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Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) from 1999 and February 2000
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Temperature Comparison at Lo
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PIA02549
Jupiter
Near Infrared Mapping Spectr
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| Title |
Temperature Comparison at Loki |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This image compares temperatures at the volcano Loki, the most powerful volcano on Io, seen by the photopolarimeter-radiometer instrument onboard NASA's Galileo spacecraft during its October 1999 flyby of Jupiter's moon Io (main image), and during its February 2000 flyby (inset). The hottest regions are within the huge, 200-kilometer (120-mile) wide caldera (the dark, horseshoe-shaped region in the image). Temperature contours are in degrees Kelvin (Kelvin): 160 K is -171 F and 320 K is +116 F. In the 4 1/2 months between the images, the hot region seen in October in the southwest part of the caldera disappeared, and the eastern part of the caldera became about 40 degrees Kelvin (70 degrees Fahrenheit) hotter. The temperature increase probably results from lava flows flooding over 10,000 square kilometers (4,000 square miles) of the caldera floor. Additional information about the Hubble Space Telescope is available athttp://www.stsci.edu/ [ http://www.stsci.edu/ ]. Additional information about the Galileo mission is available at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. |
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Temperature Map of Io's Nigh
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PIA02548
Jupiter
Near Infrared Mapping Spectr
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| Title |
Temperature Map of Io's Night Side |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This is the first-ever map of temperatures over large areas of Io's night-side, obtained with the photopolarimeter-radiometer instrument onboard NASA's Galileo spacecraft during flybys of Io in November 1999 and February 2000. Temperature contours are in degrees Kelvin (K): 90 K is -297F, and 105 K is -270 F. The view is dominated by numerous volcanic hotspots. The brightest are Loki (L), Amaterasu (A), Daedalus (D), Pillan(P), Pele (Pe), Marduk (M), Babbar (B), and a huge, old lava flow called Lei-Kung. Lei-Kung erupted sometime before the 1979 flybys by NASA's Voyager spacecraft, but it is apparently still warm. Nighttime maps of this type allow estimates of the total amount of heat coming out of Io's interior. High temperatures seen along the north and west (left) margins of the map may not be real. Additional information about the Hubble Space Telescope is available athttp://www.stsci.edu/ [ http://www.stsci.edu/ ]. Additional information about the Galileo mission is available at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. |
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Myriad of Hot Spots on Io
PIA02558
Jupiter
Near Infrared Mapping Spectr
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| Title |
Myriad of Hot Spots on Io |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
Changes in the volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io can be seen in these three views, taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft during its three flybys of Io in October 1999, November 1999 and February 2000. All the images show the active volcanoes as bright yellow, corresponding to hot lava flows that appear glowing in infrared wavelengths. The three views were taken by the spacecraft's near-infrared mapping spectrometer instrument and show the comparison of a typical low-resolution observation to the high-resolution views. The regional observations taken during the recent Io flybys are superimposed on an image taken during Galileo in 1996. The Prometheus volcano is seen near the middle of all three images. Before the recent flybys, only Prometheus and three other volcanoes were known to be active in this region. After these and other high-resolution observations, scientists were able to detect 14 volcanoes in the same area. The fainter volcanoes (hot spots) show some significant changes over intervals of 1 to 3 months. The area shown by all three observations put together is about 2 million square kilometers (about 770,000 square miles) and covers about 5 percent of Io's surface. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. This image and other images and data received from Galileo are posted on the World Wide Web, on the Galileo mission home page athttp://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. Background information and educational context for the images can be found at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/io.cfm [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/io.cfm ]. |
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Io's Tvashtar Area in Infrar
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PIA02594
Jupiter
Near Infrared Mapping Spectr
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| Title |
Io's Tvashtar Area in Infrared: Multiple Lava Flows |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
New and older lava flows clustered in the Tvashtar region of Jupiter's moon Io appear as hot spots in a temperature map from NASA's Galileo spacecraft. The multiple hot spots indicate continuing shifts in the location of Tvashtar's eruptions since the region's volcanic activity was first seen in December 1999. The temperature map (top) uses infrared observations made during Galileo's Aug. 6, 2001, flyby of Io. It is shown using landmarks from a February 2000 visible-light image (bottom) that Galileo's camera recorded of the Tvashtar area of bowl-like depressions in Io's northern hemisphere. The temperature map comes from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer. Tvashtar has been a very active region since December 1999, when Galileo detected a major eruption from the location marked A (See insert image below). The eruption from A was interpreted as a row of lava fountains. When Galileo flew by Io again in February 2000, the eruption had shifted to the location marked B, where a lava flow shaped like a dolphin's tail is seen. The temperature map shows that volcanic activity is present at many locations in this region. The highest temperatures are found in the three locations marked x, where new lavas may have recently come to the surface. Temperatures (in Kelvin) displayed in the color bar are lower limits. (The range in Fahrenheit is from 460 degrees below zero to 530 degrees above zero.) Each picture element averages the characteristics of an area about 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) across, smaller patches may be hundreds of degrees higher. The Galileo camera did not obtain a visible-light image of the Tvashtar region during the August 2001 flyby. Based on the locations of the hottest materials detected by Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer, volcanologists expect that significant surface changes have occurred.The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Additional information about the spacecraft and its discoveries is available on the Galileo home page at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. |
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Io's Tvashtar Area in Infrar
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PIA02594
Jupiter
Near Infrared Mapping Spectr
…
| Title |
Io's Tvashtar Area in Infrared: Multiple Lava Flows |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
New and older lava flows clustered in the Tvashtar region of Jupiter's moon Io appear as hot spots in a temperature map from NASA's Galileo spacecraft. The multiple hot spots indicate continuing shifts in the location of Tvashtar's eruptions since the region's volcanic activity was first seen in December 1999. The temperature map (top) uses infrared observations made during Galileo's Aug. 6, 2001, flyby of Io. It is shown using landmarks from a February 2000 visible-light image (bottom) that Galileo's camera recorded of the Tvashtar area of bowl-like depressions in Io's northern hemisphere. The temperature map comes from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer. Tvashtar has been a very active region since December 1999, when Galileo detected a major eruption from the location marked A (See insert image below). The eruption from A was interpreted as a row of lava fountains. When Galileo flew by Io again in February 2000, the eruption had shifted to the location marked B, where a lava flow shaped like a dolphin's tail is seen. The temperature map shows that volcanic activity is present at many locations in this region. The highest temperatures are found in the three locations marked x, where new lavas may have recently come to the surface. Temperatures (in Kelvin) displayed in the color bar are lower limits. (The range in Fahrenheit is from 460 degrees below zero to 530 degrees above zero.) Each picture element averages the characteristics of an area about 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) across, smaller patches may be hundreds of degrees higher. The Galileo camera did not obtain a visible-light image of the Tvashtar region during the August 2001 flyby. Based on the locations of the hottest materials detected by Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer, volcanologists expect that significant surface changes have occurred.The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Galileo mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Additional information about the spacecraft and its discoveries is available on the Galileo home page at http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov [ http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov ]. |
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