flyby of the planet Mars, returning the first pictures of the martian surface. It was designed to conduct closeup scientific observations of Mars and to transmit these observations to earth. Other mission objectives were to perform field and particle measurements in interplanetary space in the vicinity of Mars and to provide experience in and knowledge of the engineering capabilities for interplanetary flights of long duration. *Image Credit*: NASA
LBJ's Mariner Photos
title LBJ's Mariner Photos
date 01.01.1964
description Dr. William H. Pickering (left), Directory of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, presents Mariner spacecraft photos to President Lyndon Baines Johnson in 1964. *Image Credit*: NASA
First U.S. Image of the Moon
title First U.S. Image of the Moon
date 07.31.1964
description Ranger 7 took this image, the first picture of the Moon by a U.S. spacecraft, on July 31, 1964 at 13:09 UT (9:09 AM EDT) about 17 minutes before impacting the lunar surface. The area photographed is centered at 13 S, 10 W and covers about 360 km from top to bottom. The large crater at center right is the 108 km diameter Alphonsus. Above it is Ptolemaeus and below it Arzachel. The terminator is at the bottom right corner. Mare Nubium is at center and left. North is at about 11:00 at the center of the frame. The Ranger 7 impact site is off the frame, to the left of the upper left corner. (Ranger 7, B001) The Ranger series of spacecraft were designed solely to take high-quality pictures of the Moon and transmit them back to Earth in real time. The images were to be used for scientific study, as well as selecting landing sites for the Apollo Moon missions. Ranger 7 was the first of the Ranger series to be entirely successful. It transmitted 4,308 high-quality images over the last 17 minutes of flight, the final image having a resolution of 0.5 meter/pixel. Ranger 7 was launched July 28, 1964 and arrived at the Moon on July 31, 1964. *Image Credit*: NASA
Mariner 3
title Mariner 3
date 11.05.1964
description Mariner 3 was a 260 kg solar-cell and battery-powered spacecraft designed to make scientific measurements in the vicinity of Mars and to obtain photographs of the planet's surface and transmit these to Earth. It was intended that the spacecraft would encounter Mars after a 325-million mile journey in a little less than 8 months. A protective shield failed to eject after the spacecraft had passed through the atmosphere. None of the instrument sensors were uncovered, and the added weight prevented the spacecraft from attaining its prescribed Mars trajectory. *Image Credit*: NASA
Mariner 3
title Mariner 3
date 11.05.1964
description NASA approved two probes for the Mariner-Mars 1964 project in November 1962. The primary goal of the two spacecraft was to photograph the Martian surface using a single TV camera fixed on a scan platform that could return up to twenty-one pictures after an eight-month journey. During the launch of Mariner 3, the first of the two probes, the booster payload shroud failed to separate from the payload. Additionally, battery power mysteriously dropped to zero (at T+8 hours 43 minutes), and the spacecraft's solar panels apparently never unfurled to replenish the power supply. As a result, ground control lost contact with the spacecraft, which eventually entered heliocentric orbit. A later investigation indicated that the shroud's inner fiberglass layer had separated from the shroud's outer skin, thus preventing jettisoning.
Lunar Landing Research Vehic …
Title Lunar Landing Research Vehicle in Flight
Full Description This 1964 NASA Flight Reserch Center photograph shows the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) Number 1 in flight at the South Base of Edwards Air Force Base. When Apollo planning was underway in 1960, NASA was looking for a simulator to profile the descent to the moon's surface. Three concepts emerged: an electronic simulator, a tethered device, and the ambitious Dryden contribution, a free-flying vehicle. All three became serious projects, but eventually the NASA Flight Research Center's (FRC) Landing Research Vehicle became the most important.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Dryden Flight Research Center
M-1 Model in Hypersonic Tunn …
Title M-1 Model in Hypersonic Tunnel
Full Description An engineer mounts a model of the M-1 Lifting Body in the throat of the 3.5 Foot Hypersonic Tunnel at the Nasa Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Ames Research Center
M2-F1 in Tow
Title M2-F1 in Tow
Full Description The M2-F1 lifting body is seen here being towed behind a C-47 at the Flight Research Center (later redesignated the Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California. The wingless, lifting body aircraft design was initially conceived as a means of landing an aircraft horizontally after atmospheric re-entry. The absence of wings would make the extreme heat of re-entry less damaging to the vehicle.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Dryden Flight Research Center
M2-F1 In Tow Flight
Title M2-F1 In Tow Flight
Full Description The M2-F1 lifting body is seen here under tow at the Flight Research Center (later redesignated the Dryden Flight Research Center), Edwards, California. The wingless, lifting body aircraft design was initially conceived as a means of landing an aircraft horizontally after atmospheric reentry. The absence of wings would make the extreme heat of re-entry less damaging to the vehicle. In 1962, Dryden management approved a program to build a lightweight, unpowered lifting body as a prototype to flight test the wingless concept. It would look like a "flying bathtub," and was designated the M2-F1, the "M" referring to "manned" and "F" referring to "flight" version. It featured a plywood shell placed over a tubular steel frame crafted at Dryden. Construction was completed in 1963. The first flight tests of the M2-F1 were over Rogers Dry Lake at the end of a tow rope attached to a hopped-up Pontiac convertible driven at speeds up to about 120 mph. These initial tests produced enough flight data about the M2-F1 to proceed with flights behind a NASA C-47 tow plane at greater altitudes. The C-47 took the craft to an altitude of 12,000 feet where free flights back to Rogers Dry Lake began.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Dryden Flight Research Center
Mariner photos presented to …
Title Mariner photos presented to President Johnson
Full Description Dr. William H. Pickering, (left) Director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory presents Mariner spacecraft photos to President Lyndon Baines Johnson.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Aerial View of Missile Row
Title Aerial View of Missile Row
Full Description Overall aerial view of Missile Row, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The view is looking north, with the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) under construction, in the upper left hand corner.
Date 11/13/1964
NASA Center Kennedy Space Center
Aerosol Particle Analyzer at …
Title Aerosol Particle Analyzer at the ERC
Full Description This Aerosol Particle Analyzer, being displayed by Theresa Thibodeau of the Instrumentation Laboratory, was flown on one of the Apollo earth orbital flights. The device measured content of microscopic bits of solid of liquid matter in the spaceship cabin for possible effect on the well-being of the astronaut or the reliability of the electronic equipment. The ERC opened in September 1964, taking over the administration of contracts, grants, and other NASA business in New England from the antecedent North Eastern Operations Office (created in July 1962), and closed in June 1970. It served to develop the space agencys in-house expertise in electronics during the Apollo era. A second key function was to serve as a graduate and post- graduate training center within the framework of a regional government-industry-university alliance. Research at the ERC was conducted in ten different laboratories: space guidance, systems, computers, instrumentation research, space optics, power conditioning and distribution, microwave radiation, electronics components, qualifications and standards, and control and information systems. Researchers investigated such areas as microwave and laser communications, the miniaturization and radiation resistance of electronic components, guidance and control systems, photovoltaic energy conversion, information display devices, instrumentation, and computers and data processing. Although the only NASA Center ever closed, the ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure in June 1970.
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
Massive Magnetic Core
Title Massive Magnetic Core
Full Description The massive magnetic core of the Space Radiation Effects Laboratory's Synchrocyclotron at NASA's Langley Research Center. The 3000 ton (6 million pound), 36' x 21'x 19.5' assembly of forged steel serves as the heart of the 600 million electron volt, high energy proton accelerator.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Langley Research Center
Alfred J. Eggers
Title Alfred J. Eggers
Full Description Alfred J. Eggers served as NASA's Assistant Administrator for Policy from January 1968 through March 1971. After that he accepted a position as Assistant Director for Research Applications at the National Science Foundation. Dr. Eggers came to the NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) Ames Aeronautical Laboratory in 1944 from the Navy's V- 12 college program. In 1954 he was made Division Chief of the Vehicle Environment Division. This Division was comprised of a physics branch, an entry simulation branch, a structural dynamics branch, the 3.5 foot hypersonic wind tunnel branch and the hypervelocity ballistic range branch. In 1958 Dr. Eggers headed up the Manned Satellite Team which was to consider design problems and propose a practical system for a satellite while recommending a suitable research program. This ultimately lead to Ames developing and managing the highly successful Pioneer program. Dr. Eggers specialized in hypersonic and spaceflight research including the development of new wind tunnel and ballistic range facilities. In May of 1964 Dr. Eggers was appointed Deputy Associate Administrator for Advanced Research and Technology.
Date 01/01/1956
NASA Center Ames Research Center
NASA Astronauts Desert Survi …
Title NASA Astronauts Desert Survival Training
Full Description Fourteen NASA astronauts pose for group pictures at Stead Air Force Base in Nevada after a three-day stay in the Nevada desert where they completed a course in desert survival training. Front row: (left to right) William Anders, Walter Cunningham, Roger Chaffee, Richard Gordon, and Michael Collins. Second row: (left to right) Clifton Williams, Eugene Cernan, David Scott, Donn Eisele, Russell Schweickart, Edwin Aldrin, Alan Bean, Charles Bassett and Theodore Freeman.
Date 1/1/1964
NASA Center Headquarters
Nimbus, Meteorological Satel …
Title Nimbus, Meteorological Satellite
Full Description Nimbus-5 stabilization control prototype subsystem being delicately balanced during development tests of NASA's meteorological satellite. The tests were conducted at the General Electric Valley Forge, Pennsylvania plant. Nimbus was a NASA program to develop observation systems for atmospheric and Earth science satellites. Nimbus-5 was launched on December 10, 1972, from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, and was operational until March 29, 1983. The Horizon scanning equipment in the spacecraft locates the Earth's horizon, as simulated by the forward edge of the circular chamber, to keep it in proper position (pointed at the Earth at all times) as it makes its flight around the Earth. The first Nimbus was launched in 1964.
Date 12/10/1972
NASA Center Headquarters
Nimbus-A, Weather Satellite
Title Nimbus-A, Weather Satellite
Full Description Nimbus-A, an advanced meteorological satellite, was launched August 28, 1964, from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, on a Thor-Agena B launch vehicle. The satellite was designed in two sections. The lower circular ring housed the meteorological sensors and electronics. The upper hexagonal section contained the altitude control system and had two solar panels with 10,500 individual panels on each side. Nimbus-A weighed 830 lbs. and was comprised of 40,000 components. The satellite was built by General Electric Company and remained operational until September 23, 1964.
Date 8/9/1964
NASA Center Headquarters
Automatic Picture Transmissi …
Title Automatic Picture Transmission
Full Description Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) enabled meteorologists to obtain immediate local area cloud pattern photographs when the Nimbus satellite was within a 1700-mile range of a receiving station. The APT subsystem pioneered on Nimbus 1, which was launched August 28, 1964, provided direct readout of nighttime and daytime cloud coverage. It transmitted photographic data of synoptic meteorological conditions in areas 1200nmi square to over 300 ground stations in more than 43 countries. APT was part of three experiments performed on Nimbus 1, with the other experiments being Advanced Vidicon Camera Subsystem (AVCS) and High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR). This subsystem facsimile receiver required relatively simple ground station equipment at the price of about $30,000 per set.
Date 8/28/1964
NASA Center Headquarters
Paresev 1-B in Tow Flight
Title Paresev 1-B in Tow Flight
Full Description The Paresev experimental aircraft. A normal flight was a takeoff on the Rogers Dry Lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base and a circling flight path skirting the lake edges to insure a landing on the lakebed in the event of a towline failure. Release altitude was normally 10,000 to 13,000 feet. Data was obtained on the glide part of the flight. By maintaining simplicity during construction, it was possible to make control and configuration changes overnight and in many instances, in minutes.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Dryden Flight Research Center
Building a Test Stand
Title Building a Test Stand
Full Description An enormous crater marks the site where the A-2 test stand is being built in 1964 at the Mississippi Test Operations.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Stennis Space Center
Preparation tests for the Ap …
Title Preparation tests for the Apollo Command Module
Full Description Preparations for dynamic stability tests of the Apollo Command Module and its launch escape system are observed by NASA engineer Bobby W. Sanders at Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. A scale model of the command module in which three astronauts will ride during their journey to the moon, and their launch escape systems are undergoing tests in Lewis' 8 x 6 foot transonic wind tunnel. The tunnel simulates conditions the spacecraft will encounter during a portion of its flight through the Earth's atmosphere.
Date 10/22/1964
NASA Center Headquarters
Rendezvous Docking Simulator
Title Rendezvous Docking Simulator
Full Description Multiple exposure of Rendezvous Docking Simulator. The Gemini spacecraft was supported in a gimbal system by an overhead crane and gantry arrangement which provided 6 degrees of freedom - roll, pitch, yaw, and translation in any direction - all controllable by the astronaut in the spacecraft. The controls fed into a computer which in turn provided an input to the servos driving the spacecraft so that it responded to control motions in a manner which accurately simulated the Gemini spacecraft.
Date 02/07/1964
NASA Center Langley Research Center
Saturn V Tanks Mated
Title Saturn V Tanks Mated
Full Description The fuel tank assembly of S-1C-T (the first stage of the Saturn V test vehicle) was mated to the liquid oxygen (LOX) tank at MSFC. Five Saturn V first stages (three for ground tests and two for flight) were fabricated at MSFC in Huntsville, Alabama. S-1C-T was test fired at MSFC with five F-1 engines installed, each developing 1.5 million pounds of thrust. In the Dynamic Test Stand at MSFC, the Saturn V test vehicle with the spacecraft on top, underwent more than 450 hours of shaking to gather data.
Date 12/1/1964
NASA Center Marshall Space Flight Center
Seymour Schwartz Conducts an …
Title Seymour Schwartz Conducts an Experiment at the ERC
Full Description This vacuum evaporator was used to aid in designing high reliability mirco-electronic circuits for long-range NASA missions. Here, Seymour Schwartz of the Qualifications and Standards Laboratory deposits substances that will be analyzed for evaporation properties. The ERC opened in September 1964, taking over the administration of contracts, grants, and other NASA business in New England from the antecedent North Eastern Operations Office (created in July 1962), and closed in June 1970. It served to develop the space agencys in-house expertise in electronics during the Apollo era. A second key function was to serve as a graduate and post- graduate training center within the framework of a regional government-industry-university alliance. Research at the ERC was conducted in ten different laboratories: space guidance, systems, computers, instrumentation research, space optics, power conditioning and distribution, microwave radiation, electronics components, qualifications and standards, and control and information systems. Researchers investigated such areas as microwave and laser communications, the miniaturization and radiation resistance of electronic components, guidance and control systems, photovoltaic energy conversion, information display devices, instrumentation, and computers and data processing. Although the only NASA Center ever closed, the ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure in June 1970.
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
Dynamic Test Chamber at Godd …
Title Dynamic Test Chamber at Goddard Space Flight Center
Full Description In this image taken in 1964, a Goddard Space Flight Center photographer is assembling a camera system inside the dynamic test chamber at the Center's test and evaluation facilities. Thorough testing in facilities that simulate the space environment has become a hallmark at Goddard. After spending years on a single project, no scientist or engineer wants to lose a key instrument or an entire satellite because of a faulty component or electrical connection. As a result, developing thorough test and evaluation facilities and procedures has always remained a high priority.
Date 1/1/1964
NASA Center Goddard Space Flight Center
Echo II
Title Echo II
Full Description Shown here is the 135-foot rigidized inflatable balloon satellite undergoing tensile stress test in a dirigible hanger at Weekesville, North Carolina. The satellite, 50 times more rigidized than Echo I was placed into orbit as a passive communications experiment by NASA on January 25, 1964. When folded satellite is packed into the 41-inch diameter canister shown in the foreground.
Date 05/19/1961
NASA Center Headquarters
ERC "Gunn Effect" Experiment
Title ERC "Gunn Effect" Experiment
Full Description W. Deter Straub, a scientist at the NASA Electronics Research Center's (ERC) Component Technology Laboratory, conducted this experiment with the "Gunn Effect." The Gunn Effect is the production of microwave oscillations when a constant voltage in excess of a critical level is applied to opposite faces of a semiconductor. The Center realized the promising advances in microwave research, indicated by "hot electron" experiments at the ERC with the use of bulk gallium arsenide semiconductor material. The Center's scientists generated higher frequency microwaves which were important for future NASA missions in spacecraft transmitters, because they were expected to improve the efficiency of microwave signal transmission in space. ERC opened in September 1964 and has the particular distinction of being the only NASA Center to close, shutting down in June 1970. Its mission was to develop new electronics and training new graduates as well as NASA employees. The ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure. For more information about the ERC, please see http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html [ http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html ]
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
ERC Astro-Physics Branch
Title ERC Astro-Physics Branch
Full Description Electronics Research Center's Astro-Physics Branch studied solar radiation with this equipment. ERC opened in September 1964 and has the particular distinction of being the only NASA Center to close, shutting down in June 1970. Its mission was to develop new electronics and training new graduates as well as NASA employees. The ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure. For more information about the ERC, please see please see http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html [ http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html ]
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
ERC Foundation Construction
Title ERC Foundation Construction
Full Description This is an aerial view of the foundation construction for NASA's Electronics Research Center (ERC) at Kendall Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Center opened in September 1964 and has the particular distinction of being the only NASA Center to close, shutting down in June 1970. Its mission was to develop new electronics and to train new graduates as well as NASA employees. The ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure. For more information about the ERC, please see http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html [ http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html ]
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
ERC Laser Experiment
Title ERC Laser Experiment
Full Description This Electronics Research Center study of the molecular properties of liquids was conducted using laser technology. ERC opened in September 1964 and has the particular distinction of being the only NASA Center to close, shutting down in June 1970. Its mission was to develop new electronics and training new graduates as well as NASA employees. The ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure. For more information about the ERC, please see http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html [ http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html ]
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
ERC Magnetic Experiment
Title ERC Magnetic Experiment
Full Description This Electronics Research Center scientist is researching magnetic materials, observing their performance in high temperatures. ERC opened in September 1964 and has the particular distinction of being the only NASA Center to close, shutting down in June 1970. Its mission was to develop new electronics and training new graduates as well as NASA employees. The ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure. For more information about the ERC, please see please see http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html [ http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html ]
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
ERC Microwave Experiment
Title ERC Microwave Experiment
Full Description At the Electronics Research Center (ERC), crystals less than 1/1,000th of an inch thick were "grown" for microwave experiments. The Center's scientists generated higher frequency microwaves which were important for future NASA missions in spacecraft transmitters, because they were expected to improve the efficiency of microwave signal transmission in space. ERC opened in September 1964 and has the particular distinction of being the only NASA Center to close, shutting down in June 1970. Its mission was to develop new electronics and training new graduates as well as NASA employees. The ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure. For more information about the ERC, please see http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html [ http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html ]
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
ERC Technician Test Device D …
Title ERC Technician Test Device Developed for Apollo Missions
Full Description Technician test a device that was flown on the Apollo missions to measure cabin particles The ERC opened in September 1964, taking over the administration of contracts, grants, and other NASA business in New England from the antecedent North Eastern Operations Office (created in July 1962), and closed in June 1970. It served to develop the space agencys in-house expertise in electronics during the Apollo era. A second key function was to serve as a graduate and post- graduate training center within the framework of a regional government-industry-university alliance. Research at the ERC was conducted in ten different laboratories: space guidance, systems, computers, instrumentation research, space optics, power conditioning and distribution, microwave radiation, electronics components, qualifications and standards, and control and information systems. Researchers investigated such areas as microwave and laser communications, the miniaturization and radiation resistance of electronic components, guidance and control systems, photovoltaic energy conversion, information display devices, instrumentation, and computers and data processing. Although the only NASA Center ever closed, the ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure in June 1970.
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
ERC's Interconnections Exper …
Title ERC's Interconnections Experiment
Full Description Vincent DeLaria, a technician at the Electronics Research Center, was involved in a research program on interconnections, aimed at increased reliability in semi-conductors and integrated circuits. He is shown in this photograph while bonding a wire .0007 inches in diameter, smaller than a human hair, to a strip of material measuring 2/1000ths by 1/1000th of an inch. This work was performed in ERC's Qualifications and Standards Laboratory. ERC opened in September 1964 and has the particular distinction of being the only NASA Center to close, shutting down in June 1970. Its mission was to develop new electronics and training new graduates as well as NASA employees. The ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure. For more information about the ERC, please see please see http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html [ http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html ]
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
ERC's Management Council
Title ERC's Management Council
Full Description This montage shows the Management Council at the Electronics Research Center. Shown are James C. Elms, Director, Dr. Albert J. Kelley, Deputy Director, W. William Vanderwolk, Assistant Director for Programs and Resources, Franklyn W. Phillips, Assistant Director for Administration, Charles J. Delaney, Chief Counsel, Dr. W. Crawford Dunlap, Assistant Director for Electronic Components Research, Dr. Lester C. Van Atta, Assistant Director for Electromagnetic Research, Dr. Gene G. Mannella, Assistant Director for Instrumentation and Data Processing Research, and Dr. Robert C. Duncan, Assistant Director for Guidance and Control Research. ERC opened in September 1964 and has the particular distinction of being the only NASA Center to close, shutting down in June 1970. Its mission was to develop new electronics and training new graduates as well as NASA employees. The ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure. For more information about the ERC, please see http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html [ http://history.nasa.gov/erc.html ]
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
Experiment Performed at the …
Title Experiment Performed at the ERCs Space Optics Laboratory
Full Description A laser in operation at the Electronics Resource Centers Space Optics Laboratory is checked by Lowell Rosen (left) and Dr. Norman Knable. They investigated energy levels of atoms in very excited states as a step to improving the lasers efficiency in space. The ERC opened in September 1964, taking over the administration of contracts, grants, and other NASA business in New England from the antecedent North Eastern Operations Office (created in July 1962), and closed in June 1970. It served to develop the space agencys in-house expertise in electronics during the Apollo era. A second key function was to serve as a graduate and post- graduate training center within the framework of a regional government-industry-university alliance. Research at the ERC was conducted in ten different laboratories: space guidance, systems, computers, instrumentation research, space optics, power conditioning and distribution, microwave radiation, electronics components, qualifications and standards, and control and information systems. Researchers investigated such areas as microwave and laser communications, the miniaturization and radiation resistance of electronic components, guidance and control systems, photovoltaic energy conversion, information display devices, instrumentation, and computers and data processing. Although the only NASA Center ever closed, the ERC actually grew while NASA eliminated major programs and cut staff in other areas. Between 1967 and 1970, NASA cut permanent civil service workers at all Centers with one exception, the ERC, whose personnel grew annually until its closure in June 1970.
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Electronic Research Center
Explorer 24
Title Explorer 24
Full Description This satellite, Explorer 24, was a 12-foot-diameter inflatable sphere developed by an engineering team at Langley. It provided information on complex solar radiation/air-density relationships in the upper atmosphere.
Date 9/28/1964
NASA Center Langley Research Center
Female Computer
Title Female Computer
Full Description Melba Roy heads the group of NASA mathematicians, known as "computers," who track the Echo satellites. Roy's computations help produce the orbital element timetables by which millions can view the satellite from Earth as it passes overhead.
Date 01/01/1964
NASA Center Headquarters
First Image from Mariner 4
Title First Image from Mariner 4
Full Description A "real-time data translator" machine converted Mariner 4 digital image data into numbers printed on strips of paper. Too anxious to wait for the official processed image, employees from the Voyager Telecommunications Section attached these strips side by side to a display panel and hand colored the numbers like a paint-by-numbers picture. The completed image was framed and presented to JPL director, William Pickering. Mariner 4 was launched on November 28, 1964 and journeyed for 228 days to the Red Planet, providing the first close-range images of Mars. The spacecraft carried a television camera and six other science instruments to study the Martian atmosphere and surface. The 22 photographs taken by Mariner revealed the existence of lunar type craters upon a desert-like surface. After completing its mission, Mariner 4 continued past Mars to the far side of the Sun. On December 20, 1967, all operations of the spacecraft were ended.
Date UNKNOWN
NASA Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Glenn at the Cape
Title Glenn at the Cape
Full Description Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr. in his silver Mercury spacesuit during pre- flight training activities at Cape Canaveral. On February 20, 1962 Glenn lifted off into space aboard his Mercury Atlas (MA-6) rocket and became the first American to orbit the Earth. After orbiting the Earth 3 times, Friendship 7 landed in the Atlantic Ocean 4 hours, 55 minutes and 23 seconds later, just East of Grand Turk Island in the Bahamas. Glenn and his capsule were recovered by the Navy Destroyer Noa, 21 minutes after splashdown.
Date 02/27/1964
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
HL-10 Lifting Body
Title HL-10 Lifting Body
Full Description Full scale model of the HL-10 lifting body mounted in the 30 x 60 Full Scale Tunnel at Langley.
Date 10/15/1964
NASA Center Langley Research Center
Horsepower and Rocketpower
Title Horsepower and Rocketpower
Full Description Fifty years of history and 31,999,99 horsepower mark the difference in these two pictures taken at the front of Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF) in New Orleans, Louisiana. The top image shows a 1915 horse and buggy passing in the front of the old Michoud Plantation. The bottom image is a 32 million horsepower Saturn I booster passing over the same road. The brick chimneys, the remnants of the Antoine Michoud Plantation built in the mid-1800s, still remain as in 1915. Michoud Assembly Facility built the stages of Saturn I, Saturn IB and Saturn V vehicles under the management of Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).
Date 1/1/1964
NASA Center Marshall Space Flight Center
Intelsat IV in an anechoic c …
Title Intelsat IV in an anechoic chamber
Full Description The picture shows the communication satellite Intelsat IV in an anechoic (sound-absorbing) chamber with two female employees. It stood over 17 feet tall with an average of 6,000 voice grade circuits. Hughes Aircraft Company built the Intelsat IV satellite. Intelsat or the International Telecommunications Satellite was an international organization of 65 nations that was established August 20, 1964 out of the growing demand for channels of communication and greatly expanded the commercial communications network. The Intelsat IV was placed in a synchronous orbit over the Atlantic with the capacity of about 6,000 circuits or 13 television channels.
Date 7/5/72
NASA Center Headquarters
Titan with Gemini Capsule
Title Titan with Gemini Capsule
Full Description Titan with Gemini capsule in the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel.
Date 4/20/1964
NASA Center Langley Research Center
Ion Engine and Tank 6 at Ele …
Title Ion Engine and Tank 6 at Electric Propulsion Lab
Full Description Ion engine and Tank 6 at the Electric Propulsion Laboratory - EPL. This facility is located at the Lewis Research Center, now the John H. Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The Ion engine is the power system that carried Deep Space 1 on its innerplanetary mission in the late 1990s, but the idea was decades old by that time and much research had already been conducted at Lewis.
Date 02/19/1964
NASA Center Glenn Research Center
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