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'McMurdo' Panorama from Spir …
title 'McMurdo' Panorama from Spirit's 'Winter Haven'
description This 360-degree view, called the "McMurdo" panorama, comes from the panoramic camera (Pancam) on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. From April through October 2006, Spirit has stayed on a small hill known as "Low Ridge." There, the rover's solar panels are tilted toward the sun to maintain enough solar power for Spirit to keep making scientific observations throughout the winter on southern Mars. This view of the surroundings from Spirit's "Winter Haven" is presented in approximately true color. Oct. 26, 2006, marks Spirit's 1,000th sol of what was planned as a 90-sol mission. (A sol is a Martian day, which lasts 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds). The rover has lived through the most challenging part of its second Martian winter. Its solar power levels are rising again. Spring in the southern hemisphere of Mars will begin in early 2007. Before that, the rover team hopes to start driving Spirit again toward scientifically interesting places in the "Inner Basin" and "Columbia Hills" inside Gusev crater. The McMurdo panorama is providing team members with key pieces of scientific and topographic information for choosing where to continue Spirit's exploration adventure. The Pancam began shooting component images of this panorama during Spirit's sol 814 (April 18, 2006) and completed the part shown here on sol 932 (Aug. 17, 2006). The panorama was acquired using all 13 of the Pancam's color filters, using lossless compression for the red and blue stereo filters, and only modest levels of compression on the remaining filters. The overall panorama consists of 1,449 Pancam images and represents a raw data volume of nearly 500 megabytes. It is thus the largest, highest-fidelity view of Mars acquired from either rover. Additional photo coverage of the parts of the rover deck not shown here was completed on sol 980 (Oct. 5 , 2006). The team is completing the processing and mosaicking of those final pieces of the panorama, and that image will be released on the Web shortly to augment this McMurdo panorama view. This beautiful scene reveals a tremendous amount of detail in Spirit's surroundings. Many dark, porous-textured volcanic rocks can be seen around the rover, including many on Low Ridge. Two rocks to the right of center, brighter and smoother-looking in this image and more reflective in infrared observations by Spirit's miniature thermal emission spectrometer, are thought to be meteorites. On the right, "Husband Hill" on the horizon, the rippled "El Dorado" sand dune field near the base of that hill, and lighter-toned "Home Plate" below the dunes provide context for Spirit's travels since mid-2005. Left of center, tracks and a trench dug by Spirit's right-front wheel, which no longer rotates, have exposed bright underlying material. This bright material is evidence of sulfur-rich salty minerals in the subsurface, which may provide clues about the watery past of this part of Gusev Crater. Spirit has stayed busy at Winter Haven during the past, six months even without driving. In addition to acquiring this spectacular panorama, the rover team has also acquired significant new assessments of the elemental chemistry and mineralogy of rocks and soil targets within reach of the rover's arm. The team plans soon to have Spirit drive to a very nearby spot on Low Ridge to access different rock and soil samples while maintaining a good solar panel tilt toward the sun for the rest of the Martian winter. Despite the long span of time needed for acquiring this 360-degree view -- a few images at a time every few sols over a total of 119 sols because the available power was so low -- the lighting and color remain remarkably uniform across the mosaic. This fact attests to the repeatability of wintertime sols on Mars in the southern hemisphere.
Opportunity's Second Martian …
title Opportunity's Second Martian Birthday at Cape Verde
date 10.20.2007
description A promontory nicknamed "Cape Verde" can be seen jutting out from the walls of Victoria Crater in this approximate true-color picture taken by the panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity. The rover took this picture on martian day, or sol, 1329 (Oct. 20, 2007), more than a month after it began descending down the crater walls - and just 9 sols shy of its second Martian birthday on sol 1338 (Oct. 29, 2007). Opportunity landed on the Red Planet on Jan. 25, 2004. That's nearly four years ago on Earth, but only two on Mars because Mars takes longer to travel around the sun than Earth. One Martian year equals 687 Earth days. The overall soft quality of the image, and the "haze" seen in the lower right portion, are the result of scattered light from dust on the front sapphire window of the rover's camera. This view was taken using three panoramic-camera filters, admitting light with wavelengths centered at 750 nanometers (near infrared), 530 nanometers (green) and 430 nanometers (violet). Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell
Martian Eclipses: Deimos and …
Title Martian Eclipses: Deimos and Phobos
Description [figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Deimos [figure removed for brevity, see original site] Phobos This panel combines the first photographs of solar eclipses by Mars' two moons. The panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity captured the images as the first in a planned series of eclipse observations by Opportunity and Spirit. The Deimos image was taken at 03:04 Universal Time on March 4, 2004. This irregularly shaped moon is only 15 kilometers (9 miles) across in its longest dimension. It appears as just a speck in front of the disc of the Sun. The Phobos image was taken as that moon grazed the edge of the solar disc at 02:46 Universal Time on March 7, 2004. Phobos is 27 kilometers (17 miles) in its longest dimension. Its apparent size relative to Deimos is even greater because it orbits much closer to Mars' surface than Deimos does.
Date 03.08.2004
Martian Moon Eclipses Sun, i …
Title Martian Moon Eclipses Sun, in Stages
Description This panel illustrates the transit of the martian moon Phobos across the Sun. It is made up of images taken by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity on the morning of the 45th martian day, or sol, of its mission. This observation will help refine our knowledge of the orbit and position of Phobos. Other spacecraft may be able to take better images of Phobos using this new information. This event is similar to solar eclipses seen on Earth in which our Moon passes in front of the Sun. The images were taken by the rover's panoramic camera.
Date 03.13.2004
Martian Sunsets More Than Ju …
Title Martian Sunsets More Than Just Pretty
Description This image shows the Sun as it appears on Mars throughout the day. Scientists monitor the dimming of the setting Sun to assess how much dust is in the martian atmosphere. The pictures were taken by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's panoramic camera.
Date 01.10.2004
Description Browse Image | Medium Image (129 kB) | Large (20.4 MB) Hi-Res (NASA's Planetary Photojournal) [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA08813 ]
Mars Movie: I'm Dreaming of …
jplhdvideocollection, nasa
The sun descends to the Mart …
dream20101222-1280-i
mediatype VIDEO
mediatype movies
date 2010-12-22
creator NASA
identifier dream20101222-1280-i
Movie from Mars: Sunset Watc …
jplhdvideocollection, nasa
The sun descends to the Mart …
sunset20101222-1280-i
mediatype VIDEO
mediatype movies
date 2010-12-22
creator NASA
identifier sunset20101222-1280-i
Covered Ground
PIA05441
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Covered Ground
Original Caption Released with Image This image is a traverse map, illustrating Spirit's path over the last 45 sols. When the rover reached the point called "Laguna Hollow," it had driven 131 meters (430 feet) from Columbia Memorial Station. The rover heading is 45 degrees to the northeast. On the horizon behind the lander looms the landmark informally named "Grissom Hill." Over the relatively flat traverse, Spirit has made observations of rocks such as "Adirondack" and utilized the tools on its arm to investigate soil in several locations. Spirit stayed at "Laguna Hollow" for 3 sols, dug a trench and observed the floor and wall of it with three of the instruments on its arm: the Moessbauer spectrometer, the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer and the microscopic imager. Spirit is about halfway to the edge of the crater dubbed "Bonneville.
Spirit Says Goodbye to 'Home …
PIA02044
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Spirit Says Goodbye to 'Home Plate' (False Color)
Original Caption Released with Image For the past several weeks, Spirit has been examining spectacular layered rocks exposed at "Home Plate." The rover has been driving around the northern and eastern edges of Home Plate, on the way to "McCool Hill." Before departing, Spirit took this image showing some of the most complex layering patterns seen so far at this location. The layered nature of these rocks presents new questions for the rover team. In addition to their chemical properties, which scientists can study using Spirit's spectrometers, these rocks record a detailed history of the physical properties that formed them. In the center of this image, one group of layers slopes downward to the right. The layers above and below this group are more nearly horizontal. Where layers of different orientations intersect, other layers are truncated. This indicates that there were complex patterns of alternating erosion and deposition occurring when these layers were being deposited. Similar patterns can be found in some sedimentary rocks on Earth. Physical relationships among the various layers exposed at Home Plate are crucial evidence in understanding how these Martian rocks formed. Scientists suspect that the rocks at Home Plate were formed in the aftermath of a volcanic explosion or impact event, and they are investigating the possibility that wind may also have played a role in redistributing materials after such an event. Images like this one from panoramic camera (Pancam), which shows larger-scale layering, as well as those from the microscopic imager, which reveal the individual sand-sized grains that make up these rocks, are essential to understanding the geologic history of Home Plate. This view is a false-color rendering that combines separate images taken through the Pancam's 753-nanometer, 535-namometer, and 432-nanometer filters, enhanced to emphasize color differences among the rocks and soils. It was taken during Spirit's 774th Martian day (March 8, 2006).
Spirit Says Goodbye to 'Home …
PIA02055
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Spirit Says Goodbye to 'Home Plate'
Original Caption Released with Image For the past several weeks, Spirit has been examining spectacular layered rocks exposed at "Home Plate." The rover has been driving around the northern and eastern edges of Home Plate, on the way to "McCool Hill." Before departing, Spirit took this image showing some of the most complex layering patterns seen so far at this location. The layered nature of these rocks presents new questions for the rover team. In addition to their chemical properties, which scientists can study using Spirit's spectrometers, these rocks record a detailed history of the physical properties that formed them. In the center of this image, one group of layers slopes downward to the right. The layers above and below this group are more nearly horizontal. Where layers of different orientations intersect, other layers are truncated. This indicates that there were complex patterns of alternating erosion and deposition occurring when these layers were being deposited. Similar patterns can be found in some sedimentary rocks on Earth. Physical relationships among the various layers exposed at Home Plate are crucial evidence in understanding how these Martian rocks formed. Scientists suspect that the rocks at Home Plate were formed in the aftermath of a volcanic explosion or impact event, and they are investigating the possibility that wind may also have played a role in redistributing materials after such an event. Images like this one from panoramic camera (Pancam), which shows larger-scale layering, as well as those from the microscopic imager, which reveal the individual sand-sized grains that make up these rocks, are essential to understanding the geologic history of Home Plate. This view is an approximately true-color rendering that combines separate images taken through the Pancam's 753-nanometer, 535-namometer, and 432-nanometer filters during Spirit's 774th Martian day (March 8, 2006).
Martian Eclipses: Deimos and …
PIA05518
Panoramic Camera
Title Martian Eclipses: Deimos and Phobos
Original Caption Released with Image This panel combines the first photographs of solar eclipses by Mars' two moons. The panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity captured the images as the first in a planned series of eclipse observations by Opportunity and Spirit. The Deimos image was taken at 03:04 Universal Time on March 4, 2004. This irregularly shaped moon is only 15 kilometers (9 miles) across in its longest dimension. It appears as just a speck in front of the disc of the Sun. The Phobos image was taken as that moon grazed the edge of the solar disc at 02:46 Universal Time on March 7, 2004. Phobos is 27 kilometers (17 miles) in its longest dimension. Its apparent size relative to Deimos is even greater because it orbits much closer to Mars' surface than Deimos does.
Martian Eclipses: Deimos and …
PIA05518
Panoramic Camera
Title Martian Eclipses: Deimos and Phobos
Original Caption Released with Image This panel combines the first photographs of solar eclipses by Mars' two moons. The panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity captured the images as the first in a planned series of eclipse observations by Opportunity and Spirit. The Deimos image was taken at 03:04 Universal Time on March 4, 2004. This irregularly shaped moon is only 15 kilometers (9 miles) across in its longest dimension. It appears as just a speck in front of the disc of the Sun. The Phobos image was taken as that moon grazed the edge of the solar disc at 02:46 Universal Time on March 7, 2004. Phobos is 27 kilometers (17 miles) in its longest dimension. Its apparent size relative to Deimos is even greater because it orbits much closer to Mars' surface than Deimos does.
Martian Eclipses: Deimos and …
PIA05518
Panoramic Camera
Title Martian Eclipses: Deimos and Phobos
Original Caption Released with Image This panel combines the first photographs of solar eclipses by Mars' two moons. The panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity captured the images as the first in a planned series of eclipse observations by Opportunity and Spirit. The Deimos image was taken at 03:04 Universal Time on March 4, 2004. This irregularly shaped moon is only 15 kilometers (9 miles) across in its longest dimension. It appears as just a speck in front of the disc of the Sun. The Phobos image was taken as that moon grazed the edge of the solar disc at 02:46 Universal Time on March 7, 2004. Phobos is 27 kilometers (17 miles) in its longest dimension. Its apparent size relative to Deimos is even greater because it orbits much closer to Mars' surface than Deimos does.
Martian Eclipses: Deimos and …
PIA05518
Panoramic Camera
Title Martian Eclipses: Deimos and Phobos
Original Caption Released with Image This panel combines the first photographs of solar eclipses by Mars' two moons. The panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity captured the images as the first in a planned series of eclipse observations by Opportunity and Spirit. The Deimos image was taken at 03:04 Universal Time on March 4, 2004. This irregularly shaped moon is only 15 kilometers (9 miles) across in its longest dimension. It appears as just a speck in front of the disc of the Sun. The Phobos image was taken as that moon grazed the edge of the solar disc at 02:46 Universal Time on March 7, 2004. Phobos is 27 kilometers (17 miles) in its longest dimension. Its apparent size relative to Deimos is even greater because it orbits much closer to Mars' surface than Deimos does.
Martian Eclipses: Deimos and …
PIA05518
Panoramic Camera
Title Martian Eclipses: Deimos and Phobos
Original Caption Released with Image This panel combines the first photographs of solar eclipses by Mars' two moons. The panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity captured the images as the first in a planned series of eclipse observations by Opportunity and Spirit. The Deimos image was taken at 03:04 Universal Time on March 4, 2004. This irregularly shaped moon is only 15 kilometers (9 miles) across in its longest dimension. It appears as just a speck in front of the disc of the Sun. The Phobos image was taken as that moon grazed the edge of the solar disc at 02:46 Universal Time on March 7, 2004. Phobos is 27 kilometers (17 miles) in its longest dimension. Its apparent size relative to Deimos is even greater because it orbits much closer to Mars' surface than Deimos does.
Spirit Hits a Home Run
PIA02187
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Spirit Hits a Home Run
Original Caption Released with Image This week, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit arrived at "Home Plate," a feature that, when seen from orbit, looks like the home plate of a baseball diamond. Home Plate is a roughly circular feature about 80 meters (260 feet) in diameter that might be an old impact crater or volcanic feature. The Spirit team has been eager to get to Home Plate and has been enjoying distant views of the feature and a curious "bathtub ring" of light-colored materials along its edges. The team has pushed the rover hard to get here before the deep Martian winter sets in. After scientists had identified Home Plate from orbit, they had many theories about what it could be and what they might see. But when Spirit's panoramic camera (Pancam) took this and other images, the science team was stunned. This Pancam image is of an outcrop nicknamed "Barnhill" and surrounding rocks on the north side of Home Plate, showing the most spectacular layering that Spirit has seen. Pancam and microscopic imager views of the layers in the rocks reveal a range of grain sizes and textures that change from the lower to the upper part of the outcrop. This may help scientists figure out how the material was emplaced. Spirit is also conducting work with its arm instruments to figure out the chemistry and mineralogy of the rocks. Scientists have several hypotheses about what Home Plate could be, including features made by volcanoes and impact craters, and ways that water could have played a role. They are busy trying to figure out what the data from Spirit is really telling us. As Spirit works at Home Plate during February, the science team is choosing informal names for rocks from the great players and managers of the Negro Leagues of baseball. This outcrop, "Barnhill," is informally named for David Barnhill, the ace of the New York Cubans' pitching staff during the early 1940s. He compiled an 18-3 record in 1941 and defeated Satchel Paige in the 1942 East-West all-star game. Other rocks in the area are informally named for Josh Gibson, "Bullet Joe" Rogan, and Cumberland Posey. Stay tuned this month, as the Baseball Hall of Fame elects more players from the Negro Leagues and Spirit continues to examine these spectacular rocks. Spirit took this mosaic of images using the panoramic camera on the rover's 746th day, or sol (Feb. 7, 2006), of exploring Mars. Scientists are acquiring and processing image data for more views of the same terrain in approximate true color.
Spirit Studies Rock Outcrop …
PIA02686
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera, Rock Abras …
Title Spirit Studies Rock Outcrop at 'Home Plate'
Original Caption Released with Image NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit acquired this false-color image at 11:48 local true solar time on Mars on the rover's 746th Martian day, or sol (Feb. 26, 2006), after using the rock abrasion tool to brush the surfaces of rock targets informally named "Stars" (left) and "Crawfords" (right). Small streaks of dust extend for several centimeters behind the small rock chips and pebbles in the dusty, red soils. Because the rover was looking southwest when this image was taken, the wind streaks indicate that the dominant wind direction was from the southeast. The targets Stars and Crawfords are on a rock outcrop located on top of "Home Plate." The outcrop is informally named "James 'Cool Papa' Bell," after a Negro Leagues Hall of Famer who played for both the Pittsburgh Crawfords and the Kansas City Stars. To some science team members, the two brushed spots resemble the eyes of a face, with rocks below and between the eyes as a nose and layered rocks at the bottom of the image as a mouth. The image combines frames taken by Spirit's panoramic camera through the camera's 753-nanometer, 535-namometer, and 432-nanometer filters. It is enhanced to emphasize color differences among the rocks, soils and brushed areas. The blue circular area on the left, Stars, was brushed on 761 (Feb. 22, 2006). The one on the right, Crawfords, was brushed on sol 763 (Feb. 25, 2006).
Stargazing at 'Husband Hill …
PIA03070
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Stargazing at 'Husband Hill Observatory' on Mars
Original Caption Released with Image NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit continues to take advantage of extra solar energy by occasionally turning its cameras upward for night sky observations. Most recently, Spirit made a series of observations of bright star fields from the summit of "Husband Hill" in Gusev Crater on Mars. Scientists use the images to assess the cameras' sensitivity and to search for evidence of nighttime clouds or haze. The image on the left is a computer simulation of the stars in the constellation Orion. The next three images are actual views of Orion captured with Spirit's panoramic camera during exposures of 10, 30, and 60 seconds. Because Spirit is in the southern hemisphere of Mars, Orion appears upside down compared to how it would appear to viewers in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth. "Star trails" in the longer exposures are a result of the planet's rotation. The faintest stars visible in the 60-second exposure are about as bright as the faintest stars visible with the naked eye from Earth (about magnitude 6 in astronomical terms). The Orion Nebula, famous as a nursery of newly forming stars, is also visible in these images. Bright streaks in some parts of the images aren't stars or meteors or unidentified flying objects, but are caused by solar and galactic cosmic rays striking the camera's detector. Spirit acquired these images with the panoramic camera on Martian day, or sol, 632 (Oct. 13, 2005) at around 45 minutes past midnight local time, using the camera's broadband filter (wavelengths of 739 nanometers plus or minus 338 nanometers).
Dodging the Drifts
PIA03065
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Dodging the Drifts
Original Caption Released with Image This image taken by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is a portion of a mosaic acquired by the panoramic camera. The picture highlights the light-toned outcrop on the rim of "Erebus Crater" and large, dark, wind-deposited drifts that have filled the center of the crater. Opportunity took this image on the rover's 608th sol (Oct. 9, 2005). The rover is driving west, avoiding the large drifts and crossing the low ripples and outcrop to the right. After traversing to the north of the large drift on the horizon (near the center of the image), Opportunity will drive south to the western rim of the crater.
Partial 'Seminole' Panorama …
PIA03617
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Partial 'Seminole' Panorama (False Color)
Original Caption Released with Image This view from Spirit's panoramic camera is assembled from frames acquired on Martian days, or sols, 672 and 673 (Nov. 23 and 24, 2005) from the rover's position near an outcrop called "Seminole." The view is a southward-looking portion of a larger panorama still being completed. This is a false-color version to emphasize geological differences. It is a composite of images shot through three different filters, admitting light of wavelengths 750 nanometers, 530 nanometers and 430 nanometers.
Partial 'Seminole' Panorama
PIA03623
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Partial 'Seminole' Panorama
Original Caption Released with Image This view from Spirit's panoramic camera is assembled from frames acquired on Martian days, or sols, 672 and 673 (Nov. 23 and 24, 2005) from the rover's position near an outcrop called "Seminole." The view is a southward-looking portion of a larger panorama still being completed. This approximately true-color view is a composite of images shot through three different filters, admitting light of wavelengths 750 nanometers, 530 nanometers and 430 nanometers.
'Algonquin' Outcrop on Spiri …
PIA03614
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title 'Algonquin' Outcrop on Spirit's Sol 680
Original Caption Released with Image This view combines four frames from Spirit's panoramic camera, looking in the drive direction on the rover's 680th Martian day, or sol (Dec. 1, 2005). The outcrop of apparently layered bedrock has the informal name "Algonquin."
Descent from the Summit of ' …
PIA03641
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Descent from the Summit of 'Husband Hill' (False Color)
Original Caption Released with Image In late November 2005 while descending "Husband Hill," NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit took the most detailed panorama so far of the "Inner Basin," the rover's next target destination. Spirit acquired the 405 individual images that make up this 360-degree view of the surrounding terrain using five different filters on the panoramic camera. The rover took the images on Martian days, or sols, 672 to 677 (Nov. 23 to 28, 2005 -- the Thanksgiving holiday weekend). This image is a false-color rendering using camera's 750-, 530-, and 430-nanometer filters, emphasizing some colors more than others to enhance striking but subtle color differences among rocks, soils, hills, and plains. "Home Plate," a bright, semi-circular feature scientists hope to investigate, is harder to discern in this image than in earlier views taken from higher up the hill. Spirit acquired this more oblique view, known as the "Seminole panorama," from about halfway down the south flank of Husband Hill, 50 meters (164 feet) or so below the summit. Near the center of the panorama, on the horizon, are "McCool Hill" and "Ramon Hill," named, like Husband Hill, in honor of the fallen astronauts of the space shuttle Columbia. Husband Hill is visible behind the rover, on the right and left sides of the panorama. An arc of rover tracks made while avoiding obstacles and getting into position to examine rock outcrops can be traced over a long distance by zooming in to explore the panorama in greater detail. Spirit is now significantly farther downhill toward the center of this panorama, en route to Home Plate and other enigmatic soils and outcrop rocks in the quest to uncover the history of Gusev Crater and the "Columbia Hills."
Erebus Panorama in Stereo
PIA03695
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Erebus Panorama in Stereo
Original Caption Released with Image Left-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Left-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters This stereo view shows the landscape surrounding NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at the edge of "Erebus Crater" while the rover's panoramic camera captured frames for a full-circle panorama on Opportunity's sols 652 to 663 (Nov. 23 to Dec. 5, 2005 ). The scene includes finely-layered outcrop rocks, wind ripples, and small cobbles and grains along the rim of the wide but shallow crater. The full panorama, including more of the rover deck than shown here, is at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 ]. This image appears three dimensional when viewed through red and blue glasses with a red left eye and blue right eye. Both the left and right images were taken through blue filters. The view is presented in a cylindrical-perspective projection.
Erebus Panorama in Stereo
PIA03695
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Erebus Panorama in Stereo
Original Caption Released with Image Left-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Left-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters This stereo view shows the landscape surrounding NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at the edge of "Erebus Crater" while the rover's panoramic camera captured frames for a full-circle panorama on Opportunity's sols 652 to 663 (Nov. 23 to Dec. 5, 2005 ). The scene includes finely-layered outcrop rocks, wind ripples, and small cobbles and grains along the rim of the wide but shallow crater. The full panorama, including more of the rover deck than shown here, is at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 ]. This image appears three dimensional when viewed through red and blue glasses with a red left eye and blue right eye. Both the left and right images were taken through blue filters. The view is presented in a cylindrical-perspective projection.
Erebus Panorama in Stereo
PIA03695
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Erebus Panorama in Stereo
Original Caption Released with Image Left-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Left-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters This stereo view shows the landscape surrounding NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at the edge of "Erebus Crater" while the rover's panoramic camera captured frames for a full-circle panorama on Opportunity's sols 652 to 663 (Nov. 23 to Dec. 5, 2005 ). The scene includes finely-layered outcrop rocks, wind ripples, and small cobbles and grains along the rim of the wide but shallow crater. The full panorama, including more of the rover deck than shown here, is at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 ]. This image appears three dimensional when viewed through red and blue glasses with a red left eye and blue right eye. Both the left and right images were taken through blue filters. The view is presented in a cylindrical-perspective projection.
Erebus Panorama in Stereo
PIA03695
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Erebus Panorama in Stereo
Original Caption Released with Image Left-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Left-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters This stereo view shows the landscape surrounding NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at the edge of "Erebus Crater" while the rover's panoramic camera captured frames for a full-circle panorama on Opportunity's sols 652 to 663 (Nov. 23 to Dec. 5, 2005 ). The scene includes finely-layered outcrop rocks, wind ripples, and small cobbles and grains along the rim of the wide but shallow crater. The full panorama, including more of the rover deck than shown here, is at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 ]. This image appears three dimensional when viewed through red and blue glasses with a red left eye and blue right eye. Both the left and right images were taken through blue filters. The view is presented in a cylindrical-perspective projection.
Erebus Panorama in Stereo
PIA03695
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Erebus Panorama in Stereo
Original Caption Released with Image Left-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a color stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Left-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's left lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters Right-eye member of a stereo pair taken through the camera's right lens using 430-nanometer, 530-nanometer and 750-nanometer filters This stereo view shows the landscape surrounding NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at the edge of "Erebus Crater" while the rover's panoramic camera captured frames for a full-circle panorama on Opportunity's sols 652 to 663 (Nov. 23 to Dec. 5, 2005 ). The scene includes finely-layered outcrop rocks, wind ripples, and small cobbles and grains along the rim of the wide but shallow crater. The full panorama, including more of the rover deck than shown here, is at http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03270 ]. This image appears three dimensional when viewed through red and blue glasses with a red left eye and blue right eye. Both the left and right images were taken through blue filters. The view is presented in a cylindrical-perspective projection.
Pebble Jammed in Rock Abrasi …
PIA06780
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Pebble Jammed in Rock Abrasion Tool
Original Caption Released with Image After the rock abrasion tool on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity stopped working on sol 199 (Aug. 15, 2004), rover operators used the panoramic camera to take this image the next day for help in diagnosing the problem. The tool was closer than the camera could focus on sharply, but the image does show a dark spot just left of center, which engineers have determined is likely to be a pebble jammed between the cutting-blade rotor and the wire-brush rotor. If that diagnosis is confirmed by further analysis, the tool will likely be commanded to turn the rotors in reverse to release the pebble.
Sand-Strewn Summit of "Husba …
PIA04299
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Sand-Strewn Summit of "Husband Hill" on Mars
Original Caption Released with Image Undulating bands of dark and light sand, sloping dunes, and scattered cobbles form an apron around a ridge of light-colored rock that stands in bold relief against distant plains, as viewed by NASA's "Spirit" rover from the top of "Husband Hill" on Mars. "The view of the summit is spectacular where we are right now," said geologist Larry Crumpler, with the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque. From here, Spirit is looking north-northeast en route to examining more of the local geology of the "Columbia Hills" in Gusev Crater. A few days after taking this picture, Spirit investigated the small, sinuous drifts on the left, located north-northeast of the rover's position in this image. The last previous time Spirit examined a drift was on the rim of "Bonneville Crater" almost 500 martian days, or sols, ago, in March 2004. The largest light-colored rock in the foreground is nicknamed "Whittaker." The cliff beyond it and slightly to the left is nicknamed "Tenzing." The highest rock on the ridge ahead has been dubbed "Hillary." Science team members selected the nicknames in honor of the earliest climbers to scale Mount Everest on Earth. This view covers approximately 50 degrees of the compass from left to right. It is a mosaic assembled from frames Spirit took with the panoramic camera on sol 603 (Sept. 13, 2005). It was taken through a blue (430-nanometer) filter and is presented as a cylindrical projection.
Layered Rocks in 'Columbia H …
PIA06783
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Layered Rocks in 'Columbia Hills'
Original Caption Released with Image This black-and-white image shows the first layered rocks scientists have seen close up in Gusev Crater, where NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit landed Jan. 4, 2004. While Spirit's twin rover, Opportunity, reached the stadium-size Endurance Crater on the other side of Mars and began exploring its many layered outcrops in early May, Spirit traveled more than 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles) to get to this layered bedrock in the "Columbia Hills." Scientists are planning to conduct a study of these rocks to determine if they are volcanic or sedimentary in origin, and if they have been chemically altered. Spirit's panoramic camera took this image on sol 217 (Aug. 13, 2004).
Weird 'Endurance' Rock Ahead
PIA06775
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Weird 'Endurance' Rock Ahead
Original Caption Released with Image This image taken by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows a bizarre, lumpy rock dubbed "Wopmay" on the inner slopes of "Endurance Crater." Scientists say the rock's unusual texture is unlike any others observed so far at Meridiani Planum. Wopmay measures approximately 1 meter (3.3 feet) across. The image was taken by the rover's panoramic camera on sol 195 (Aug. 11, 2004). Opportunity will likely travel to this or a similar rock in coming sols for a closer look at the alien surface.
Duck Bay, Victoria Crater
PIA10007
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Duck Bay, Victoria Crater
Original Caption Released with Image This image taken by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the view of Victoria Crater from Duck Bay. Opportunity reached Victoria Crater on Sol 951 (September 27, 2006) after traversing 9.28 kilometers (5.77 miles) since her landing site at Eagle Crater. Victoria Crater is roughly 800 meters (one-half mile) wide -- about five times wider than Endurance Crater, and 40 times as wide as Eagle crater. The south face of the 6 meter (20 foot) tall layered Cape Verde promontory can be seen in the left side of the inner crater wall, about 50 meters (about 165 feet) away from the rover at the time of the imaging. The north face of the 15 meter (50 foot) tall stack of layered rocks called Cabo Frio can be seen on the right side of the inner crater wall. This mosaic was taken on Sols 952 and 953 (September 28 and 29, 2006). There are 30 separate pointings through 6 different filters at each pointing. This mosaic was generated from Pancam's 753 nm, 535 nm, and 482 nm filters. Four versions are available at full resolution: this approximate true color rendering, a false color [ http://marswatch.astro.cornell.edu/pancam_instrument/duck_bay.html ] stretch to enhance subtle color differences in the scene, a stereo anaglyph [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA08784 ], which appears three dimensional when viewed through red-blue glasses [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/Help/VendorList.html#Glasses ], and a black and white version presented as a cylindrical projection [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA08783 ] with geometric seam correction.
Spirit's Airbags Leave Trail
PIA04998
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Spirit's Airbags Leave Trail
Original Caption Released with Image The smooth surfaces of angular and rounded rocks seen in this image of the martian terrain may be the result of wind-polishing debris. The picture was taken by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit.
Wind-polished rocks
PIA04997
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Wind-polished rocks
Original Caption Released with Image The smooth surfaces of angular and rounded rocks seen in this image of the martian terrain may have been polished by wind-blown debris. The picture was taken by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit.
Airbag Trails
PIA05007
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Airbag Trails
Original Caption Released with Image This segment of the first color image from the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit shows the rover's airbag trails. These depressions in the soil were made when the airbags were deflated and retracted after landing.
Sundial Lands on Mars
PIA05018
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Sundial Lands on Mars
Original Caption Released with Image Two views of a sundial called the MarsDial can be seen in this image taken on Mars by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's panoramic camera. These calibration instruments, positioned on the solar panels of both Spirit and the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity, are tools for both scientists and educators. Scientists use the sundial to adjust the rovers' panoramic cameras, while students participating in NASA's Red Rover Goes to Mars program will monitor the dial to track time on Mars. Students worldwide will also have the opportunity to build their own Earth sundial and compare it to that on Mars. The left image was captured near martian noon when the Sun was very high in the sky. The right image was acquired later in the afternoon when the Sun was lower in sky, casting longer shadows. The colored blocks in the corners of the sundial are used to fine-tune the panoramic camera's sense of color. Shadows cast on the sundial help scientists adjust the brightness of images. The sundial is embellished with artwork from children, and displays the word Mars in 17 different languages.
Seeing Rust
PIA04990
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Seeing Rust
Original Caption Released with Image The rust color of the Martian landscape is apparent in this low-resolution thumbnail image taken by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. This image is part of a larger image currently stored onboard the rover in its memory.
Facing the Sun
PIA04994
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Facing the Sun
Original Caption Released with Image The bright white dot in this image taken by the panoramic camera onboard the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit is the Sun, used to help point the rover's high-gain antenna toward Earth. The inset shows the Sun magnified five times.
Facing the Sun
PIA04994
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Facing the Sun
Original Caption Released with Image The bright white dot in this image taken by the panoramic camera onboard the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit is the Sun, used to help point the rover's high-gain antenna toward Earth. The inset shows the Sun magnified five times.
Facing the Sun
PIA04994
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Facing the Sun
Original Caption Released with Image The bright white dot in this image taken by the panoramic camera onboard the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit is the Sun, used to help point the rover's high-gain antenna toward Earth. The inset shows the Sun magnified five times.
True Colors of Mars
PIA05042
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title True Colors of Mars
Original Caption Released with Image This image taken on Mars by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit shows the rover's color calibration target, also known as the MarsDial. The target's mirror and the shadows cast on it by the Sun help scientists determine the degree to which dusty martian skies alter the panoramic camera's perception of color. By adjusting for this effect, Mars can be seen in all its true colors.
Landing Trail in 3-D
PIA05047
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Landing Trail in 3-D
Original Caption Released with Image A three-dimensional color model created using data from the Mars Exploration Rover's panoramic camera shows images of airbag drag marks on the martian surface. The triangular rock in the upper left corner is approximately 20 centimeters (8 inches) tall. The meatball-shaped rock in the upper right corner is approximately 10 centimeters (4 inches) tall. The dark portion of the surface, or "trough" is approximately 1 centimeter (0.4 inches) deep at its deepest point. This model is displayed using software developed by NASA's Ames Research Center.
Hills Still a Distant Goal f …
PIA05073
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Hills Still a Distant Goal for Spirit
Original Caption Released with Image NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit took this grey-scale panoramic camera image on sol 100, April 14, 2004. It captures Spirit's future destination at the highlands informally named "Columbia Hills". In this image, the hills are approximately 2.4 kilometers (1.5 miles) to the southeast. Scientists believe the hills may consist of different and potentially older rock units than the basalts that Spirit has observed so far.
First Patch of Probed Soil
PIA05094
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title First Patch of Probed Soil
Original Caption Released with Image This image taken by the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit highlights the first patch of soil examined by the rover's microscopic imager. The imager is located on the rover's instrument deployment device, or "arm." The rover can be seen to the right. Engineers first deployed the arm early Friday morning, Jan. 16, 2004.
They of the Great Rocks"-2
PIA05105
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title They of the Great Rocks"-2
Original Caption Released with Image This approximate true color image taken by the panoramic camera onboard the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit shows "Adirondack," the rover's first target rock. Spirit traversed the sandy martian terrain at Gusev Crater to arrive in front of the football-sized rock on Sunday, Jan. 18, 2004, just three days after it successfully rolled off the lander. The rock was selected as Spirit's first target because its dust-free, flat surface is ideally suited for grinding. Clean surfaces also are better for examining a rock's top coating. Scientists named the angular rock after the Adirondack mountain range in New York. The word Adirondack is Native American and is interpreted by some to mean "They of the great rocks.
A Curious Landscape
PIA05149
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title A Curious Landscape
Original Caption Released with Image This "postcard" from the panoramic camera on the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the view of the martian landscape southwest of the rover. The image was taken in the late martian afternoon at Meridiani Planum on Mars, where Opportunity landed at approximately 9:05 p.m. PST on Saturday, Jan. 24.
A Precious Opportunity
PIA05157
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title A Precious Opportunity
Original Caption Released with Image This three-dimensional model superimposes the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity on one of its potential targets, a scientific treasure chest of martian rocks contained within the landing site, a crater on Meridiani Planum, Mars. The rover is placed on the rock outcrop for scale. Opportunity has not yet visited these rocks, it is currently still on its lander. Scientists plan to use the tools on the rover's instrument deployment device, or robotic "arm," to examine these rocks, which are about 10 centimeters (4 inches) high and approximately 8 meters (26 feet) away from the rover. The image of the terrain was acquired on Sol, or martian day, 2 of Opportunity's journey. This model was created using data from the rover's panoramic camera and is displayed using software developed by NASA's Ames Research Center.
Adirondack Under the Microsc …
PIA05176
Sol (our sun)
Panoramic Camera
Title Adirondack Under the Microscope-2
Original Caption Released with Image This overhead look at the martian rock dubbed Adirondack was captured by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's panoramic camera. It shows the approximate region where the rover's microscopic imager began its first close-up inspection.
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