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San Marino Enclave in Italy
| Title |
San Marino Enclave in Italy |
| Description |
With an area of just 61 square kilometers (23.5 square miles), Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino (Italian for "Most Serene Republic of San Marino") is the third-littlest country in Europe, behind Monaco and Vatican City. With a population of just over 28,000 as of January 2005, it is also one of the least populous nations in the world. Located in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, near the Adriatic Sea, this tiny nation is surrounded by Italy. On June 7, 2001, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov ] satellite took this picture of San Marino and the part of Italy immediately surrounding it. The image shows a combination of vegetation (bright green), and buildings, pavement, and bare rock (blue-gray to white). Purplish-gray polygons are probably fallow agricultural land. Overhead, fluffy white clouds cast their charcoal-colored shadows over the land surface. The Apennine Mountains give the region a rough terrain, and the limestone Monte Titano dominates the area, with a fort perched on each of the mountain's three summits. According to legend, San Marino [ http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565721/San_Marino.html ] is the world's oldest surviving republic, dating back to 301. The original city sits atop Monte Titano. Today, however, development has spread throughout the republic, evidenced by the many areas of blue-gray and the meandering roads. Tourism has brought prosperity to this small republic, but historically, its rugged terrain and lack of wealth may have helped it escape the unwanted attention of potential invaders. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and the U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] |
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Fires in Southern Europe
| Title |
Fires in Southern Europe |
| Description |
Wildfires across the Balkans were filling the skies with smoke in late July 2007. This image of the area was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov ] satellite on July 29, 2007. Places where the sensor detected actively burning fires are marked with red dots. Thick smoke blows southward hundreds of kilometers from the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. The large image provided above has a spatial resolution (level of detail) of 250 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response Team provides twice-daily [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?Europe_3_03/ ] images of the region in additional resolutions. NASA image courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team, [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] Goddard Space Flight Center |
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Fires in the Balkans
| Title |
Fires in the Balkans |
| Description |
This Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from the Terra satellite shows fires (red dots) across Italy (left) and the Baltic countries along the east coast of the Adriatic Sea (upper left). This image was captured on August 13, 2003. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC |
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Fires in the Balkans
| Title |
Fires in the Balkans |
| Description |
Scattered fires (red dots) were detected across the Balkans on March 26, 2003, by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite. Countries shown include Italy (left center edge), Greece (below center), and Turkey (right edge). At upper right is the Black Sea, at center is the Aegean Sea, at upper left is the Adriatic Sea, and at bottom left is the Mediterranean Sea. North of Turkey are Bulgaria and Romania. Moving clockwise from top left are Croatia, Yugoslavia, Macedonia, and Albania. The bounded area to the north of Albania is now part of Yugoslavia. North is Bosnia-Herzegovina. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC |
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Flooding in Croatia
| Title |
Flooding in Croatia |
| Description |
Inky black splotches along Croatia?s Sava River show where the river has expanded in a springtime flood. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS) on the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite recorded the top scene on March 29, 2004 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004089-0329/Bosnia.A2004089.1000.721 ]. The region had recently been inundated with heavy rains, which undoubtedly were partially responsible for the floods. However, a Terra MODIS image taken on March 18 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004078-0318/Bosnia.A2004078.1020.721 ], hints that melting snow also contributed to the rising waters. On March 18, snow, shown in light blue in the false-color scenes, covered the Dinaric Alps along the Adriatic Sea. By March 29, most of the snow was gone. The high resolution images provided above are at MODIS? maximum resolution of 250 meter per pixel. Both the March 29 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004089-0329/Bosnia.A2004089.1000 ] image and the March 18 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004078-0318/Bosnia.A2004078.1020 ] image are also available in true-color. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC |
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Flooding in Croatia
| Title |
Flooding in Croatia |
| Description |
Inky black splotches along Croatia?s Sava River show where the river has expanded in a springtime flood. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS) on the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite recorded the top scene on March 29, 2004 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004089-0329/Bosnia.A2004089.1000.721 ]. The region had recently been inundated with heavy rains, which undoubtedly were partially responsible for the floods. However, a Terra MODIS image taken on March 18 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004078-0318/Bosnia.A2004078.1020.721 ], hints that melting snow also contributed to the rising waters. On March 18, snow, shown in light blue in the false-color scenes, covered the Dinaric Alps along the Adriatic Sea. By March 29, most of the snow was gone. The high resolution images provided above are at MODIS? maximum resolution of 250 meter per pixel. Both the March 29 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004089-0329/Bosnia.A2004089.1000 ] image and the March 18 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004078-0318/Bosnia.A2004078.1020 ] image are also available in true-color. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC |
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Flooding in Croatia: Natural
…
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima
…
Bosnia_TMO2004078
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2004-03-29 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
Bosnia_TMO2004078 |
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Venice, Italy: Image of the
…
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle
…
The city of canals, Venice s
…
Venice_TAS2001347
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2001-12-09 |
| creator |
NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team |
| identifier |
Venice_TAS2001347 |
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Fires in the Balkans: Natura
…
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Scattered fires (red dots) w
…
Greece.TMOA2003085
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2003-03-26 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
Greece.TMOA2003085 |
|
Fires in the Balkans: Natura
…
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
This modis.gsfc.nasa.gov Mod
…
Balkans.TMOA2003225
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2003-08-13 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
Balkans.TMOA2003225 |
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Aerosols over Central and Ea
…
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle
…
Particulate air pollution is
…
PIA04325
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2003-02-23 |
| creator |
NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/ MISR Team. Text by Clare Averill (Acro Service Corporation/JPL) |
| identifier |
PIA04325 |
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Haze over Europe: Natural Ha
…
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Particulate air pollution is
…
MISR_PIA04325
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2003-03-28 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day |
| identifier |
MISR_PIA04325 |
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San Marino Enclave in Italy:
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nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle
…
With an area of just 61 squa
…
sanmarino_ast_2001158
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2001-06-07 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and the U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team. |
| identifier |
sanmarino_ast_2001158 |
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Fires in Southern Europe: Im
…
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle
…
Wildfires across the Balkans
…
balk_TMO_2007210
| mediatype |
IMAGE |
| mediatype |
image |
| date |
2007-07-27 |
| creator |
NASA -- NASA image courtesy the rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center |
| identifier |
balk_TMO_2007210 |
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Aerosols over Central and Ea
…
PIA04325
Sol (our sun)
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroR
…
| Title |
Aerosols over Central and Eastern Europe |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Particulate air pollution is a complex mixture of particles of varying origins and compositions. Determining the type and abundance of tiny airborne particles, known as aerosols, is needed for monitoring air quality and for understanding climate change. During the last weeks of March 2003, unusually high and widespread aerosol pollution was detected over Europe by several satellite-borne instruments. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite determines aerosol amount and information about particle properties by examining the variation in scene brightness at different view angles. These images and data products illustrate the amount of aerosols on two dates over parts of Central and Eastern Europe, from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Adriatic Sea in the south. Two groups of three panels are shown. Within each group, the left and center views are natural-color images from MISR's vertical-viewing (nadir) and most obliquely forward-viewing cameras, respectively, and the right-hand panel is a map of retrieved aerosol amount, parameterized by a quantity called the optical depth. A color scale is used to represent this quantity, and high aerosol amount is indicated by yellow or green pixels, and clearer skies are indicated by blue pixels. The left-hand group of panels is comprised of data acquired on February 23, 2003, when most of the land area was still partially frozen. The right-hand group of panels portrays the same area about one month later, on March 27. The nadir camera enables surface features to stand out most clearly, whereas MISR's oblique cameras enhance sensitivity to even thin layers of aerosols. In the March image, the only strong indications of haze from the nadir view are the thin tendrils of grayish pixels over the dark waters of the Baltic Sea. Although aerosols are conventionally difficult to discern over bright surfaces, MISR is able to produce an aerosol abundance map for both the earlier snow-covered scene and for the later date, though fewer successful retrievals were obtained in the winter data. Skies were relatively clear in the earlier view, and the high optical depths implied by the red pixels are probably blunders due either to the homogeneity of the underlying snow-covered surface or the presence of unscreened clouds. In contrast, the March data show a thick haze over most of the lower-elevation parts of the observed area. Optical depths are relatively lower over the Julian Alps and the mountains of western Croatia (just north of the Adriatic), whereas higher abundances are observed to the north of the mountains and over eastern Croatia. There is a gradual transition from higher optical depths in western Poland to lower optical depths in Lithuania and along the eastern coast of the Baltic. Higher optical depths are also indicated over much of Hungary, Slovakia and eastern Austria. Places where clouds or other factors precluded an aerosol retrieval are otherwise shown in, dark gray. An overview [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=8637 ] of the haze extent and meteorological conditions for March 28, 2003 is also available from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) sensor. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. These data products were generated from a portion of the imagery acquired during Terra orbits 16937 and 17403. The panels cover an area of about 380 kilometers x 1775 kilometers, and use data from blocks 43 to 55 within World Reference System-2 path 190. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory,Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute ofTechnology. |
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