Browse All : XMM-Newton

XMM-Newton X-ray Spectrum of …

Name	XMM-Newton X-ray Spectrum of XTE J1650-500

Theoretical Spectra of Spinn …

Name	Theoretical Spectra of Spinning and Non-Spinning Black Holes

RCW 86 Animations

Name	RCW 86 Animations

XMM-Newton X-ray Image of Ab …

Name	XMM-Newton X-ray Image of Abell 3627

XMM-Newton Spectrum & Illust …

Name	XMM-Newton Spectrum & Illustration of RX J1242-11

RDCS 1252.9-2927: A Distant …

Name	RDCS 1252.9-2927: A Distant Galaxy Cluster
Category	Groups & Clusters of Galaxies
Release Date	January 2, 2004

Abell 3627 Animations

Name	Abell 3627 Animations

Comparison of Obscured AGN S …

Name	Comparison of Obscured AGN Spectrum and XMM Spectrum

Hubble Maps the Cosmic Web of "Clumpy" Dark Matter in 3-D

Hubble Maps the Cosmic Web o …

Title	Hubble Maps the Cosmic Web of "Clumpy" Dark Matter in 3-D
General Information	What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. An international team of astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has created a three-dimensional map that provides the first direct look at the large-scale distribution of dark matter in the universe. Read more: * NASA Press Release [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/01/text/ ] * The Full Story [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/01/full/ ]

Process Astronomical Images on Your Home Computer Just Like the Experts

Process Astronomical Images …

Title	Process Astronomical Images on Your Home Computer Just Like the Experts
General Information	What is a News Nugget? News Nuggets are bulletins from the world of astronomy. Anyone with a desktop computer running Adobe® Photoshop® or Adobe Photoshop Elements software can try their hand at crafting astronomical images as beautiful as Hubble Space Telescope's. A free software plug-in being released today for Photoshop makes the treasure of archival astronomical images and spectra from Hubble Space Telescope, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, The European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope, the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton X-Ray Observatory and many other famous telescopes accessible to home astronomy enthusiasts. Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/53/text/ ]

FITS for Fun -- Create Spectacular Pictures in Minutes

FITS for Fun -- Create Spect …

Title	FITS for Fun -- Create Spectacular Pictures in Minutes
General Information	What is a News Nugget? News Nuggets are bulletins from the world of astronomy. With the release of version 2 of the ESA/ESO/NASA Photoshop FITS Liberator image processing software, it's now even easier and faster to create stunning color pictures from the raw data taken by observatories such as NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes and ESA's XMM-Newton.

XMM-Newton First Light: X-Rays From The LMC

XMM-Newton First Light: X-Ra …

Title	XMM-Newton First Light: X-Rays From The LMC
Explanation	Recently [ http://sci.esa.int/missions/newsitem.cfm?TypeID=20&ContentID=9291 ] the European Space Agency released this and other spectacular "first light" pictures [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xmm/xmmhp_gal_sci.html ] from its new orbiting x-ray observatory [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991221.html ], christened XMM-Newton [ http://sci.esa.int/xmm/newton.html ]. A churning region of star birth and death in our small neighboring galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980124.html ] (LMC), this field was one of several chosen to test out XMM-Newton's x-ray imaging [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l2/ xtelescopes_physics.html ] capabilities. The picture is a false-colour one in which low energy x-rays are translated to red, medium energy to green, and high energy to blue. Image colours [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000203.html ] therefore represent the relative million degree temperatures of the x-ray emitting regions, red being the coolest and blue the hottest. Remains of the star that exploded as Supernova 1987a [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951027.html ] appear here as the white x-ray source at the lower right, while another supernova remnant [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/teachers/lessons/supernova/ supernova_cover.html ], cataloged as N157D is the brightest source at the upper left. The bluish arc (near center) also appears to be a supernova remnant [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990307.html ] whose expanding debris cloud [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/supernovas3.html ] is interacting with the LMC's local interstellar gas.

RCW 86: Historical Supernova …

Title	RCW 86: Historical Supernova Remnant
Explanation	In 185 AD, Chinese astronomers [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_astronomy ] recorded the appearance of a new star in the Nanmen asterism - a part of the sky identified with Alpha and Beta Centauri on modern star charts. The new star [ http://www.tass-survey.org/richmond/answers/historical.html ] was visible for months and is thought to be the earliest recorded supernova [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0301603 ]. Data from two orbiting X-ray telescopes of the 21st century, XMM-Newton [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xmm/xmmgof.html ] and Chandra [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/about/index.html ], now offer evidence that supernova remnant RCW 86 is indeed the debris from that stellar explosion [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060728.html ]. Their composite, false-color view of RCW 86 [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2006/rcw86/index.html ] shows the expanding shell of material glowing in x-rays [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/index.html ] with high, medium, and low energies shown in blue, green, and red hues. Shock velocities measured in [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0607307 ] the x-ray emitting shell and an estimated radius of about 50 light-years can be used to find the apparent age of the remnant. The results indicate that light from the initial explosion could well have first reached planet Earth in 185 AD. Near the plane of our Milky Way [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010202.html ] Galaxy, RCW 86 is about 8,200 light-years away.

The Cosmic X-Ray Background

Title	The Cosmic X-Ray Background
Explanation	Early on, x-ray satellites [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/corp/ observatories.html ] revealed a surprising cosmic background [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/ background.html ] glow of x-rays and astronomers have struggled to understand its origin. Now, peering through [ http://sci.esa.int/content/news/ index.cfm?aid=23&cid=45&oid=25139 ] a hole in the obscuring gas and dust of our own Milky Way Galaxy, the powerful orbiting XMM-Newton telescope [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991221.html ] has recorded this deep image of the x-ray sky [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000819.html ], resolving some of the mysterious background [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000114.html ] into many faint individual sources. The tantalizing image [ http://sci.esa.int/content/searchimage/ searchresult.cfm?aid=23&cid=45&ooid=25141 ] is color-coded, with red representing relatively low energy x-rays, photons with 500 or so times the energy of visible light. Green and blue colors correspond to increasingly energetic x-rays with up to about 10,000 times visible light energies. Notably, the faint sources tend to be green and blue, showing x-ray characteristics of huge amounts of material falling into massive black holes in very distant galaxies. Do massive black holes [ http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/2000/22/ index.html ] reside in the hearts of all large galaxies? The XMM-Newton results add [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0011271 ] to the growing consensus that they do and that, from across the universe [ http://universe.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ], x-rays produced as matter feeds these black holes account for [ http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0008019 ] the cosmic x-ray background.

Spinning Black Holes and MCG …

Title	Spinning Black Holes and MCG-6-30-15
Explanation	What makes the core of galaxy MCG-6-30-15 so bright? Some astronomers believe [ http://www.esa.int/export/esaCP/ESAL2MZK0TC_index_0.html ] the answer is a massive spinning black hole [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010508.html ]. If so, this would be the first observational indication [ http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast23oct_1.htm ] that it is possible to make a black hole [ http://cfpa.berkeley.edu/BHfaq.html ] act like a battery [ http://www.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm ] -- and tap into its rotational energy. MCG-6-30-15 [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/features/news/news.html ] is a distant galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/spiral_galaxies.html ] that has recently been observed with the orbiting XMM-Newton satellite [ http://sci.esa.int/content/doc/9f/14495_.htm ] in X-ray light [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/xrays.html ]. These observations [ http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0110520 ] show the galaxy's nucleus [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010701.html ] not only to be very bright but also to show evidence that much of the light is climbing out of a deep gravitational well [ http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr103/CourseNotes/Text/Lec06/Lec06_pt2_txt_relativityGeneral.htm#19.2.3. ]. A spinning black hole could explain both effects. A strong magnetic field [ http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/mag_field.html ] could be the mediator transferring [ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1977MNRAS.179..433B ] rotational energy from the black hole to the surrounding gas. Pictured above [ http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20011015blackhole.html ] is an artist's illustration of a black hole [ http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/NumRel/BlackHoles.html ] surrounded by an accretion disk [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991219.html ]. For clarity, the illustration does not include distorting gravitational lens effects [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html ].

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow: Supernova Connection

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow: S …

Title	Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow: Supernova Connection
Explanation	What causes the mysterious gamma-ray bursts [ http://www.sciam.com/specialissues/0398cosmos/ 0398fishman.html ]? Indicated in this [ http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~derekfox/ grb011211/ ] Hubble Space Telescope exposure of an otherwise unremarkable field in the constellation Crater [ http://www.astronomical.org/constellations/ crt.html ], is the dwindling optical afterglow of a gamma-ray burst first detected [ http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/other/011211.gcn3 ] by the Beppo-SAX satellite on 2001 December 11. The burst's host galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020228.html ], billions of light-years distant, is the faint smudge extending above and to the left of the afterglow position. After rapidly catching the fading [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980528.html ] x-ray light [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010413.html ] from the burst with the orbiting XMM-Newton observatory [ http://sci.esa.int/xmm/ ], astronomers are now reporting [ http://www.star.le.ac.uk/news/0302.html ] the telltale signatures [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/features/topics/ snr_group/spectroscopy.html ] of elements [ http://www.uky.edu/Projects/Chemcomics/ ] magnesium, silicon, sulphur, argon, and calcium - material most likely found in an expanding debris [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap011026.html ] cloud produced by the explosion of a massive star. The exciting result [ http://www.pparc.ac.uk/nw/press/gamma.asp ] is evidence that the gamma-ray burst itself is linked to a very energetic supernova explosion [ http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9712123 ] which may have preceded the powerful [ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/gamma/ milkyway.html ] flash of gamma-rays by up to a few days.

X-Ray Rings Expand from a Gamma Ray Burst

X-Ray Rings Expand from a Ga …

Title	X-Ray Rings Expand from a Gamma Ray Burst
Explanation	Why do x-ray [ http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/xray/ ] rings appear to emanate from a gamma-ray burst? The surprising answer has little to do with the explosion itself but rather with light reflected off sheets of dust [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030721.html ]-laden gas in our own Milky Way Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/milky_way.html ]. GRB 031203 [ http://www.ucolick.org/~xavier/GRB/031203/ ] was a tremendous explosion -- a gamma-ray burst [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/ bursts.html ] that occurred far across the universe with radiation just arriving in our Solar System last December 3. Since GRBs [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/ apod_search?GRB ] can also emit copious amounts of x-rays, a bright flash of x-rays [ http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0312603 ] likely arrived simultaneously with the gamma-radiation [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/ emspectrum.html ]. In this case [ http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~sav2/grb031203/ ], the x-rays also bounced off two slabs of cosmic dust [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030706.html ] nearly 3500 light-years [ http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/ question19.html ] distant and created the unusual reflections [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030402.html ]. The longer path from the GRB, to the dust slab, to the XMM-Newton telescope [ http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/ index.cfm?fareaid=23 ] caused the x-ray light echoes [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971023.html ] to arrive well after the GRB.

Galaxy Cluster in the Early …

Title	Galaxy Cluster in the Early Universe
Explanation	Long before medieval alchemists dreamed of transmuting base metals to gold [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010405.html ], stellar furnaces in this massive cluster of galaxies - cataloged as RDCS 1252.9-2927 - had transformed light elements into heavy ones [ http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/nucleo.html ]. In the false-color composite image [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2004/rdcs1252/ ] individual cluster galaxies can be seen at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, shown in red, yellow, and green colors. X-ray [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/xrays.html ] data (in purple) reveal the hot intracluster gas [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/ galaxy_clusters.html ], enriched in heavy elements. Attracting the attention of astronomers using the orbiting Chandra [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/chronicle/ ] and XMM-Newton [ http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/ index.cfm?fareaid=23 ] x-ray telescopes, as well as the Hubble Space Telescope [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/ releases/2004/01/ ] and ground based VLT [ http://www.eso.org/paranal/ ], the galaxy cluster lies nearly 9 billion light-years away [ http://www.faqs.org/faqs/astronomy/faq/ part8/section-14.html ] ... and so existed at a time when the Universe was less than 5 billion years old. A measured mass of more than 200 trillion [ http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/ large.html ] Suns makes this galaxy cluster the most massive object ever found when the Universe was so young. The cluster elemental abundances [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0309546 ] are consistent with the idea that most heavy elements were synthesized early on by massive stars, but current theories suggest that such a massive cluster should be rare in the early Universe [ http://www.us-gemini.noao.edu/project/ announcements/press/2004-1.html ].

Molecular Torus Surrounds Bl …

Title	Molecular Torus Surrounds Black Hole
Explanation	Why do some black hole surroundings appear brighter than others? In the centers of active galaxies [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/active_galaxies.html ], supermassive black holes [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap021128.html ] at least thousands of times the mass of our Sun [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/sun.html ] dominate. Many, called Seyfert Type I [ http://www.astro.umd.edu/education/astro/actgal/seyfert.html ], are very bright in visible light. Others, called Seyfert Type II [ http://www.astro.umd.edu/education/astro/actgal/seyfert.html ], are rather dim. The difference might be caused by some black holes accreting [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030601.html ] much more matter than others. Alternatively, the black holes in the center of Seyfert [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000215.html ] Type II galaxies might be obscured by a surrounding torus [ http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Torus.html ]. To help choose between these competing hypotheses, the nearby Seyfert II galaxy NGC 4388 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020603.html ] has been observed in X-ray light [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/xrays.html ] recently by many recent Earth-orbiting X-ray observatories, including CGRO [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000408.html ], SIGMA [ http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/GRANAT/sigma/sigma.html ], BeppoSAX [ http://www.asdc.asi.it/bepposax/ ], INTEGRAL [ http://www.esa.int/export/esaSC/120374_index_0_m.html ], Chandra [ http://chandra.harvard.edu/about/axaf_mission.html ], and XMM-Newton [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991221.html ]. Recent data [ http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0406553 ] from INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton have found [ http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2004/0720donutcloud.html ] that the X-ray flux in some X-ray colors varies rapidly, while flux in other X-ray colors is quite steady. The constant flux and apparent absorption of very specific X-ray colors by cool iron [ http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/26.html ] together give evidence [ http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM962V4QWD_index_0.html ] that the central black hole in NGC 4388 is seen through a thick torus [ http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM962V4QWD_index_1.html ] composed of molecular gas and dust [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030202.html ].

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Browse All : XMM-Newton