Browse All : Microwave Limb Sounder

Date	9/15/97
Description	This figure compares the current unusually high amount of water vapor in the upper atmosphere with the amount of water vapor that is normally present at heights of approximately 12 kilometers (about 8 miles) over the central-eastern tropical Pacific. The water vapor measurements were taken by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument onboard NASAÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS), which began observations in September 1991. These data are providing scientists with more convincing information that a full-blown El Nino condition is established in the Pacific Ocean. El Nino is characterized by high amounts of water vapor, shown in this figure in red and yellow, located east of the international date line (180 degrees longitude). The figure clearly shows El Nino events near the end of 1991 into 1992, in 1993 and now developing in 1997. Data from 1995 show a slightly higher than normal water vapor level, indicating a possible weak, but unconfirmed, El Nino that year. White bands are areas of insufficient data. #####

Date	10/27/97
Description	This image shows atmospheric water vapor in Earth's upper troposphere, about 10 kilometers (6 miles) above the surface, as measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument flying aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. These data collected in early October 1997 indicate the presence of El Niño by showing a shift of humidity from west to east (blue and red areas) along the equatorial Pacific Ocean. El Niño is the term used when the warmest equatorial Pacific Ocean water is displaced toward the east. The areas of high atmospheric moisture correspond to areas of very warm ocean water. Warmer water evaporates at a higher rate and the resulting warm moist air then rises, forming tall cloud towers. In the tropics, the warm water and the resulting tall cloud towers typically produce large amounts of rain. The MLS instrument, developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, measures humidity at the top of these clouds, which are very moist. This rain is now occurring in the eastern Pacific Ocean and has left Indonesia (deep blue region) unusually dry, resulting in the current drought in that region. This image also shows moisture moving north into Mexico, an effect of several hurricanes spawned by the warm waters of El Niño. #####

Date	1/27/98
Description	This image shows differences in atmospheric water vapor relative to a normal (average) year in the Earth's upper troposphere about 10 kilometers (6 miles) above the surface. The measurements were taken by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument aboard NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). These data, collected in late December 1997, show higher than normal levels of water vapor (red) over the central and eastern Pacific which indicate the presence of an El Nino condition. At the same time, the western Pacific (blue) is much drier than normal. The unusually moist air above the central and eastern Pacific is a consequence of the much warmer than normal ocean waters which occur during El Nino. Warmer water evaporates at a higher rate and the resulting warm moist air rises and forms tall cloud towers. In the tropics, the warm water and the resulting tall cloud towers typically produce large amounts of rain. These data show significant increases in the amount of atmospheric moisture off the coast of Peru and Ecuador since measurements were made in November 1997. The maximum water temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific, as measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is still higher than normal and these high ocean temperatures are likely responsible for an increase in evaporation and the subsequent rise in humidity.

Date	1/27/98
Description	This series of six images shows the movement of atmospheric water vapor over the Pacific Ocean during the formation of the 1997 El Niño condition. Higher than normal ocean water temperatures increase the rate of evaporation and the resulting warm moist air rises into the atmosphere altering global weather patterns. Data obtained by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), from late February 1997 to late December 1997, show the movement from the western Pacific to the eastern Pacific of high levels of water vapor (red) at 10 kilometers (6 miles) above the surface. Areas of unusually drier air (blue) appear over Indonesia. December 1997 data also show a rapid increase of water vapor off the coast of South America, the result of very high water temperatures in that region.

Date	3/3/98
Description	This image shows differences in atmospheric water vapor relative to a normal (average) year in the Earth's upper troposphere about 10 kilometers (6 miles) above the surface. These measurements were made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument aboard NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). This image, obtained on February 22, 1998, shows that high levels of atmospheric water vapor (red) continue to persist above the warm water pool, commonly referred to as El Niño, in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. This image also shows high levels of atmospheric moisture above Southern California. The extent of this high moisture area along the equator has slightly decreased since late January, which corresponds to the shrinking volume of the warm water pool on the ocean's surface. During El Niño, the warmer ocean water off the coast of Peru evaporates at a higher rate, and the resulting warm moist air rises, forming tall cloud towers. In the tropics, the warm water and the resulting tall cloud towers typically produce large amounts of rain. These data show a new formation of high levels of moisture off the coast of Japan in an area that is the typical breeding ground for winter storms. Storms produced off the coast of Japan normally migrate eastward toward the western United States. During this El Niño condition, the southern tropical jet stream has shifted northward, bringing additional moisture from the tropics. When these two sources of moisture converge near California, they produce storms with higher-than-normal rainfall.

Date	3/3/98
Description	This series of six images shows the evolution of atmospheric water vapor over the Pacific Ocean during the 1998 El Niño condition. Higher than normal ocean water temperatures increase the rate of evaporation, and the resulting warm moist air rises into the atmosphere, altering global weather patterns. Data obtained by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) during January and February 1998 show a decrease in the extent of high levels of water vapor (red) over the eastern equatorial Pacific and an increase in water vapor (yellow to red) over the northwestern Pacific off the coast of Japan. This area is a breeding ground for winter storms that move eastward toward North America. During this El Niño condition, the southern tropical jet stream has shifted northward, bringing additional moisture from the tropics. When these two sources of moisture converge near California, they produce storms with higher-than-normal rainfall.

New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

Title	New Data from Aura's Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Temperature
Abstract	The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measures the chemistry of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. It also measures the temperature.
Completed	2004-12-14

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Browse All : Microwave Limb Sounder