|
|
Assimilation of N2O in the U
…
| Title |
Assimilation of N2O in the Upper Atmosphere Using a Kalman Filter: N2O Mixing Ratio |
| Abstract |
This series of animations shows assimilation of N2O in the upper atmosphere using observations from the Cryogenic Limb Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Winds were provided by the Goddard EOS Data Assimilation System (GEOS-DAS). Flow is at the 850K isentropic level. N2O mixing ratio is expressed in parts per billion volume (ppbv). |
| Completed |
1996-03-22 |
|
Viewing the ISAMS and CLAES
…
| Title |
Viewing the ISAMS and CLAES Instruments on UARS |
| Abstract |
Key to understanding the chlorine chemistry in the polar stratosphere is the measurement of polar stratospheric clouds, chlorine monoxide, and the reservoir gas chlorine nitrate. Polar stratospheric clouds are seen by the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder, ISAMS, and chlorine nitrate has been measured by the Cryogen Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer, CLAES. Both ISAMS and CLAES make measurements by looking at infrared emission from cloud particles and trace gases. |
| Completed |
1999-04-09 |
|
Viewing the ISAMS and CLAES
…
| Title |
Viewing the ISAMS and CLAES Instruments on UARS |
| Abstract |
Key to understanding the chlorine chemistry in the polar stratosphere is the measurement of polar stratospheric clouds, chlorine monoxide, and the reservoir gas chlorine nitrate. Polar stratospheric clouds are seen by the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder, ISAMS, and chlorine nitrate has been measured by the Cryogen Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer, CLAES. Both ISAMS and CLAES make measurements by looking at infrared emission from cloud particles and trace gases. |
| Completed |
1999-04-09 |
|
Viewing the ISAMS and CLAES
…
| Title |
Viewing the ISAMS and CLAES Instruments on UARS |
| Abstract |
Key to understanding the chlorine chemistry in the polar stratosphere is the measurement of polar stratospheric clouds, chlorine monoxide, and the reservoir gas chlorine nitrate. Polar stratospheric clouds are seen by the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder, ISAMS, and chlorine nitrate has been measured by the Cryogen Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer, CLAES. Both ISAMS and CLAES make measurements by looking at infrared emission from cloud particles and trace gases. |
| Completed |
1999-04-09 |
|
Assimilation of N2O in the U
…
| Title |
Assimilation of N2O in the Upper Atmosphere Using a Kalman Filter: Error Correlation |
| Abstract |
This series of animations shows assimilation of N2O in the upper atmosphere using observations from the Cryogenic Limb Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Winds were provided by the Goddard EOS Data Assimilation System (GEOS-DAS). Flow is at the 850K isentropic level. N2O mixing ratio is expressed in parts per billion volume (ppbv). |
| Completed |
1996-03-22 |
|
Chlorine Nitrate over the Ar
…
| Title |
Chlorine Nitrate over the Arctic from CLAES (2/12/93 - 3/16/93) |
| Abstract |
Key to understanding the chlorine chemistry in the polar stratosphere is the measurement of polar stratospheric clouds, chlorine monoxide, and the reservoir gas chlorine nitrate. Chlorine nitrate has been measured by the Cryogen Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer, CLAES. CLAES makes measurements by looking at infrared emission from cloud particles and trace gases. CLAES measurements help to show that the polar stratospheric clouds which form in the cold Arctic stratosphere have converted most of the chlorine nitrate into the radical chlorine monoxide. In 1992, UARS measurements showed conclusively that an an Arctic ozone hole is beginning to form. |
| Completed |
1999-04-09 |
|
Eruption of Anatahan
| Title |
Eruption of Anatahan |
| Description |
Explosive volcanic eruptions inject gases and ash into the Earth?s atmosphere, creating hazardous conditions for passing aircraft and the potential for climate effects. By the end of April 2005, two largest explosive eruptions had occurred at Manam (Papua New Guinea) on January 27-28, 2005, and at Anatahan (Mariana Islands) on April 5-6, 2005. These eruptions were of similar magnitude and both occurred on small islands causing major damage and evacuations on Manam island (which is inhabited) and concern over ashfall on islands south of Anatahan (which is uninhabited), respectively. The above image of Anatahan shows sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere on April 7, 2005, over 30 hours after the eruption. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the eruption were measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA?s EOS/Aura satellite. OMI detects the total column amount of SO2 between the sensor and the Earth?s surface and maps this quantity as it orbits the planet. A new perspective on the vertical distribution of the SO2 is revealed by combining the OMI data with coincident measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), also part of the Aura mission. The MLS data crisscross the OMI image and clearly show that some, but not all, of the SO2 measured by OMI east of the volcano was in the upper troposphere or above. At these altitudes, sulfur dioxide?and the sulfate aerosols that form from it?can stay in the atmosphere and affect the climate for a longer period of time. A weaker SO2 signal was also measured in the same region during the nighttime MLS overpass, which crosses the image from upper right to lower left. The daytime data, running from upper left to lower right, coincide with the OMI measurements. The MLS data west of Anatahan show no significant SO2 signal, indicating that the SO2 measured by OMI in this region was in the lower troposphere. MLS measures thermal emissions from the Earth?s limb, so unlike the OMI sensor it also collects data at night. It is designed to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric gases that are important for studying the Earth?s ozone layer, climate, and air quality, such as SO2. These images, derived from preliminary, unvalidated OMI and MLS data, show MLS SO2 columns (filled circles) measured every 165 km along the Aura orbit, plotted over the OMI SO2 map. The MLS SO2 columns shown here are derived from profile measurements made from the upper troposphere into the stratosphere (~215 ? 0 hPa or ~12 km altitude and above), and the circles do not represent the actual size of the MLS footprint, which is roughly 165 kilometers by 6 kilometers. The Manam image, from January 28, 2005, shows larger SO2 amounts measured by MLS and OMI, though these data were collected only approximately 14 hours after the eruption on January 27-28. For both eruptions, peak SO2 amounts were measured by MLS at or just above the likely tropopause altitude, at the lowermost boundary of the stratosphere. Sulfate particles (aerosols) that form from sulfur gases in the stratosphere have a cooling effect on the Earth?s surface. The principal source of sulfate particles is large explosive volcanic eruptions, and the remaining sulfates in the atmosphere are believed to come from carbonyl sulfide, a gas emitted from marshes, soils, forests, and some industrial processes. Recent studies suggest, however, that there must be some other source of sulfates in the stratosphere, carbonyl sulfide concentrations are too small to account for observed sulfates. Could smaller, but more frequent volcanic eruptions, such as those at Anatahan and Manam, be contributing to this "excess" background sulfate aerosol? OMI offers much improved spatial resolution and sensitivity to SO2 compared to its predecessor, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and Aura's MLS is a major technological advance over the older MLS flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) since 1991. The Aura mission will therefore allow scientists to investigate the source of sulfate aerosols in far greater detail. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. Images and caption courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). |
|
Eruption of Anatahan
| Title |
Eruption of Anatahan |
| Description |
Explosive volcanic eruptions inject gases and ash into the Earth?s atmosphere, creating hazardous conditions for passing aircraft and the potential for climate effects. By the end of April 2005, two largest explosive eruptions had occurred at Manam (Papua New Guinea) on January 27-28, 2005, and at Anatahan (Mariana Islands) on April 5-6, 2005. These eruptions were of similar magnitude and both occurred on small islands causing major damage and evacuations on Manam island (which is inhabited) and concern over ashfall on islands south of Anatahan (which is uninhabited), respectively. The above image of Anatahan shows sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere on April 7, 2005, over 30 hours after the eruption. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the eruption were measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA?s EOS/Aura satellite. OMI detects the total column amount of SO2 between the sensor and the Earth?s surface and maps this quantity as it orbits the planet. A new perspective on the vertical distribution of the SO2 is revealed by combining the OMI data with coincident measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), also part of the Aura mission. The MLS data crisscross the OMI image and clearly show that some, but not all, of the SO2 measured by OMI east of the volcano was in the upper troposphere or above. At these altitudes, sulfur dioxide?and the sulfate aerosols that form from it?can stay in the atmosphere and affect the climate for a longer period of time. A weaker SO2 signal was also measured in the same region during the nighttime MLS overpass, which crosses the image from upper right to lower left. The daytime data, running from upper left to lower right, coincide with the OMI measurements. The MLS data west of Anatahan show no significant SO2 signal, indicating that the SO2 measured by OMI in this region was in the lower troposphere. MLS measures thermal emissions from the Earth?s limb, so unlike the OMI sensor it also collects data at night. It is designed to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric gases that are important for studying the Earth?s ozone layer, climate, and air quality, such as SO2. These images, derived from preliminary, unvalidated OMI and MLS data, show MLS SO2 columns (filled circles) measured every 165 km along the Aura orbit, plotted over the OMI SO2 map. The MLS SO2 columns shown here are derived from profile measurements made from the upper troposphere into the stratosphere (~215 ? 0 hPa or ~12 km altitude and above), and the circles do not represent the actual size of the MLS footprint, which is roughly 165 kilometers by 6 kilometers. The Manam image, from January 28, 2005, shows larger SO2 amounts measured by MLS and OMI, though these data were collected only approximately 14 hours after the eruption on January 27-28. For both eruptions, peak SO2 amounts were measured by MLS at or just above the likely tropopause altitude, at the lowermost boundary of the stratosphere. Sulfate particles (aerosols) that form from sulfur gases in the stratosphere have a cooling effect on the Earth?s surface. The principal source of sulfate particles is large explosive volcanic eruptions, and the remaining sulfates in the atmosphere are believed to come from carbonyl sulfide, a gas emitted from marshes, soils, forests, and some industrial processes. Recent studies suggest, however, that there must be some other source of sulfates in the stratosphere, carbonyl sulfide concentrations are too small to account for observed sulfates. Could smaller, but more frequent volcanic eruptions, such as those at Anatahan and Manam, be contributing to this "excess" background sulfate aerosol? OMI offers much improved spatial resolution and sensitivity to SO2 compared to its predecessor, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and Aura's MLS is a major technological advance over the older MLS flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) since 1991. The Aura mission will therefore allow scientists to investigate the source of sulfate aerosols in far greater detail. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. Images and caption courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). |
|
Eruption of Anatahan
| Title |
Eruption of Anatahan |
| Description |
Explosive volcanic eruptions inject gases and ash into the Earth?s atmosphere, creating hazardous conditions for passing aircraft and the potential for climate effects. By the end of April 2005, two largest explosive eruptions had occurred at Manam (Papua New Guinea) on January 27-28, 2005, and at Anatahan (Mariana Islands) on April 5-6, 2005. These eruptions were of similar magnitude and both occurred on small islands causing major damage and evacuations on Manam island (which is inhabited) and concern over ashfall on islands south of Anatahan (which is uninhabited), respectively. The above image of Anatahan shows sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere on April 7, 2005, over 30 hours after the eruption. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the eruption were measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA?s EOS/Aura satellite. OMI detects the total column amount of SO2 between the sensor and the Earth?s surface and maps this quantity as it orbits the planet. A new perspective on the vertical distribution of the SO2 is revealed by combining the OMI data with coincident measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), also part of the Aura mission. The MLS data crisscross the OMI image and clearly show that some, but not all, of the SO2 measured by OMI east of the volcano was in the upper troposphere or above. At these altitudes, sulfur dioxide?and the sulfate aerosols that form from it?can stay in the atmosphere and affect the climate for a longer period of time. A weaker SO2 signal was also measured in the same region during the nighttime MLS overpass, which crosses the image from upper right to lower left. The daytime data, running from upper left to lower right, coincide with the OMI measurements. The MLS data west of Anatahan show no significant SO2 signal, indicating that the SO2 measured by OMI in this region was in the lower troposphere. MLS measures thermal emissions from the Earth?s limb, so unlike the OMI sensor it also collects data at night. It is designed to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric gases that are important for studying the Earth?s ozone layer, climate, and air quality, such as SO2. These images, derived from preliminary, unvalidated OMI and MLS data, show MLS SO2 columns (filled circles) measured every 165 km along the Aura orbit, plotted over the OMI SO2 map. The MLS SO2 columns shown here are derived from profile measurements made from the upper troposphere into the stratosphere (~215 ? 0 hPa or ~12 km altitude and above), and the circles do not represent the actual size of the MLS footprint, which is roughly 165 kilometers by 6 kilometers. The Manam image, from January 28, 2005, shows larger SO2 amounts measured by MLS and OMI, though these data were collected only approximately 14 hours after the eruption on January 27-28. For both eruptions, peak SO2 amounts were measured by MLS at or just above the likely tropopause altitude, at the lowermost boundary of the stratosphere. Sulfate particles (aerosols) that form from sulfur gases in the stratosphere have a cooling effect on the Earth?s surface. The principal source of sulfate particles is large explosive volcanic eruptions, and the remaining sulfates in the atmosphere are believed to come from carbonyl sulfide, a gas emitted from marshes, soils, forests, and some industrial processes. Recent studies suggest, however, that there must be some other source of sulfates in the stratosphere, carbonyl sulfide concentrations are too small to account for observed sulfates. Could smaller, but more frequent volcanic eruptions, such as those at Anatahan and Manam, be contributing to this "excess" background sulfate aerosol? OMI offers much improved spatial resolution and sensitivity to SO2 compared to its predecessor, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and Aura's MLS is a major technological advance over the older MLS flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) since 1991. The Aura mission will therefore allow scientists to investigate the source of sulfate aerosols in far greater detail. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. Images and caption courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). |
|
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Rese
…
| Title |
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) preflight processing at KSC |
| Description |
Kennedy Space Center (KSC) technicians, wearing clean suits, prepare the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) for the installation of the high-gain antenna on the instrument module. UARS is in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF) for preflight preparation and testing. It is held in a ground support structure via its outrigger trusses during processing. Visible UARS components include: the Cyrogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) (at bottom left), the grapple fixture (center), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) equipment (at bottom right), and the stowed solar array (SA) (at top). View provided by KSC with alternate KSC number KSC-91PC-1056. |
| Date |
07.16.1991 |
|
Eruption of Anatahan: Natura
…
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Explosive volcanic eruptions
…
anatahan_omi-mls_2005097
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2005-05-07 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
anatahan_omi-mls_2005097 |
|
Eruption of Anatahan: Natura
…
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Explosive volcanic eruptions
…
anatahan_omi-mls_2005097
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2005-05-07 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
anatahan_omi-mls_2005097 |
|
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Rese
…
| Title |
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) preflight processing at KSC |
| Description |
Kennedy Space Center (KSC) technicians, wearing clean suits, prepare the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) for the installation of the high-gain antenna on the instrument module. UARS is in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF) for preflight preparation and testing. It is held in a ground support structure via its outrigger trusses during processing. Visible UARS components include: the Cyrogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) (at bottom left), the grapple fixture (center), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) equipment (at bottom right), and the stowed solar array (SA) (at top). View provided by KSC with alternate KSC number KSC-91PC-1056. |
| Date Taken |
1991-07-16 |
|
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Rese
…
| Title |
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) in OV-103's payload bay |
| Description |
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), is documented in the payload bay (PLB) of the earth-orbiting Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, on flight day one of the STS-48 mission. Visible in the center of the image on UARS is the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) antenna dish with the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) behind it. Other UARS components are obscured by the thermal blanket cover or are in stowed position. This view was taken using an electronic still camera (ESC) as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 648, Electronic Still Photography. The digital image was stored on a removable hard disk or small optical disk, and could be converted to a format suitable for downlink transmission. |
| Date Taken |
1991-09-18 |
|
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Rese
…
| Title |
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) in OV-103's payload bay |
| Description |
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), is documented in the payload bay (PLB) of the earth-orbiting Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. UARS is scheduled for deploy on flight day three of the STS-48 mission. UARS components visible in this image include (front to back): the Solar Stellar Pointing Platform (SSPP) (at bottom), the stowed high-gain antenna (HGA) (right), Particle Environment Monitor (PEM) (cone at upper left), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) antenna dish (center), and the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) (center back). The stowed remote manipulator system (RMS) arm is seen along the port side sill longeron. The vertical tail and the orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pods appear in the background against the blackness of space. This view was taken using an electronic still camera (ESC) as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 648, Electronic Still Photography. The digital image was stored on a removable hard disk or small optical disk, and coul |
| Date Taken |
1991-09-18 |
|
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Rese
…
| Title |
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) grappled by OV-103's RMS |
| Description |
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), held by Discovery's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103's, remote manipulator system (RMS) end effector, hovers aloft prior to its release from the spacecraft. The solar array (SA) is partially deployed as UARS undergoes STS-48 pre-deployment checkout. UARS components visible in this image include (left to right): the Solar Stellar Pointing Platform (SSPP) (at bottom), the stowed high-gain antenna (HGA) (above SSPP), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) spectrometer, the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) (top, above RMS end effector), the Particle Environment Monitor (PEM) Zenith Energetic Particle System (ZEPS) (next to outrigger truss), and PEM Nadir Energetic Particle System (NEPS) magnetometer (bottom right). The cloud-covered surface of the Earth is visible below the satellite. This view was taken using an electronic still camera (ESC) as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 648, Electronic Still Photography. The digital image w |
| Date Taken |
1991-09-18 |
|
STS-48 ESC closeup of Upper
…
| Title |
STS-48 ESC closeup of Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) CLAES |
| Description |
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), is documented during STS-48 pre-deployment checkout above the payload bay (PLB) of the earth-orbiting Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. When this closeup view of the UARS' Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) was taken, the UARS was in the grasp of OV-103's remote manipulator system (RMS). This view was taken using an electronic still camera (ESC) as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 648, Electronic Still Photography. The digital image was stored on a removable hard disk or small optical disk, and could be converted to a format suitable for downlink transmission. |
| Date Taken |
1991-09-18 |
|
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Rese
…
| Title |
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) grappled by OV-103's RMS |
| Description |
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is in the grasp of the remote manipulator system (RMS) end effector above the payload bay (PLB) of the Earth-orbiting Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103 during STS-48 pre-deployment checkout procedures. UARS solar array (SA) is in the process of being deployed. Visible on the UARS are (top to bottom): the high-gain antenna (HGA), the Solar Stellar Pointing Platform (SSPP) (below HGA), outrigger truss, the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) spectrometer (above SA), the SA, RMS grapple fixture, the Particle Environment Monitor (PEM) Zenith Energetic Particle System (ZEPS) (top next to second outrigger truss), the PEM Nadir Energetic Particle System (NEPS) magnetometer (below ZEPS), an outrigger truss and keel pin, and the Multimission Modular Spacecraft (MSS). |
| Date Taken |
1991-09-18 |
|
STS-48 ESC closeup of Upper
…
| Title |
STS-48 ESC closeup of Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), pre-deploy |
| Description |
Grappled by the remote manipulator system (RMS) end effector, the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) undergoes STS-48 pre-deployment checkout above the payload bay (PLB) of the earth-orbiting Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. The UARS solar array unfolds below the RMS end effector and the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) appears above it. An outrigger truss (far right), the Particle Environment Monitor (PEM) Zenith Energetic Particle System (ZEPS) (to left of truss), and PEM Nadir Energetic Particle System (NEPS) magnetometer (lower right) are visible. This view was taken using an electronic still camera (ESC) as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 648, Electronic Still Photography. The digital image was stored on a removable hard disk or small optical disk, and could be converted to a format suitable for downlink transmission. |
| Date Taken |
1991-09-18 |
|
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Rese
…
| Title |
STS-48 Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is released by OV-103's RMS |
| Description |
The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) is released by the remote manipulator system (RMS) end effector and moves away into the blackness of space. During STS-48 deployment, the RMS lower arm boom, wrist pitch joint, and end effector are seen in the foreground. On UARS, the grapple fixture (center), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) spectrometer (left of RMS), the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (on top above grapple fixture), the Particle Environment Monitor (PEM) Zenith Energetic Particle System (ZEPS) (right), and the PEM Nadir Energetic Particle System (NEPS) magnetometer (bottom right) are visible. |
| Date Taken |
1991-09-18 |
|
|
