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3-D Perspective Kamchatka Pe …
Title 3-D Perspective Kamchatka Peninsula Russia
Full Description This perspective view shows the western side of the volcanically active Kamchatka Peninsula in eastern Russia. The image was generated using the first data collected during the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). In the foreground is the Sea of Okhotsk. Inland from the coast, vegetated floodplains and low relief hills rise toward snow capped peaks. The topographic effects on snow and vegetation distribution are very clear in this near-horizontal view. Forming the skyline is the Sredinnyy Khrebet, the volcanic mountain range that makes up the spine of the peninsula. High resolution SRTM topographic data will be used by geologists to study how volcanoes form and to understand the hazards posed by future eruptions. This image was generated using topographic data from SRTM and an enhanced true-color image from the Landsat 7 satellite. This image contains about 2,400 meters (7,880 feet) of total relief. The topographic expression was enhanced by adding artificial shading as calculated from the SRTM elevation model. The Landsat data was provided by the United States Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observations Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. SRTM, launched on February 11, 2000, used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. To collect the 3-D SRTM data, engineers added a 60- meter-long (200-foot) mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices. SRTM collected three dimensional measurements of nearly 80 percent of the Earth's surface. SRTM is a cooperative project between NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense, and the German and Italian space agencies. Size: 33.3 km (20.6 miles) wide x 136 km (84 miles) coast to skyline. Location: 58.3 deg. North lat., 160 deg. East long. Orientation: Easterly view, 2 degrees down from horizontal. Original Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet). Vertical Exaggeration: 3 times.
Date 02/12/2000
NASA Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Atlantis Docked to Mir
Title Atlantis Docked to Mir
Full Description This view of the Space Shuttle Atlantis still connected to Russia's Mir Space Station was photographed by the Mir-19 crew on July 4, 1995. Cosmonauts Anatoliy Y. Solovyev and Nikolai M. Budarin, Mir-19 Commander and Flight Engineer, respectively, temporarily undocked the Soyuz spacecraft from the cluster of Mir elements to perform a brief fly-around. They took pictures while the STS-71 crew, with Mir-18's three crew members aboard, undocked Atlantis for the completion of this leg of the joint activities. Solovyev and Budarin had been taxied to the Mir Space Station by the STS-71 ascent trip of Atlantis.
Date 07/04/1995
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Cosmonaut Polyakov Watches D …
Title Cosmonaut Polyakov Watches Discovery's Rendezvous With Mir
Full Description Cosmonaut Valeriy V. Polyakov, who boarded Russia's Mir space station on January 8, 1994, looks out Mir's window during rendezvous operations with the Space Shuttle Discovery.
Date 02/06/1995
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Technical Rendition of STS-7 …
Title Technical Rendition of STS-71 Docked to Mir
Full Description Shown is a technical rendition of the Space Shuttle Atlantis docked to the Kristall module of the Russian Mir Space Station. The configuration shown is that of STS-71/Mir Expedition 18, a joint U.S. Russian mission completed in June 1995. The Space Shuttle/Mir combination, which was the largest space platform ever assembled, is shown overflying the Lake Baikal region of Russia. The Space Shuttle Atlantis appears in a new configuration for the STS-71 flight. The Russian developed Androgynous Peripheral Docking System (APDS) is used to link the Orbiter to the Kristall module. The APDS is mounted atop the U.S. developed external airlock that connects to a modified tunnel section leading to the Spacelab module in the far aft of the payload bay. Mir is shown in its 6 module configuration. The Kristall module has rotated to the forward docking port of the Mir Base Block to facilitate the docking of the Space Shuttle. The Priroda module is shown extending over the port wing of the Orbiter with its solar panel in the retracted position required by the dynamics of Orbiter/Mir docking. The Kvant 2 airlock module appears parallel to the Orbiter crew module, while the Spektr module is at the nadir and is hidden from view by the port solar panel of the Mir Base Block. The Kvant module is shown at the aft of the Mir Base Block with the solar panels of the Kristall module installed and fully extended. The Soyuz TM transport vehicle used for the launch and docking of the Mir Expedition 18 crew is docked to Kvant.
Date 1993
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Shannon Lucid Trains in Russ …
Name of Image Shannon Lucid Trains in Russia
Date of Image 1995-08-09
Full Description Astronaut Shannon Lucid is seen egressing from a training version of a soyez spacecraft, during a water survival training session in Russia. In March of 1996, Lucid accompanied the STS-76 crew to the Russian space station, Mir, where she stayed for a little over four months before returning to Earth with the STS-79 crew.
STS-105 Crew Insignia
Name of Image STS-105 Crew Insignia
Date of Image 2001-04-01
Full Description The STS-105 crew patch symbolizes the exchange of the Expedition Two and Expedition Three crews aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The three gold stars near the ascending orbiter represent the U.S. commanded Expedition Three Crew journeying into space, while the two gold stars near the descending orbiter represent the Russian commanded Expedition Two crew on their return to Earth. The ascending and descending Orbiters form a circle that represents both the crew rotation and the continuous presence in space aboard the station. The plumes of each orbiter represent the flags of the U.S. and Russia, symbolizing the close cooperation between the two nations. The Astronaut office symbol, a star with three rays of light, depicts the unbroken link between Earth and the brightest star on the horizon, the ISS. The names of Discovery's crew of four astronauts are shown along the border of the patch while the names of the Expedition crews are shown on the chevron at the bottom of the patch.
Protein Crystal Growth Sampl …
Name of Image Protein Crystal Growth Samples Placed Aboard Mir Space Station
Date of Image 1996-03-24
Full Description Astronaut Michael Clifford places a liquid nitrogen Dewar containing frozen protein solutions aboard Russia's space station Mir during a visit by the Space Shuttle (STS-76). The protein samples were flash-frozen on Earth and will be allowed to thaw and crystallize in the microgravity environment on Mir Space Station. A later crew will return the Dewar to Earth for sample analysis. Dr. Alexander McPherson of the University of California at Riverside is the principal investigator. Photo credit: NASA/Johnson Space Center.
Protein Crystal Growth Sampl …
Name of Image Protein Crystal Growth Samples Placed Aboard Mir Space Station
Date of Image 1996-09-20
Full Description Astronaut Tom Akers places a liquid nitrogen Dewar containing frozen protein solutions aboard Russia's space Station Mir during a visit by the Space Shuttle (STS-79). The protein samples were flash-frozen on Earth and will be allowed to thaw and crystallize in the microgravity environment on Mir Space Station. A later crew will return the Dewar to Earth for sample analysis. Dr. Alexander McPherson of the University of California at Riverside is the principal investigator. Photo credit: NASA/Johnson Space Center.
STS-88 Mission Insignia
Name of Image STS-88 Mission Insignia
Date of Image 1998-11-08
Full Description Designed by the STS-88 crew members, this patch commemorates the first assembly flight to carry United States-built hardware for constructing the International Space Station (ISS). This flight's primary task was to assemble the cornerstone of the Space Station: the Node with the Functional Cargo Block (FGB). The rising sun symbolizes the dawning of a new era of international cooperation in space and the beginning of a new program: the International Space Station. The Earth scene outlines the countries of the Station Partners: the United States, Russia, those of the European Space Agency (ESA), Japan, and Canada. Along with the Pressurized Mating Adapters (PMA) and the Functional Cargo Block, the Node is shown in the final mated configuration while berthed to the Space Shuttle during the STS-88/2A mission. The Big Dipper Constellation points the way to the North Star, a guiding light for pioneers and explorers for generations. In the words of the crew, These stars symbolize the efforts of everyone, including all the countries involved in the design and construction of the International Space Station, guiding us into the future.
Mir and Space Shuttle Operat …
Name of Image Mir and Space Shuttle Operations
Date of Image 1995-02-06
Full Description STS-63, Spacelab-3, and Russia's Space Station, Mir during rendezvous operations with the space shuttle.
Phase III of the Internation …
Name of Image Phase III of the International Space Station (ISS) concept
Date of Image 1995-07-11
Full Description Phase II of the International Space Station (ISS) concept is shown here with the Space Shuttle docked to it. The Station is shown here in its completed and fully operational state with elements from the United States, Europe, Canada, Japan, and Russia. Sixteen countries are cooperating to provide a multidisciplinary laboratory, technology test bed, and observatory that will provide an unprecedented undertaking in scientific, technological, and international experimentation.
Computer Generated Depiction …
Name of Image Computer Generated Depiction of Shuttle Docked to Space Station
Date of Image 1995-04-17
Full Description International Cooperation Phase III: A Space Shuttle docked to the International Space Station (ISS) in this computer generated representation of the ISS in its completed and fully operational state with elements from the U.S., Europe, Canada, Japan, and Russia.
STS-76 Crew Portrait
Name of Image STS-76 Crew Portrait
Date of Image 1995-11-08
Full Description These six NASA astronauts launched into space aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on March 22, 1996 for the STS-76 mission. Pictured on the front row, left to right, are astronauts Ronald M. Sega, mission specialist, Kevin P. Chilton, mission commander, and Richard A. Searfoss, pilot. On the back row, left to right, are mission specialists Michael R. (Rich) Clifford, Shannon W. Lucid, and Linda M. Godwin. The third U.S. Shuttle-Mir docking, STS-76 began a new period of international cooperation in space exploration with the first Shuttle transport of a United States astronaut (Lucid) to Russia?s Mir Space Station for extended joint space research. Clifford and Godwin, pictured here in training versions of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), performed the first Extravehicular Activity (EVA) during Mir-Shuttle docked operations.
STS-76 Mission Insignia
Name of Image STS-76 Mission Insignia
Date of Image 1995-11-12
Full Description The STS-76 crew patch depicts the Space Shuttle Atlantis and Russia's Mir Space Station as the space ships prepare for a rendezvous and docking. The Spirit of 76, an era of new beginnings, is represented by the Space Shuttle rising through the circle of 13 stars in the Betsy Ross flag. STS-76 begins a new period of international cooperation in space exploration with the first Shuttle transport of a United States astronaut, Shannon W. Lucid, to the Mir Space Station for extended joint space research. Frontiers for future exploration are represented by stars and the planets. The three gold trails and the ring of stars in union form the astronaut logo. Two suited extravehicular activity (EVA) crew members in the outer ring represent the first EVA during Shuttle-Mir docked operations. The EVA objectives were to install science experiments on the Mir exterior and to develop procedures for future EVA's on the International Space Station. The surnames of the crew members encircle the patch: Kevin P. Chilton, mission commander, Richard A. Searfoss, pilot, Ronald M. Sega, Michael R. ( Rich) Clifford, Linda M. Godwin and Lucid, all mission specialists. This patch was designed by Brandon Clifford, age 12, and the crew members of STS-76.
STS-81 Mission Insignia
Name of Image STS-81 Mission Insignia
Date of Image 1996-06-01
Full Description The crew patch for STS-81 , the fifth Shuttle-Mir docking mission, is shaped to represent the Roman numeral V. The Shuttle Atlantis is launching toward a rendezvous with Russia's Mir Space Station, silhouetted in the background. Atlantis and the STS-81 crew spent several days docked to Mir during which time Jerry M. Lineger (NASA-Mir-4) replaced astronaut John Blaha (NASA-Mir-3) as the U.S. crew member onboard Mir. The U.S. and Russian flags are depicted along with the names of the shuttle crew.
Undocking of Space Shuttle A …
Name of Image Undocking of Space Shuttle Atlantis and Mir Space Station
Date of Image 1995-07-04
Full Description STS-71, Space Shuttle Atlantis still cornected to Russia's Mir Space Station, was taken by the Mir crew. Cosmonauts Solovyuv and Budarin temporarily unparked the Soyuz for the cluster of Mir eleme.
Russian Rocket Engine Test
Name of Image Russian Rocket Engine Test
Date of Image 1998-11-04
Full Description NASA engineers successfully tested a Russian-built rocket engine on November 4, 1998 at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Advanced Engine Test Facility, which had been used for testing the Saturn V F-1 engines and Space Shuttle Main engines. The MSFC was under a Space Act Agreement with Lockheed Martin Astronautics of Denver to provide a series of test firings of the Atlas III propulsion system configured with the Russian-designed RD-180 engine. The tests were designed to measure the performance of the Atlas III propulsion system, which included avionics and propellant tanks and lines, and how these components interacted with the RD-180 engine. The RD-180 is powered by kerosene and liquid oxygen, the same fuel mix used in Saturn rockets. The RD-180, the most powerful rocket engine tested at the MSFC since Saturn rocket tests in the 1960s, generated 860,000 pounds of thrust. The test was the first test ever anywhere outside Russia of a Russian designed and built engine.
STS-76 Onboard View
Name of Image STS-76 Onboard View
Date of Image 1996-03-22
Full Description Astronaut Ronald M. Sega, payload commander, works in the glovebox facility in the Spacehab laboratory aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. The Spacehab facility was one f the busier research areas on Atlantis during the STS-76 mission. Also, some of the gear for transfer to Russia's Mir Space Station was stowed there prior to the March 23, 1996 docking of Atlantis.
Compton Gamma-Ray Observator …
Name of Image Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
Date of Image 1991-04-01
Full Description This photograph shows the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO) being deployed by the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis during the STS-37 mission in April 1991. The GRO reentered Earth atmosphere and ended its successful mission in June 2000. For nearly 9 years, the GRO Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), designed and built by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), kept an unblinking watch on the universe to alert scientists to the invisible, mysterious gamma-ray bursts that had puzzled them for decades. By studying gamma-rays from objects like black holes, pulsars, quasars, neutron stars, and other exotic objects, scientists could discover clues to the birth, evolution, and death of stars, galaxies, and the universe. The gamma-ray instrument was one of four major science instruments aboard the Compton. It consisted of eight detectors, or modules, located at each corner of the rectangular satellite to simultaneously scan the entire universe for bursts of gamma-rays ranging in duration from fractions of a second to minutes. In January 1999, the instrument, via the Internet, cued a computer-controlled telescope at Las Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, within 20 seconds of registering a burst. With this capability, the gamma-ray experiment came to serve as a gamma-ray burst alert for the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and major gound-based observatories around the world. Thirty-seven universities, observatories, and NASA centers in 19 states, and 11 more institutions in Europe and Russia, participated in the BATSE science program.
International Space Station …
Name of Image International Space Station Assembly
Date of Image 1999-01-01
Full Description The International Space Station (ISS) is an unparalleled international scientific and technological cooperative venture that will usher in a new era of human space exploration and research and provide benefits to people on Earth. On-Orbit assembly began on November 20, 1998, with the launch of the first ISS component, Zarya, on a Russian Proton rocket. The Space Shuttle followed on December 4, 1998, carrying the U.S.-built Unity cornecting Module. Sixteen nations are participating in the ISS program: the United States, Canada, Japan, Russia, Brazil, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The ISS will include six laboratories and be four times larger and more capable than any previous space station. The United States provides two laboratories (United States Laboratory and Centrifuge Accommodation Module) and a habitation module. There will be two Russian research modules, one Japanese laboratory, referred to as the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), and one European Space Agency (ESA) laboratory called the Columbus Orbital Facility (COF). The station's internal volume will be roughly equivalent to the passenger cabin volume of two 747 jets. Over five years, a total of more than 40 space flights by at least three different vehicles - the Space Shuttle, the Russian Proton Rocket, and the Russian Soyuz rocket - will bring together more than 100 different station components and the ISS crew. Astronauts will perform many spacewalks and use new robotics and other technologies to assemble ISS components in space.
STS-101 Mission Insignia
Name of Image STS-101 Mission Insignia
Date of Image 2000-03-08
Full Description The STS-101 mission patch commemorates the third Space Shuttle flight supporting the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS). This flight's primary tasks were to outfit the ISS and extend its lifetime, to conduct a space walk to install external components in preparation for the docking of the Russian Service Module, Zvezda, and the arrival of the first ISS crew. The Space Shuttle is depicted in an orbit configuration prior to docking with the ISS. The ISS is depicted in the stage of assembly completed for the STS-101 mission, which consists of the United States built Unity module and the Russian-built Zarya module. The three large stars represent the third ISS mission in the assembly sequence. The elements and colors of the border reflect the flags of the nations represented by the STS-101 crew members, the United States, and Russia.
STS-89 Mission Insignia
Name of Image STS-89 Mission Insignia
Date of Image 1998-01-08
Full Description In the STS-89 crew insignia, the link between the United States and Russia is symbolically represented by the Space Shuttle Endeavour and Russia's Mir Space Station orbiting above the Bering Strait between Siberia and Alaska. The success of the joint United States-Russian missions is depicted by the Space Shuttle and Mir colored by the rising sun in the background. A shadowed representation of the International Space Station (ISS) rising with the sun represents the future program for which the Shuttle-Mir missions are prototypes. The inside rim of the insignia describes the outline of the number eight representing STS-89 as the eighth Shuttle/Mir docking mission. The nine stars represent the nine joint missions to be flown of the program and when combined with the number eight in the rim, reflect the mission number. The nine stars also symbolize the children of the crew members who will be the future beneficiaries of the joint development work of the space programs of the two countries. Along the rim are the crew members' names with David A. Wolf's name on the left and Andrew S. W. Thomas' name on the right, the returning and upgoing cosmonaut guest researcher crew members. In between and at the bottom is the name of Salizan S. Sharipov, payload specialist representing Russian Space Agency (RSA), in Cyrillic alphabet. The other crew members are Terrence W. Wilcutt, commander, Joe F. Edwards, Jr., pilot, and mission specialists Michael P. Anderson, Bonnie J. Dunbar, and James F. Reilly. The red, white and blue of the rim reflect the colors of the American and Russian flags which are also represented in the rim on either side of the joined spacecraft.
STS-86 Insignia
Name of Image STS-86 Insignia
Date of Image 1997-09-08
Full Description The STS-86 flight was the seventh shuttle-Mir docking mission, symbolized by seven stars. The international crew includes astronauts from the United States, Russia, and France. The flags of these nations are incorporated in the rays of the astronaut logo. The rays of light streaking across the sky depict the orbital tracks of the two spacecraft as they prepare to dock. During the flight, an American astronaut and a Russian cosmonaut will perform an extravehicular activity (EVA). The mercator projection of Earth illustrates the global cooperative nature of the flight.
Compton Gamma-Ray Observator …
Name of Image Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
Date of Image 1991-04-01
Full Description This photograph shows the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory being released from the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis during the STS-35 mission in April 1991. The GRO reentered the Earth's atmosphere and ended its successful mission in June 2000. For nearly 9 years, GRO's Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), designed and built by the Marshall Space Flight Center, kept an unblinking watch on the universe to alert scientist to the invisible, mysterious gamma-ray bursts that had puzzled them for decades. By studying gamma-rays from objects like black holes, pulsars, quasars, neutron stars, and other exotic objects, scientists could discover clues to the birth, evolution, and death of star, galaxies, and the universe. The gamma-ray instrument was one of four major science instruments aboard the Compton. It consisted of eight detectors, or modules, located at each corner of the rectangular satellite to simultaneously scan the entire universe for bursts of gamma-rays ranging in duration from fractions of a second to minutes. In January 1999, the instrument, via the Internet, cued a computer-controlled telescope at Las Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, within 20 seconds of registering a burst. With this capability, the gamma-ray experiment came to serve as a gamma-ray burst alert for the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and major gound-based observatories around the world. Thirty-seven universities, observatories, and NASA centers in 19 states, and 11 more institutions in Europe and Russia, participated in BATSE's science program.
STS-63 Mission Insignia
Name of Image STS-63 Mission Insignia
Date of Image 1994-10-08
Full Description Designed by the crew members, the STS-63 crew patch depicts the orbiter maneuvering to rendezvous with Russia's Space Station Mir. The name is printed in Cyrillic on the side of the station. Visible in the Orbiter's payload bay are the commercial space laboratory Spacehab and the Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy (SPARTAN) satellite which are major payloads on the flight. The six points on the rising sun and the three stars are symbolic of the mission's Space Transportation System (STS) numerical designation. Flags of the United States and Russia at the bottom of the patch symbolize the cooperative operations of this mission.
STS-71 Mission Insignia
Name of Image STS-71 Mission Insignia
Date of Image 1995-04-06
Full Description The STS-71 crew patch design depicts the orbiter Atlantis in the process of the first international docking mission of the Space Shuttle Atlantis with the Russian Space Station Mir. The names of the 10 astronauts and cosmonauts who flew aboard the orbiter are shown along the outer border of the patch. The rising sun symbolizes the dawn of a new era of cooperation between the two countries. The vehicles Atlantis and Mir are shown in separate circles converging at the center of the emblem symbolizing the merger of the space programs of the two space faring nations. The flags of the United States and Russia emphasize the equal partnership of the mission. The joint program symbol at the lower center of the patch acknowledges the extensive contributions made by the Mission Control Centers (MCC) of both countries. The crew insignia was designed by aviation and space artist, Bob McCall, who also designed the crew patch for the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) in 1975, the first international space docking mission.
STS-74 Mission Insignia
Name of Image STS-74 Mission Insignia
Date of Image 1995-07-07
Full Description The STS-74 crew patch depicts the orbiter Atlantis docked to the Russian Space Station Mir. The central focus is on the Russian-built docking module, drawn with shading to accentuate its pivotal importance to both STS-74 and the NASA-Mir Program. The rainbow across the horizon represents the Earth's atmosphere, the thin membrane protecting all nations, while the three flags across the bottom show those nations participating in STS-74: Russia, Canada, and the United States. The sunrise is symbolic of the dawn of a new era in NASA space flight , that of International Space Station construction.
Mir Dreams
Title Mir Dreams
Explanation This dream-like image of Mir [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/mir/ ] was recorded by astronauts as the Space Shuttle Atlantis [ http://kids.msfc.nasa.gov/Rockets/ShuttleNames.asp ] approached the Russian space station prior to docking during the STS-76 mission [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-76/ index.html ]. Sporting spindly appendages and solar panels, Mir resembles a whimsical flying insect hovering about 350 kilometers above New Zealand's [ http://www.rasnz.org.nz/index.htm ] South Island and the city of Nelson [ http://webnz.com/nelsonarts/foundations.html ], near Cook Strait [ http://www.south-pole.com/p0000071.htm ]. In late March 1996, Atlantis shuttled astronaut Shannon W. Lucid [ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lucid.html ] to Mir for a five month visit, increasing Mir's occupancy from 2 to 3. It returned to pick Lucid up and drop off astronaut John Blaha [ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/blaha.html ] during the STS-79 mission [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-79/mission-sts-79.html ] in August of that year. Since becoming operational in 1986, Mir has [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/mir/mirvis.html ] been visited by over 100 spacefarers from the nations of planet Earth including, Russia, the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Japan, Austria, Kazakhstan and Slovakia. After joint Shuttle-Mir [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/ ] training missions in support of the International Space Station [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/index.html ], continuous occupation of Mir ended in August 1999. Mir is still in orbit and its operation is now being pursued by commercial interests [ http://www.mirstation.com/index.html ].
The Moons Of Earth
Title The Moons Of Earth
Explanation While orbiting the planet during their June 1998 mission, the crew of the Space Shuttle Discovery photographed this view [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-91/images/ postflight/ ] of two moons of Earth. Thick storm clouds are visible in the lovely blue planet's nurturing atmosphere [ http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/ atmosphere.html ] and its largest artificial moon, the spindly Russian Mir space station [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980703.html ], can be seen [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/osf/mir/mirvis.html ] above the planet's limb. The bright spot to the right of Mir is Earth's very large natural satellite [ http://lunar.arc.nasa.gov/ ], The Moon. The Mir [ http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir.html ] orbits planet Earth [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html ] once every 90 minutes about 200 miles above the planet's surface or about 4,000 miles from Earth's center. The Moon [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html ] orbits once every 28 days at a distance of about 250,000 miles from the center of the Earth [ http://www.math.technion.ac.il/~rl/JulesVerne/vt/c_earth/ ]. Russia now plans to deorbit [ http://www.russianspaceweb.com/ ] the Mir space station after 15 years [ http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir_chronology.html ] of operation.
A Supply Ship Approaches the …
Title A Supply Ship Approaches the Space Station
Explanation Looking out a window of the International Space Station [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap060920.html ] brings breathtaking views. Visible vistas include a vast and colorful Earth, a deep dark sky, and an occasional spaceship sent to visit the station. Visible on September 20 of last year was a Soyuz TMA-9 spacecraft [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-9 ] carrying not only supplies but also three new astronauts. A few days before this picture [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-13/html/iss013e82934.html ] was taken, the U.S. Space Shuttle Atlantis [ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=so8axV56ujY ] had just departed. The three new approaching astronauts were American Michael E. Lopez-Alegria [ http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition14/exp14_interview_lopez-alegria.html ], Russian Mikhail Tyurin [ http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition14/exp14_interview_tyurin.html ], and Iranian-American Anousheh Ansari [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari ]. Ms. Ansari visited the International Space Station (ISS) briefly as a paying spaceflight participant for the Federal Space Agency [ http://www.roscosmos.ru/index.asp?Lang=ENG ] of Russia, and wrote a popular blog [ http://spaceblog.xprize.org/ ] about her experiences. Lopez-Alegria would lead the ISS crew dubbed Expedition 14 [ http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition14/index.html ], which included the flight engineer and Soyuz pilot Tyurin, flight engineer American Sunita Williams [ http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition14/exp14_interview_williams.html ], and flight engineer German Thomas Reiter [ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/reiter-t.html ]. Tyurin returned [ http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html ] to the Earth with Lopez-Alegria this past week.
The Space Shuttle Docked wit …
Title The Space Shuttle Docked with Mir
Explanation Before there was the International Space Station [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020423.html ], the reigning orbiting spaceport was Russia's Mir. Pictured above [ http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001315.html ] in 1995, the United States Space Shuttle Atlantis [ http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/atlantis.html ] docked with the segmented Mir [ http://www.cosmicimages.com/Mir/index.html ]. During shuttle mission STS-71 [ http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/shuttle/missions/sts-71/mission-sts-71.html ], astronauts answered questions from school students over amateur radio [ http://www.arrl.org/hamradio.html ] and performed science experiments [ http://www.sciserv.org/isef/ ] aboard Spacelab [ http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/sts71/sts71.stm ]. The Spacelab experiments helped to increase understanding of the effects of long-duration space flights [ http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/news/expandnews.cfm?id=988 ] on the human body [ http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/ ]. Last year, after 15 years of successful service, the decaying Mir space station [ http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir_close_calls.html ] broke up as it entered [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010323.html ] the Earth's atmosphere [ http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/earth/atmosphere.html ].
Mir is 10
Title Mir is 10
Explanation The first module of the Russian Space Agency's Mir Space Station [ http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/mir/Welcome.html ] was launched into orbit 10 years ago (on February 20, 1986). Mir has since been substantially expanded [ http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/rsa/mir.html ] in orbit by adding additional modules including the Kvant Astrophysics Module [ http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/kvant.html ](1987) and recently a docking module. NASA's Space Shuttle Atlantis [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950812.html ] was modified to allow it to dock with Mir in 1995 (STS-71, [ http://lib04.jsc.nasa.gov/sts-71/ ], STS 74 [ http://lib04.jsc.nasa.gov/sts-74/glance/ ]) beginning a series of Shuttle-Mir flights [ http://www.rzg.mpg.de/~bdp/vsohp/mir-shuttle.html ] scheduled to continue through 1997. In this wide angle view - poised above planet Earth with sunlight glinting from solar panels - Mir and Atlantis are seen connected via the docking module from the perspective of the shuttle payload bay. The image is from an IMAX movie frame [ http://lib04.jsc.nasa.gov/sts-74/images/imax/ ] taken during the STS 74 mission. In late 1997, building on this jointly developed understanding and experience, the US and Russia will launch the first modules of the International Space Station [ http://issa-www.jsc.nasa.gov/ss/spacestation.html ].
Atlantis Approaches Mir
Title Atlantis Approaches Mir
Explanation Imagine flying though space and approaching the Mir space station [ http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/mir/Welcome.html ]. The crew [ http://shuttle.nasa.gov/sts-76/crew/ ] of the Space Shuttle Atlantis [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950812.html ] did just this in a mission that ended only two days ago. Mir, now 10 years old [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960310.html ], is equipped for scientific experiments [ http://shuttle-mir.nasa.gov/science/brochure/toc.html ] in astronomy, physics, materials, biology and chemistry. The top most module [ http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/mir/progress.html ] on Mir [ http://shuttle-mir.nasa.gov/science/brochure/toc.html ] is an unmanned supply ship used to send food and supplies. The next module with the long boom [ http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/mir/kvant.html ] carries telescopes and essential flight equipment and connects to the core module [ http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/mir/mircore.html ] with living quarters and solar panels. To the left is the Spektr module [ http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/mir/spektr.html ] carrying solar arrays and scientific equipment while on the right is a scientific module [ http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/mir/kvant2.html ] that also carries an airlock. The docking module [ http://www.osf.hq.nasa.gov/mir/dock.html ] seen at the bottom is the ultimate destination of Atlantis. The STS-76 mission [ http://lib04.jsc.nasa.gov/sts-76/glance/ ] left astronaut Shannon Lucid [ http://shuttle.nasa.gov/sts-76/crew/lucid.html ] for a planned five month stay. Four more shuttle flights [ http://www.rzg.mpg.de/~bdp/vsohp/mir-shuttle.html ] are currently planned to Mir, keeping a NASA astronaut continuously in space until late 1997. In late 1997, building on this jointly developed understanding and experience, the US and Russia will launch the first modules of the International Space Station [ http://issa-www.jsc.nasa.gov/index.shtml ].
Mir Dreams
Title Mir Dreams
Explanation This dream [ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mir/day.html ]-like image of Mir [ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mir/tour.html ] was recorded by astronauts as the Space Shuttle Atlantis [ http://kids.msfc.nasa.gov/Rockets/ShuttleNames.asp ] approached the Russian space station prior to docking during the STS-76 mission. Sporting spindly appendages and solar panels, Mir resembles a whimsical flying insect hovering about 350 kilometers above New Zealand's [ http://www.rasnz.org.nz/index.htm ] South Island and the city of Nelson near Cook Strait [ http://www.south-pole.com/p0000071.htm ]. In late March 1996, Atlantis shuttled astronaut Shannon W. Lucid [ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lucid.html ] to Mir for a five month visit, increasing Mir's occupancy from 2 to 3. It returned to pick Lucid up and drop off astronaut John Blaha [ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/blaha.html ] during the STS-79 mission [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-79/mission-sts-79.html ] in August of that year. Since becoming operational in 1986, Mir has [ http://www.cosmicimages.com/Mir/index.html ] been visited by over 100 spacefarers from the nations of planet Earth including, Russia, the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Japan, Austria, Kazakhstan and Slovakia. After joint Shuttle-Mir [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/ ] training missions in support of the International Space Station [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/index.html ], continuous occupation of Mir ended in August 1999. The Mir was deorbited [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010323.html ] in March 2001.
Mir Dreams
Title Mir Dreams
Explanation This dream [ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mir/day.html ]-like image of Mir [ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mir/tour.html ] was recorded by astronauts as the space shuttle orbiter Atlantis [ http://kids.msfc.nasa.gov/Rockets/ShuttleNames.asp ] approached the Russian space station prior to docking during the STS-76 mission in 1996. Sporting spindly appendages and solar panels, Mir resembles a whimsical flying insect hovering about 350 kilometers above New Zealand's [ http://www.rasnz.org.nz/index.htm ] South Island and the city of Nelson near Cook [ http://www.south-pole.com/p0000071.htm ] Strait. Mir was launched 20 years ago [ http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir.html ] this week, and served as a continuously occupied orbital outpost [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/ ] until August 1999. Mir was visited by over 100 spacefarers from the nations of planet Earth including, Russia, the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Japan, Austria, Kazakhstan and Slovakia. The Mir was deorbited [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010323.html ] in March 2001.
Mission commander James Weth …
Title Mission commander James Wetherbee on the forward flight deck
Description Seated at the commander's station on the Space Shuttle Discovery's flight deck, astronaut James D. Wetherbee, commander was photographed by a crewmate during early phases of the STS-63 mission. A great deal of time was spent during the first few days of the mission to check a leaky thruster, which could have had a negative influence on the rendezvous operations with Russia's Mir space station.
Date 02.03.1995
STS-101 crew heads for Astro …
Title STS-101 crew heads for Astrovan and trip to launch pad
Description The STS-101 crew show their joy and eagerness to begin their mission as they had to the Astrovan for the trip to Launch Pad 39A and the fourth attempt at launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis. In their orange launch and entry suits, they are (left to right) Mission Specialists Susan J. Helms, Yury Usachev of Russia, James S. Voss, Mary Ellen Weber, Jeffrey N. Williams, Pilot Scott "Doc" Horowitz, and Commander James D. Halsell Jr. The mission will take the crew to the International Space Station to deliver logistics and supplies and to prepare the Station for the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module, expected to be launched by Russia in July 2000. Also, the crew will conduct one space walk and will reboost the space station from 230 statute miles to 250 statute miles. This will be the third assembly flight to the Space Station. Liftoff of Space Shuttle Atlantis for the 10-day mission is scheduled for about 6:11 a.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A. Landing is targeted for May 29 at 2:19 a.m. EDT.
Date 05.19.2000
STS-101 Mission Specialist U …
Title STS-101 Mission Specialist Usachev during suitup in the O&C
Description STS-101 Mission Specialist Yury Usachev of Russia smiles and waves as he is helped with adjustments on his launch and entry suit. Usachev and the rest of the crew will be heading to Launch Pad 39A for the fourth attempt at launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis. The mission will take the crew to the International Space Station to deliver logistics and supplies and to prepare the Station for the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module, expected to be launched by Russia in July 2000. Also, the crew will conduct one space walk and will reboost the space station from 230 statute miles to 250 statute miles. This will be the third assembly flight to the Space Station. Liftoff of Space Shuttle Atlantis for the 10-day mission is scheduled for about 6:11 a.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A. Landing is targeted for May 29 at 2:19 a.m. EDT.
Date 05.19.2000
STS-101 Space Shuttle Atlant …
Title STS-101 Space Shuttle Atlantis liftoff view from VAB
Description In this view of the launch from the roof of the Vehicle Assembly Building, the liftoff of Space Shuttle Atlantis challenges the early dawn. The light is reflected in waters all around the Launch Pad 39A while clouds of steam and smoke roll away from the pad. Liftoff occurred at 6:11:10 a.m. EDT. The mission is taking the crew of seven to the International Space Station to deliver logistics and supplies as well as to prepare the Station for the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module, expected to be launched by Russia in July 2000. Also, the crew will conduct one space walk and will reboost the space station from 230 statute miles to 250 statute miles. This will be the third assembly flight to the Space Station. After a 10-day mission, landing is targeted for May 29 at 2:19 a.m. EDT. This is the 98th Shuttle flight and the 21st flight for Shuttle Atlantis.
Date 05.19.2000
STS-71 Mission Specialist Bo …
Title STS-71 Mission Specialist Bonnie J. Dunbar arrives at KSC
Description STS-71 Mission Specialist Bonnie J. Dunbar arrives at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility from Johnson Space Center, Houston. Dunbar and the rest of the STS-71 flight crew are ready for the scheduled June 23 liftoff of the Space Shuttle Atlantis on an historic mission to complete the first U.S. docking with the Russian Space Station Mir. Two Russian cosmonauts on Atlantis will transfer to Mir, and the three crew members currently on Mir will return to Earth in the orbiter. Dunbar served as the backup to one of those crewmembers, U.S. astronaut Dr. Norm Thagard, and completed extensive cosmonaut training in Russia with Thagard.
Date 06.20.1995
STS-84 oxygen generator for …
Title STS-84 oxygen generator for Mir installation
Description McDonnell Douglas-SPACEHAB technicians oversee the move of a Russian-made oxygen generator to a SPACEHAB Double Module, at rear, in the SPACEHAB Payload Processing Facility. In foreground, from left, are Marc Tuttle, Dan Porter and Mike Vawter. The oxygen generator, manufactured in Russia by RSC Energia, will be carried aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on Mission STS-84 for the Shuttles scheduled docking with the Russian Space Station Mir next month. The nearly 300-pound generator will replace one of two Mir units that have been malfunctioning recently. The generator functions by electrolysis, which separates water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The hydrogen is vented and the oxygen is used for breathing by the Mir crew. The generator is 4.2 feet in length and 1.4 feet in diameter. STS-84, which is planned to include a Mir crew exchange of astronaut C. Michael Foale for Jerry M. Linenger, is targeted for a May 15 liftoff.
Date 04.19.1997
STS-84 oxygen generator for …
Title STS-84 oxygen generator for Mir installation
Description In the SPACEHAB Payload Processing Facility, McDonnell Douglas- SPACEHAB technicians prepare a Russian-made oxygen generator for flight in a SPACEHAB Double Module. The oxygen generator, manufactured in Russia by RSC Energia, will be carried aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on Mission STS-84 for the Shuttles scheduled docking with the Russian Space Station Mir next month. The nearly 300-pound generator will replace one of two Mir units that have been malfunctioning recently. The generator functions by electrolysis, which separates water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The hydrogen is vented and the oxygen is used for breathing by the Mir crew. The generator is 4.2 feet in length and 1.4 feet in diameter. STS-84, which is planned to include a Mir crew exchange of astronaut C. Michael Foale for Jerry M. Linenger, is targeted for a May 15 liftoff. It will be the sixth Shuttle-Mir docking.
Date 04.19.1997
STS-84 oxygen generator for …
Title STS-84 oxygen generator for Mir installation
Description McDonnell Douglas-SPACEHAB technicians strap in place a Russian- made oxygen generator on the floor of a SPACEHAB Double Module, being prepared for flight in the SPACEHAB Payload Processing Facility. From left, are Mark Halavin and Marc Tuttle. The oxygen generator, manufactured in Russia by RSC Energia, will be carried aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on Mission STS-84 for the Shuttles scheduled docking with the Russian Space Station Mir next month. The nearly 300-pound generator will replace one of two Mir units that have been malfunctioning recently. The generator functions by electrolysis, which separates water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The hydrogen is vented and the oxygen is used for breathing by the Mir crew. The generator is 4.2 feet in length and 1.4 feet in diameter. STS-84, which is planned to include a Mir crew exchange of astronaut C. Michael Foale for Jerry M. Linenger, is targeted for a May 15 liftoff. It will be the sixth Shuttle-Mir docking.
Date 04.19.1997
STS-84 oxygen generator for …
Title STS-84 oxygen generator for Mir installation
Description McDonnell Douglas-SPACEHAB technicians strap in place a Russian- made oxygen generator on the floor of a SPACEHAB Double Module, being prepared for flight in the SPACEHAB Payload Processing Facility. From left, are Mark Halavin and Marc Tuttle. The oxygen generator, manufactured in Russia by RSC Energia, will be carried aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on Mission STS-84 for the Shuttles scheduled docking with the Russian Space Station Mir next month. The nearly 300-pound generator will replace one of two Mir units that have been malfunctioning recently. The generator functions by electrolysis, which separates water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The hydrogen is vented and the oxygen is used for breathing by the Mir crew. The generator is 4.2 feet in length and 1.4 feet in diameter. STS-84, which is planned to include a Mir crew exchange of astronaut C. Michael Foale for Jerry M. Linenger, is targeted for a May 15 liftoff. It will be the sixth Shuttle-Mir docking.
Date 04.19.1997
STS-84 oxygen generator for …
Title STS-84 oxygen generator for Mir installation
Description McDonnell Douglas-SPACEHAB technicians oversee the move of a Russian-made oxygen generator to a SPACEHAB Double Module, at rear, in the SPACEHAB Payload Processing Facility. With faces visible in center foreground, from left, are Mark Halavin and Marc Tuttle, Mike Vawter is at far right. The oxygen generator, manufactured in Russia by RSC Energia, will be carried aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on Mission STS-84 for the Shuttles scheduled docking with the Russian Space Station Mir next month. The nearly 300-pound generator will replace one of two Mir units that have been malfunctioning recently. The generator functions by electrolysis, which separates water into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The hydrogen is vented and the oxygen is used for breathing by the Mir crew. The generator is 4.2 feet in length and 1.4 feet in diameter. STS-84, which is planned to include a Mir crew exchange of astronaut C. Michael Foale for Jerry M. Linenger, is targeted for a May 15 liftoff. It will be the sixth Shuttle-Mir docking.
Date 04.19.1997
The crew of Space Shuttle mi …
Title The crew of Space Shuttle mission STS-100 gathered in front of the shuttle Endeavour following landi
Description The crew of Space Shuttle mission STS-100 gathered in front of the shuttle Endeavour following landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, 9:11 am, May 1, 2001. From left to right: John L. Phillips, mission specialist (U.S.), Umberto Guidoni, mission specialist (European Space Agency), Chris A. Hadfield, mission specialist (Canadian Space Agency), Jeffrey S. Ashby, pilot (U.S.), Kent V. Rominger, commander (U.S.), Yuri V. Lonchakov, mission specialist (Russia), Scott E. Prazynski, mission specialist (U.S.).
Date 05.01.2001
U.S. international cooperati …
johnsonspacecentermediaarchi …
A space shuttle is docked to …
S95-14273
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 1995-07-19
creator NASA
identifier S95-14273
Space Shuttle view after Kol …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
While docked to the Space St …
STS112-E-6002_lrg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2002-10-17
creator NASA -- Photograph eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS112&roll =E&frame=6002 STS112-E-6002 was taken on October 17, 2002, and provided by the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory at Johnson Space Center. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA-JSC eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth.
identifier STS112-E-6002_lrg
Space Shuttle view after Kol …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
While docked to the Space St …
STS112-E-6002_lrg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2002-10-17
creator NASA -- Photograph eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS112&roll =E&frame=6002 STS112-E-6002 was taken on October 17, 2002, and provided by the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory at Johnson Space Center. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA-JSC eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth.
identifier STS112-E-6002_lrg
U.S. International cooperati …
johnsonspacecentermediaarchi …
This is a representation ill …
S95-14268
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 1995-07-19
creator NASA
identifier S95-14268
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