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Floods in Northern Argentina
Title Floods in Northern Argentina
Description One of South America's longest rivers, the Parana winds south from its headwaters in central Brazil through Paraguay and Argentina to empty into the Atlantic Ocean near Buenos Aires, Argentina. Near its mouth, the river widens into a multi-stream delta where it joins the Uruguay River to form the broad Rio de la Plata estuary. Small and neatly defined at the height of summer in mid-January, the delta section of the river stretched kilometers across its flood plain in response to unusually heavy late-summer and early-autumn rains by April. The top image, taken on April 3, 2007, shows that not only has the river expanded into a broad black band, but its tributaries are also swollen. Flecks of black south and west of the river show where water covers agricultural fields. These images, both collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite, were made with a combination of visible and infrared light to increase the contrast between mud-colored water and land. In these images, water is black or dark blue, and clouds are pale blue and white. Plant-covered land is bright green, and bare earth is tan. In the lower image, taken at the height of the growing season, the agricultural fields are green. By April, the crops had been harvested and the land left bare. The slightly orange color suggests that the fields may have been burned to clear away the stubble. Hugging the west bank of the Parana River, the city of Rosario is a gray-colored spot on the landscape. The floods extend north beyond the top edge of this image, affecting nearly four million hectares (15,000 square miles) and more than 70,000 people in two Argentine states, said the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/MCON-6ZX4CN?OpenDocument ]). The flooding was amplified when up to 500 millimeters of rain—more than half the average yearly rainfall—fell over northern Argentina in the span of a few days at the end of March, said OCHA. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Floods in Northern Argentina
Title Floods in Northern Argentina
Description One of South America's longest rivers, the Parana winds south from its headwaters in central Brazil through Paraguay and Argentina to empty into the Atlantic Ocean near Buenos Aires, Argentina. Near its mouth, the river widens into a multi-stream delta where it joins the Uruguay River to form the broad Rio de la Plata estuary. Small and neatly defined at the height of summer in mid-January, the delta section of the river stretched kilometers across its flood plain in response to unusually heavy late-summer and early-autumn rains by April. The top image, taken on April 3, 2007, shows that not only has the river expanded into a broad black band, but its tributaries are also swollen. Flecks of black south and west of the river show where water covers agricultural fields. These images, both collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite, were made with a combination of visible and infrared light to increase the contrast between mud-colored water and land. In these images, water is black or dark blue, and clouds are pale blue and white. Plant-covered land is bright green, and bare earth is tan. In the lower image, taken at the height of the growing season, the agricultural fields are green. By April, the crops had been harvested and the land left bare. The slightly orange color suggests that the fields may have been burned to clear away the stubble. Hugging the west bank of the Parana River, the city of Rosario is a gray-colored spot on the landscape. The floods extend north beyond the top edge of this image, affecting nearly four million hectares (15,000 square miles) and more than 70,000 people in two Argentine states, said the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA [ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/MCON-6ZX4CN?OpenDocument ]). The flooding was amplified when up to 500 millimeters of rain—more than half the average yearly rainfall—fell over northern Argentina in the span of a few days at the end of March, said OCHA. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Fires and Thick Smoke over S …
Title Fires and Thick Smoke over South America
Description The skies over the heart of South America were thick with the smoke from thousands of fires on September 9, 2007. In this image from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov ], challenging for scientists to say what the overall effect of smoke on clouds and rainfall is. NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov ] and Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov ] satellites each have a MODIS sensor capable of detecting fires and mapping the extent of smoke aerosols on a daily basis. Scientists from around the world are using these data to advance our understanding of how natural and human-caused fires are changing our planet. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of the MODIS Rapid Response [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] team., satellite, locations where the sensor detected actively burning fires are marked with red dots. The skies are flooded with smoke, which pools along the eastern foothills of the Andes Mountains for thousands of kilometers. (North-to-south this image covers 3,050 kilometers, if we laid it over a map of the central United States, it would spill over the borders into both Canada and the Gulf of Mexico for at least a hundred kilometers in both directions.) Although naturally occurring fires are not uncommon in the drier forests and grasslands of South America, this type of intense, continent-spanning fire activity is almost certainly a product of human activities. Some fires are intentional, set by people to clear forest, savannas, and grasslands for ranching or farming. Other fires occur accidentally from human activities. Landscapes that have been disturbed by logging, fragmentation, or previous accidental fire are more prone to catch fire accidentally. In these situations, planned fires (such as brush clearing fires on already cleared land) can easily get out of control and invade other areas, especially during drought years. The image spans a variety of ecological regions. The top of the scene, including Peru, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil is home to the southernmost portions of the Amazon Rainforest. These wetter forests give way to the south to drier forests and more open woodlands in southern Bolivia, northwestern Paraguay and northern Argentina east of the Andes, this area is called the Chaco. In Uruguay and southern Brazil, the natural vegetation is savannas and grasslands. Even in ecosystems where fires occur naturally (the Chaco, savannas, and grasslands), human activities may change the frequency and intensity of fires. The number and different kinds of plants and animals may change as a result. And in the Amazon, naturally occurring fire was historically very rare, and trees and other plants have no real adaptations to fire. Fires in the rainforest have the potential to completely transform the Southern Amazon forests into a savanna. Fires influence not only the land surface, but the atmosphere as well. Research suggests that the impacts of smoke on the tropical atmosphere vary from place to place, season to season, and year to year. Studies have shown smoke reducing cloudiness over the Amazon itself, but not over the nearby ocean and not every year. The net impact on rainfall is also uncertain. Smoke particles suppress cloud formation by providing an over-abundance of condensation sites for water vapor. The water vapor spreads out over these particles, and it takes the cloud droplets longer to get big enough to fall as rain. The flip side, however, is that the smaller, lighter cloud droplets can rise much higher into the atmosphere, which ultimately invigorates updrafts, intensifies thunderstorms, and produces large hail and heavy rain. The competing effects in different areas and weather conditions make it extremely
Fires in Central South Ameri …
Title Fires in Central South America
Description A thick veil of smoke covered much of South America on September 14, 2004, as intense fires continued to burn in western Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Such widespread fires are not natural in the humid, tropical environment, and these were probably started to clear land for agriculture. As this image demonstrates, local agricultural fires can have a long reach. The smoke inhibits cloud formation and rainfall, which can impact a large area. In this case, the smoke is drifting northwest along the east side of the Andes Mountains, traveling well over a thousand kilometers from its point of origin. To learn more about the effects of fires in the Amazon, please read ?From Forest to Field: How Fire is Transforming the Amazon.? [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/AmazonFire/ ] To learn more about the impact of smoke on clouds and the energy balance of the Amazon, please read ?Clouds are Cooler than Smoke.? [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/SmokeClouds/ ] This image was acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on both the Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] and the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellites. The image is a mosaic of five separate granules (the data collected during a five minute period), and as such, shows a much larger area than a single MODIS scene. The large image provided above has a resolution of 500 meters per pixel. A closer view of the fires taken during a single Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] overpass is available from the MODIS Rapid Response Team. See also Fires Near Xingu River [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=12418 ] for more images of the biomass burning that has been ongoing in this region for more than two months. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the MODIS Rapid Response team.
Fires in Central South Ameri …
Title Fires in Central South America
Description On Feb. 26, 2003, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the Terra satellite captured an image of scattered fires burning across central South America. Most of the fires (red dots) are in Argentina (left), Paraguay (center), and southern Brazil (upper right). The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
Fires in South America
Title Fires in South America
Description From the Amazon Rainforest of Brazil, to the Pantanal Wetlands, to the Gran Chanco plains of Paraguay and Argentina, hundreds of fires were burning across South America on August 15, 2005. This image of the heart of the continent was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov ] satellite, and it shows fires marked in red and a cloud of smoke hanging over a large swath of the heart of the continent. The smoke appears to flow southward in a great river. Only the skies over the high deserts of Chile appear clear. The high-resolution image provided above has a spatial resolution of 500 meters per pixel. NASA image by Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] Goddard Space Flight Center.
Fires in South America
Title Fires in South America
Description In central South America, hundreds of fires were burning in the diverse landscapes of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina on August 28, 2005. This image spans the heart of the continent, from Amazon rainforests near the top of the scene to the savannas of southeastern Brazil. The image was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov ] satellite, and active fire detections made by the sensor are marked with red dots. Fire serves a variety of purposes in land management practices in South America, including renewal of pasture, burning of crop stubble, and the clearing of natural vegetation to make way for people. The high-resolution image provided above has a spatial resolution of 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at additional resolutions. NASA image by Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] Goddard Space Flight Center.
Fires Surrounding Xingu Nati …
Title Fires Surrounding Xingu National Park, Brazil
Description A plume of smoke from fires (red dots) in the Mato Grosso region of Brazil hangs over the center of this Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from the Terra satellite on June 16, 2003. At the top of the image, the Amazon Rainforest is becoming fragmented by areas of deforestation, which appear as geometric shapes of light green amid the deeper green of remaining forest. Right of center, a preserve/national park hangs like a pendulum down from the forests. This is the Xingu National Park and Indigenous Peoples Preserve. At bottom left in the image are Bolivia (north) and Paraguay (south). Running along the border of these two countries and Brazil is a large wetland ecosystem called the Pantanal. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
Fires in Central South Ameri …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
A thick veil of smoke covere …
modis_samerica_14sep04
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-09-14
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier modis_samerica_14sep04
Fires in Central South Ameri …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
A thick veil of smoke covere …
modis_samerica_14sep04
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-09-14
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier modis_samerica_14sep04
Floods in Northern Argentina …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
SParana_TMO_2007093
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2007-04-03
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier SParana_TMO_2007093
Fires in South America: Natu …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
In central South America, hu …
Brazil.TMOA2005240
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-08-28
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Brazil.TMOA2005240
Fires Surrounding Xingu Nati …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
A plume of smoke from fires …
Brazil.TMOA2003167
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003-06-16
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Brazil.TMOA2003167
Fires and Smoke Across South …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
The skies over the heart of …
samerica_amo_2007252
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2007-09-09
creator NASA -- NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of the rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ MODIS Rapid Response team.
identifier samerica_amo_2007252
Fires in South America: Natu …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
From the Amazon Rainforest o …
Brazil.TMOA2005227
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-08-15
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Brazil.TMOA2005227
Argentina and Paraguay : Ima …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Boasting the highest mountai …
paraguay_273_1425_500m
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2000-03-27
creator NASA -- Image courtesy modarch.gsfc.nasa.gov/ MODIS Science Team
identifier paraguay_273_1425_500m
Widespread Burning in South …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
*Full-size image* eoimages.g …
Bolivia_fires
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2001-09-19
creator NASA -- Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/ MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC
identifier Bolivia_fires
Iguacu Falls and Itapu Reser …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
iguazu_ast_200108
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003
creator NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team
identifier iguazu_ast_200108
Fires in Central South Ameri …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
On Feb. 26, 2003, the modis. …
Argentina.TMOA2003057
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003-02-26
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Argentina.TMOA2003057
Fire and Deforestation near …
PIA04362
Sol (our sun)
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroR …
Title Fire and Deforestation near the Xingu River
Original Caption Released with Image Numerous fires occurred near the headwaters of the Xingu River and the Xingu Indigenous Peoples' Reserve in Mato Grosso, Brazil, during late June and early July. These data products from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) depict smoke abundance and the heights attained by smoke plumes on June 29, 2004. The four image panels extend from the Xingu headwaters region (upper right), to the great alluvial fan of the Taquari River in Mato Grosso do Sul (lower left) and just beyond the Brazil-Paraguay border. In addition to the four-image panel, an animation, comparing the Xingu headwaters region on May 26, 2000 and May 21, 2004, illustrates land use changes that have occurred over the past four years. The opportunity for fires to occur in new areas of the Amazon forests tends to increase as new roads are established and more land is cleared. The left and center-left panels are natural color views from MISR's nadir and 70° backward-viewing cameras, respectively. A stereoscopic height field (center-right) and an aerosol optical depth retrieval (right) were generated using automated processing of data from multiple MISR cameras. Heights were retrieved for clouds, and also for smoke that exhibited sufficient spatial contrast between several view angles to be retrieved by MISR's feature matching algorithm. Several noticeably thick wisps of smoke (situated below and to the left of image center) echo the shapes of the northeast-southwest trending mountain ranges of the Planalto do Mato Grosso. Analysis of the wind-corrected stereo height field indicates that the smoke attained heights about 3.5 kilometers above the surface, and cumulus clouds attained heights about one kilometer higher. Terrain elevation data are displayed when the stereo matcher determines that a location is not covered by a feature above the surface, and areas where height could not be retrieved are shown in dark gray. In the lower left, a pall of smoke not clearly discernible at the nadir view is readily apparent at the 70° oblique view and in the aerosol retrieval. The aerosol optical depth retrieval utilizes changes in surface brightness and contrast at different view angles to obtain a quantitative measurement of aerosol amount. An optically thick atmosphere is indicated by green, yellow, orange or red pixels, and clearer skies are indicated by blue pixels. Areas where the smoke was too thick to see surface contrast, or where the presence of clouds precluded an aerosol retrieval, are shown in dark gray. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. The non-animated data products were generated from a portion of the imagery acquired during Terra orbits 24104, and the animation was derived from orbits 2333 and 23536. The still panels cover an area of about 380 kilometers x 1264 kilometers, and utilize data from blocks 99 to 106 within World Reference System-2 path 226. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology.
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