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STS-61 Post Flight Press Con …
STS-61 POST FLIGHT PRESS CON …
1993
Description STS-61 POST FLIGHT PRESS CONFERENCE JSC1394 - (1993) - 26 Minutes Commander: Richard O. Covey Pilot: Kenneth D. Bowersox Mission Specialists: Kathryn C. Thornton, Claude Nicollier, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, F. Story Musgrave, Thomas D. 'Tom' Akers Dates: December 2-12, 1993 Vehicle: Endeavour OV-105 Payloads: HST SM-01, ICBC, AMOS, and IMAX camera EVA: (Tethered) Replaced HST solar arrays, two sensing units, Wide Field/Planetary Camera II and fuses, COSTAR, magnetometer, and Solar Array Drive Electronics unit Landing site: Runway 33 at Kennedy Space Center, FL
Date 1993
Arm in Arm
Title Arm in Arm
Full Description Backdropped against the blue and white Earth, Mission Specialist (MS) and Payload Commander (PLC) G. David Low and (MS) Peter J.K. Wisoff, wearing Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs), simulate handling of large components in space. Above Endeavour's Payload Bay (PLB), Low, anchored by a Portable Foot Restraint (PFR) Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR) on the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) end effector, maneuvers Wisoff, representing the mass of a large space component. This particular task was rehearsed with eyes toward the servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) or the assembly and maintenance of Space Station. This Extravehicular Activity (EVA), Detailed Test Objective (DTO) was conducted both with and without intentional disturbances from Endeavour's thrusters and movements of the RMS. The SPACEHAB-01 Commercial Middeck Augmentation Module (CMAM)) is visible in the foreground with the Superfluid Helium On Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) payload liquid helium dewar assembly and the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) only partially visible in the aft PLB shadows. The vertical stabilizer and Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pods are silhouetted against the Earth's surface.
Date 06/25/1993
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Butterfly Nebula
Title Butterfly Nebula
Full Description The Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) is back at work, capturing this image of the "butterfly wing"- shaped nebula, NGC 2346. The nebula is about 2,000 light-years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation Monoceros. It represents the spectacular "last gasp" of a binary star system at the nebula's center. The image was taken on March 6, 1997 as part of the recommissioning of the Hubble Space Telescope's previously installed scientific instruments following the successful servicing of the HST by NASA shuttle astronauts in February. WFPC2 was installed in HST during the servicing mission in 1993. At the center of the nebula lies a pair of stars that are so close together that they orbit around each other every 16 days. This is so close that, even with Hubble, the pair of stars cannot be resolved into its two components. One component of this binary is the hot core of a star that has ejected most of its outer layers, producing the surrounding nebula. Astronomers believe that this star, when it evolved and expanded to become a red giant, actually swallowed its companion star in an act of stellar cannibalism. The resulting interaction led to a spiraling together of the two stars, culminating in ejection of the outer layers of the red giant. Most of the outer layers were ejected into a dense disk, which can still be seen in the Hubble image, surrounding the central star. Later the hot star developed a fast stellar wind. This wind, blowing out into the surrounding disk, has inflated the large, wispy hourglass-shaped wings perpendicular to the disk. These wings produce the butterfly appearance when seen in projection. The total diameter of the nebula is about one-third of a light-year, or 2 trillion miles.
Date 03/06/1997
NASA Center Hubble Space Telescope Center
Cygnus Loop Supernova Blast …
Title Cygnus Loop Supernova Blast Wave
Full Description This is an image of a small portion of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, which marks the edge of a bubble-like, expanding blast wave from a colossal stellar explosion, occurring about 15,000 years ago. The HST image shows the structure behind the shock waves, allowing astronomers for the first time to directly compare the actual structure of the shock with theoretical model calculations. Besides supernova remnants, these shock models are important in understanding a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, from winds in newly-formed stars to cataclysmic stellar outbursts. The supernova blast is slamming into tenuous clouds of insterstellar gas. This collision heats and compresses the gas, causing it to glow. The shock thus acts as a searchlight revealing the structure of the interstellar medium. The detailed HST image shows the blast wave overrunning dense clumps of gas, which despite HST's high resolution, cannot be resolved. This means that the clumps of gas must be small enough to fit inside our solar system, making them relatively small structures by interstellar standards. A bluish ribbon of light stretching left to right across the picture might be a knot of gas ejected by the supernova, this interstellar "bullet" traveling over three million miles per hour (5 million kilometres) is just catching up with the shock front, which has slowed down by ploughing into interstellar material. The Cygnus Loop appears as a faint ring of glowing gases about three degrees across (six times the diameter of the full Moon), located in the northern constellation, Cygnus the Swan. The supernova remnant is within the plane of our Milky Way galaxy and is 2,600 light-years away. The photo is a combination of separate images taken in three colors, oxygen atoms (blue) emit light at temperatures of 30,000 to 60,000 degrees Celsius (50,000 to 100,000 degrees Farenheit). Hydrogen atoms (green) arise throughout the region of shocked gas. Sulfur atoms (red) form when the gas cools to around 10,000 degrees Celsius (18,000 degrees Farenheit).
Date 01/01/1993
NASA Center Hubble Space Telescope Center
Standing on the Edge of the …
Title Standing on the Edge of the Bay
Full Description Mission Specialist James H. Newman conducts an in-space evaluation of the Portable Foot Restraint (PFR) which will be used operationally on the first Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission and future Shuttle missions. He is positioned on the edge of Discovery's payload bay. Behind him the starboard Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pod can be seen with the soft glow of an Earth limb.
Date 09/16/1993
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
STS-61 Roll-Around
Title STS-61 Roll-Around
Full Description The Space Shuttle Endeavour is being rolled around from Launch Pad 39A to Launch Pad 39B. The rare pad switch was deemed necessary after contamination was discovered in the Payload Changeout Room at Pad A. The transfer began around noon and was completed about seven hours later. Still to come are the payloads for the upcoming STS-61 mission, the first servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope.
Date 11/15/1993
NASA Center Kennedy Space Center
Hubble First Servicing EVA
Title Hubble First Servicing EVA
Full Description Astronaut F. Story Musgrave, anchored on the end of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm, prepares to be elevated to the top of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to install protective covers on the magnetometers. Astronaut Jeffrey A. Hoffman inside payload bay, assisted Musgrave with final servicing tasks on the telescope, wrapping up five days of space walks.
Date 12/09/1993
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Hubble Images of M100 Before …
Title Hubble Images of M100 Before and After Mirror Repair
Full Description This comparison image of the core of the galaxy M100 shows the dramatic improvement in Hubble Space Telescope's view of the universe after the first Hubble Servicing Mission in December 1993. The new image, taken with the second generation Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC-2) installed during the STS-61 Hubble Servicing Mission, beautifully demonstrates that the camera's corrective optics compensate fully for the optical aberration in Hubble's primary mirror. With the new camera, the Hubble explored the universe with unprecedented clarity and sensitivity, and fulfilled its most important scientific objectives for which the telescope was originally built. Image on right: The core of the grand design spiral glazy M100, as imaged by WFPC-2 in its high-resolution channel. WRPC-2's modified optics corrected Hubble's previously blurry vision, allowing the telescope for the first time to cleanly resolve faint structures as small as 30 light-years across in a galaxy tens of millions of light-years away. The image was taken on December 31, 1993. Image on left: For comparison, a picture taken with a WFPC-1 camera in wide-field mode on November 27, 1993, just a few days prior to the STS-61 servicing mission. The effects of optical aberration in HST's 2.4-meter primary mirror blur starlight, smear out fine detail, and limit the telescope's ability to see faint structure. Both Hubble images were "raw," they were not processed using computer image reconstruction techniques that improved aberrated images made before the servicing mission. The Wide Field and Planetary Camera-2 was developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and managed by the Goddard Space Flight Center for NASA's Office of Space Science.
Date 12/31/1993
NASA Center Goddard Space Flight Center
Thornton Prepares to Release …
Title Thornton Prepares to Release Hubble Array
Full Description To run all their systems, satellites need a way to generate power for months, even years. Most Earth-orbiting spacecraft, like the Hubble Space Telescope, rely on solar cells to recharge their onboard batteries. But solar panels have their own set of problems. They must be lightweight and flexible to fit inside a relatively small launch vehicle. Consequently, they tend to be fragile, and several satellites have had to cope with damaged panels once in orbit. That is what happened to the Hubble Space Telescope. Fortunately, the telescope was designed for on-orbit repairs, and astronauts were able to remove the damaged panel and replace it with a new one. In this image, Astronaut Kathy Thornton releases the old panel into low-Earth orbit during the first Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission in 1993. Earth's gravitation pulled the jettisoned panel toward Earth's atmosphere, where it entered and ultimately burned up.
Date 10/14/1994
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Wisoff on the Arm
Title Wisoff on the Arm
Full Description Against the blackness of space, Mission Specialist Peter J.K. Wisoff, wearing an extravehicular mobility unit, stands on a Portable Foot Restraint (PFR), Manipulator Foot Restrait (MFR) attached to the End Effector of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), colloquially known as the "robot arm". Wisoff is being maneuvered above Endeavour's payload bay as part of Detailed Test Objective (DTO) extravehicular activity procedures. DTO results will assist in refining several procedures being developed to service the Hubble Space Telescope on mission STS-61 in December 1993. The Earth's surface and Discovery's payload bay are reflected in Wisoff's helmet visor.
Date 06/25/1993
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Low and Wisoff at Work
Title Low and Wisoff at Work
Full Description Mission Specialist (MS) Peter J.K. Wisoff (bottom), wearing an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), works with the antenna on the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) while Payload Commander (PLC) G. David Low, on the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) robot arm, hovers above. The two astronauts were conducting Detailed Test Objective (DTO) procedures in the payload bay of Endeavour. Low, also suited in an EMU, is anchored to the RMS via a Portable Foot Festraint (PFR) Manipulator Foot Restraint (MFR). DTO results will assist in refining several procedures being developed to service the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on mission STS-61 in December 1993. Visible in Endeavour's payload bay (PLB) are the open Spacelab (SL) tunnel adapter hatch (foreground), SPACEHAB-01 (Commercial Middeck Augmentation Module (CMAM) (foreground), and the top of the Superfluid Helium On Orbit Transfer (SHOOT) payload. The astronauts and Endeavour's vertical stabilizer and Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pods are backdropped against the blackness of space.
Date 06/25/1993
NASA Center Johnson Space Center
Galaxy M100 Resolution Compa …
Title Galaxy M100 Resolution Comparison
General Information What is an Early Release Observation? A photograph of a celestial object that demonstrates the performance of a new Hubble camera. What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. This sequence of pictures shows successive steps in optical improvement from ground based telescopes to the newly improved Hubble Space Telescope and demonstrates the unique capability of the repaired HST. HST offers superb resolution, which allows astronomers to distinguish individual afar. in other galaxies. The resolution also allows very faint stars to be seen. This set of pictures demonstrates that the repaired HST can see stars which could never before be detected.
Hubble Sees Changes in Gas S …
Title Hubble Sees Changes in Gas Shell around Nova Cygni 1992
General Information What is an Early Release Observation? A photograph of a celestial object that demonstrates the performance of a new Hubble camera. What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. The Hubble telescope has given astronomers their best look yet at a rapidly ballooning bubble of gas blasted off a star. The shell surrounds Nova Cygni 1992, which erupted Feb. 19, 1992. A nova is a thermonuclear explosion that occurs on the surface of a white dwarf star in a double-star system. The image [right], taken after Hubble's near-sightedness had been corrected, reveals an elliptical and slightly lumpy ring-like structure. The ring is the edge of a bubble of hot gas blasted into space by the nova. Another Hubble picture taken 467 days after the explosion [left] provided the first glimpse of the ring and a mysterious bar-like structure. But the image interpretation was severely hampered by the telescope's blurred vision.
Hubble Provides Clearest Vie …
Title Hubble Provides Clearest View Yet of Supernova 1987a
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. This series of images of Supernova 1 987A was taken with ESA's Faint Object Camera aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, prior to and following the HST Servicing Mission. The images demonstrate the dramatic improvement in Hubble's capabilities following the installation of the Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR), which compensates for spherical aberration in Hubble's primary mirror. The new picture has provided the most detailed closeup view ever obtained of the exploding star and its surroundings. Since SNi1987A first appeared in the southern sky nearly seven years ago (February 24, 19871, the outer envelope of the exploding star has been expanding into space at many thousands of kilometers per second. To follow the evolution of the ejecta, astronomers have observed SN 1 987A a total of six times with the FOC -- from just after HST's launch in 1990 to just before the HST Servicing mission in December 1993.
Hubble Confirms Abundance of …
Title Hubble Confirms Abundance of Protoplanetary Disks around Newborn Stars
Hubble Confirms Abundance of …
Title Hubble Confirms Abundance of Protoplanetary Disks around Newborn Stars
Distant Heavyweight Galaxy C …
Title Distant Heavyweight Galaxy Cluster Clobbers Dense-Universe Theory
Hubble Camera Resumes Scienc …
Title Hubble Camera Resumes Science Operation with Picture of "Butterfly" in Space
General Information What is an Early Release Observation? A photograph of a celestial object that demonstrates the performance of a new Hubble camera. The Hubble telescope is back at work, capturing this view of the butterfly-wing-shaped nebula, NGC 2346. The nebula is about 2,000 light-years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation Monoceros. It represents the spectacular "last gasp" of a double-star system at the nebula's center. The image was taken March 6, 1997 as part of the re-commissioning of Hubble's previously installed scientific instruments following a successful servicing mission.
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in L …
Title Hubble Unveils a Galaxy in Living Color
Hubble Discovers Dark Cloud …
Title Hubble Discovers Dark Cloud in the Atmosphere of Uranus
Astronomers Measure Mass of …
Title Astronomers Measure Mass of a Single Star ? First Since the Sun
Mars: Closest Approach 2007
Title Mars: Closest Approach 2007
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope took this close-up of the red planet Mars when it was just 55 million miles ? 88 million kilometers ? away. This color image was assembled from a series of exposures taken within 36 hours of the Mars closest approach with Hubble's Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. Mars will be closest to Earth on December 18, at 11:45 p.m. Universal Time (6:45 p.m. EST).
Hubble Docked with the Shutt …
Title Hubble Docked with the Shuttle Endeavor
Description Astronaut F. Story Musgrave, anchored on the Space Shuttle Endeavor?s robotic arm, prepares to be elevated to the top of the Hubble Space Telescope during Hubble?s first servicing mission in 1993. Astronaut Jeffrey Hoffman, inside the shuttle payload bay, assists Musgrave. Hubble?s first servicing mission replaced and repaired various instruments, but its most important task was installing technology that corrected the tiny flaw in Hubble?s main mirror that distorted the telescope?s view. Hubble was specially designed to be repaired and upgraded by astronauts while in orbit.
Mars Kicks Up the Dust as it …
Title Mars Kicks Up the Dust as it Makes Closest Approach to Earth
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope snapped this picture of Mars on October 28, within a day of its closest approach to Earth on the night of October 29. The large regional dust storm appears as the brighter, redder cloudy region in the middle of the planet's disk. This storm, which measures 930 miles (1500 km) has been churning in the planet's equatorial regions for several weeks now, and it is likely responsible for the reddish, dusty haze and other dust clouds seen across this hemisphere of the planet. Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys High Resolution Imager took this image when the red planet was 43 million miles (69 million km) from Earth. Mars won't be this close again to Earth until 2018. Mars is now in its warmest months, closest to the Sun in its orbit, resulting in a smaller than normal south polar ice cap which has largely sublimated with the approaching summer.
Hubble Space Telescope Disco …
Title Hubble Space Telescope Discovers a Double Nucleus in the Core of an Active Galaxy
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. Astronomers announced today the discovery of a double nucleus in the active galaxy Markarian 315. The discovery was made from images taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. The findings may solve a decade-old mystery about the nature of a jet-like feature in Markarian 315, a so-called Seyfert galaxy, and appear to confirm one mechanism for producing an active galactic nucleus. (Seyfert galaxies are spiral galaxies with very bright nuclei that may be powered by massive black holes that are accreting matter.) Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1993/03/text/ ]
Hubble Space Telescope Finds …
Title Hubble Space Telescope Finds a Double Nucleus in the Andromeda Galaxy
Riccardo Giacconi Awarded NA …
Title Riccardo Giacconi Awarded NASA's Distinguished Public Service Medal
Hubble Finds Evidence of Ste …
Title Hubble Finds Evidence of Stellar Close Encounters: Bright Blue Stars and Naked Cores
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has discovered a new population of stars isolated deep in the core of M15, one of the densest globular star clusters. The stars are among the hottest stars observed in the core of a globular cluster. The most likely explanation for their existence is that they are the "naked cores" of stars that have been stripped of their outer envelope of gas, according to astronomers. Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1993/13/text/ ]
Hubble Space Telescope Finds …
Title Hubble Space Telescope Finds a Double Nucleus in the Andromeda Galaxy
STScI Preparing a Desktop Un …
Title STScI Preparing a Desktop Universe For Astronomers
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. Astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland report that their ambitious program to make a digitized survey of the entire sky available to astronomers around the world will debut by the end of this year. At that time, STScI plans to have the survey of the southern sky digitally compressed and stored on a set of 60 CD-ROMs (compact disk read-only memory) which is a widely used computer media. Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1993/14/text/ ]
Comparison of a WFPC2 Therma …
Title Comparison of a WFPC2 Thermal Vacuum Globular Cluster-Mask Image to Wfpc1
HST Reveals Stunning Detail …
Title HST Reveals Stunning Detail in Herbig-Haro Object
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has provided astronomers with their clearest look yet at a vast cloud of gas being heated by the birth of a new star. Called Herbig-Haro object #2 (HH-2), the cloud is heated by shock waves from jets of high speed gas being ejected from a newborn star. Because the star itself is embedded in a dusty cocoon, HH-2 provides the only visible clues to physical processes occurring in the young star. Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1993/17/text/ ]
HST Reveals Stunning Detail …
Title HST Reveals Stunning Detail in Herbig-Haro Object
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has provided astronomers with their clearest look yet at a vast cloud of gas being heated by the birth of a new star. Called Herbig-Haro object #2 (HH-2), the cloud is heated by shock waves from jets of high speed gas being ejected from a newborn star. Because the star itself is embedded in a dusty cocoon, HH-2 provides the only visible clues to physical processes occurring in the young star. Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1993/17/text/ ]
Core of the Globular Cluster …
Title Core of the Globular Cluster NGC 6624
Hubble Observations Support …
Title Hubble Observations Support Black Hole Explanation For Active Galaxies
Dark Matter Found in a "Typi …
Title Dark Matter Found in a "Typical" Cluster of Galaxies
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. Astronomer John S. Mulchaey, of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STSCI) and fellow team members announced today the discovery of a huge concentration of mysterious "dark matter" with the ROSAT X-ray observatory satellite. ROSAT is an acronym for Roentgen Satellite, a joint project of Germany, NASA, and the U.K.) Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1993/05/text/ ]
HST Reveals Growth Processes …
Title HST Reveals Growth Processes of Young Star
NASA Recognizes HST Guide St …
Title NASA Recognizes HST Guide Star Catalog Developers
Hubble Finds a Young Planeta …
Title Hubble Finds a Young Planetary Nebula
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. This is a NASA Hubble Space Telescope picture of a recently-formed ?planetary nebula,? known as Hen 1357. This expanding cloud of gas was ejected from the aging star in the center. Much of the gas is concentrated in a ring which appears tilted 35 degrees. Besides the big clumps in the ring, HST's detailed images reveal many smaller clumps and wisps of gas, indicating turbulent motions and other activity in the nebula. Two bubbles of gas seen above and below the ring have burst open at their ends, allowing gas from inside to escape.
Hubble Finds Evidence of Ste …
Title Hubble Finds Evidence of Stellar Close Encounters: Bright Blue Stars and Naked Cores
General Information What is an American Astronomical Society Meeting release? A major news announcement issued at an American Astronomical Society meeting, the premier astronomy conference. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has discovered a new population of stars isolated deep in the core of M15, one of the densest globular star clusters. The stars are among the hottest stars observed in the core of a globular cluster. The most likely explanation for their existence is that they are the "naked cores" of stars that have been stripped of their outer envelope of gas, according to astronomers. Read more: * Release Text [ http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1993/13/text/ ]
Hubble Sees Gas Shell Around …
Title Hubble Sees Gas Shell Around Nova Cygni 1992
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