|
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: A
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 15, 2002, to September 29, 2002 |
| Abstract |
Scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have confirmed the ozone hole over the Antarctic this September is not only much smaller than it was in 2000 and 2001, but has split into two separate "holes" |
| Completed |
2002-09-26 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: A
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 15, 2002, to September 29, 2002 |
| Abstract |
Scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have confirmed the ozone hole over the Antarctic this September is not only much smaller than it was in 2000 and 2001, but has split into two separate "holes" |
| Completed |
2002-09-26 |
|
Global View of the Arctic an
…
| Title |
Global View of the Arctic and Antarctic on September 21, 2005 |
| Abstract |
In support of International Polar Year, this matching pair of images showing a global view of the Arctic and Antarctic were generated in poster-size resolution. Both images show the sea ice on September 21, 2005, the date at which the sea ice was at its minimum extent in the northern hemisphere. The color of the sea ice is derived from the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature while the extent of the sea ice was determined by the AMSR-E sea ice concentration. Over the continents, the terrain shows the average landcover for September, 2004. (See Blue Marble Next Generation) The global cloud cover shown was obtained from the original Blue Marble cloud data distributed in 2002. (See Blue Marble:Clouds) A matching star background is provided for each view. All images include transparency, allowing them to be composited on a background. |
| Completed |
2007-02-08 |
|
Global View of the Arctic an
…
| Title |
Global View of the Arctic and Antarctic on September 21, 2005 |
| Abstract |
In support of International Polar Year, this matching pair of images showing a global view of the Arctic and Antarctic were generated in poster-size resolution. Both images show the sea ice on September 21, 2005, the date at which the sea ice was at its minimum extent in the northern hemisphere. The color of the sea ice is derived from the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature while the extent of the sea ice was determined by the AMSR-E sea ice concentration. Over the continents, the terrain shows the average landcover for September, 2004. (See Blue Marble Next Generation) The global cloud cover shown was obtained from the original Blue Marble cloud data distributed in 2002. (See Blue Marble:Clouds) A matching star background is provided for each view. All images include transparency, allowing them to be composited on a background. |
| Completed |
2007-02-08 |
|
Global View of the Arctic an
…
| Title |
Global View of the Arctic and Antarctic on September 21, 2005 |
| Abstract |
In support of International Polar Year, this matching pair of images showing a global view of the Arctic and Antarctic were generated in poster-size resolution. Both images show the sea ice on September 21, 2005, the date at which the sea ice was at its minimum extent in the northern hemisphere. The color of the sea ice is derived from the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature while the extent of the sea ice was determined by the AMSR-E sea ice concentration. Over the continents, the terrain shows the average landcover for September, 2004. (See Blue Marble Next Generation) The global cloud cover shown was obtained from the original Blue Marble cloud data distributed in 2002. (See Blue Marble:Clouds) A matching star background is provided for each view. All images include transparency, allowing them to be composited on a background. |
| Completed |
2007-02-08 |
|
Global View of the Arctic an
…
| Title |
Global View of the Arctic and Antarctic on September 21, 2005 |
| Abstract |
In support of International Polar Year, this matching pair of images showing a global view of the Arctic and Antarctic were generated in poster-size resolution. Both images show the sea ice on September 21, 2005, the date at which the sea ice was at its minimum extent in the northern hemisphere. The color of the sea ice is derived from the AMSR-E 89 GHz brightness temperature while the extent of the sea ice was determined by the AMSR-E sea ice concentration. Over the continents, the terrain shows the average landcover for September, 2004. (See Blue Marble Next Generation) The global cloud cover shown was obtained from the original Blue Marble cloud data distributed in 2002. (See Blue Marble:Clouds) A matching star background is provided for each view. All images include transparency, allowing them to be composited on a background. |
| Completed |
2007-02-08 |
|
Antarctic Heating and Coolin
…
| Title |
Antarctic Heating and Cooling Trends |
| Abstract |
Antarctica has been showing some interesting heating and cooling trends over the past 20+ years. Even though the interior of Antarctica is generally cooling, the coastlines (particularly in the western hemisphere) seem to be warming. This data is skin-depth temperatures derived from the thermal IR channel of historical AVHRR data. Please note, these are preliminary findings and there are errors associated with these trends. Scientists are currently working on ways of minimizing these errors to more precisely determine these trends. |
| Completed |
2005-06-28 |
|
Antarctic Heating and Coolin
…
| Title |
Antarctic Heating and Cooling Trends |
| Abstract |
Antarctica has been showing some interesting heating and cooling trends over the past 20+ years. Even though the interior of Antarctica is generally cooling, the coastlines (particularly in the western hemisphere) seem to be warming. This data is skin-depth temperatures derived from the thermal IR channel of historical AVHRR data. Please note, these are preliminary findings and there are errors associated with these trends. Scientists are currently working on ways of minimizing these errors to more precisely determine these trends. |
| Completed |
2005-06-28 |
|
Antarctic Heating and Coolin
…
| Title |
Antarctic Heating and Cooling Trends |
| Abstract |
Antarctica has been showing some interesting heating and cooling trends over the past 20+ years. Even though the interior of Antarctica is generally cooling, the coastlines (particularly in the western hemisphere) seem to be warming. This data is skin-depth temperatures derived from the thermal IR channel of historical AVHRR data. Please note, these are preliminary findings and there are errors associated with these trends. Scientists are currently working on ways of minimizing these errors to more precisely determine these trends. |
| Completed |
2005-06-28 |
|
The 2004 Antarctic Ozone Hol
…
| Title |
The 2004 Antarctic Ozone Hole |
| Abstract |
A relatively warm Antarctic winter in 2004 kept the thinning of the protective ozone layer over Antarctica, known as the ozone 'hole,' slightly smaller than in 2003. Each year the 'hole' expands over Antarctica, sometimes reaching populated areas of South America and exposing them to ultraviolet rays normally absorbed by ozone. Scientists have new tools to study this annual phenomenon, and the human-produced compounds that contribute to ozone breakdown are decreasing. On September 22, 2004, ozone thinning over Antarctica reached its maximum extent for the year at 24.2 million square kilometers (9.4 million square miles). The largest maximum area on record was 29.2 million square kilometers, in 2000. On October 5, 2004, the ozone layer reached a low value of 99 Dobson Units. |
| Completed |
2004-10-22 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from Earth P
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from Earth Probe TOMS: June 1998 through December 1998 |
| Completed |
1999-12-28 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: J
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: July 15, 2001 to October 9, 2001 |
| Abstract |
Satellite data show the area of this year's Antarctic ozone hole peaked at about 26 million square kilometers -- roughly the size of North America -- making the hole similar in size to those of the past three years, according to scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Researchers have observed a leveling-off of the hole size and predict a slow recovery. |
| Completed |
2001-10-03 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: J
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: July 15, 2001 to October 9, 2001 |
| Abstract |
Satellite data show the area of this year's Antarctic ozone hole peaked at about 26 million square kilometers -- roughly the size of North America -- making the hole similar in size to those of the past three years, according to scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Researchers have observed a leveling-off of the hole size and predict a slow recovery. |
| Completed |
2001-10-03 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: J
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: July 15, 2001 to October 9, 2001 |
| Abstract |
Satellite data show the area of this year's Antarctic ozone hole peaked at about 26 million square kilometers -- roughly the size of North America -- making the hole similar in size to those of the past three years, according to scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Researchers have observed a leveling-off of the hole size and predict a slow recovery. |
| Completed |
2001-10-03 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: J
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: July 15, 2001 to October 9, 2001 |
| Abstract |
Satellite data show the area of this year's Antarctic ozone hole peaked at about 26 million square kilometers -- roughly the size of North America -- making the hole similar in size to those of the past three years, according to scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Researchers have observed a leveling-off of the hole size and predict a slow recovery. |
| Completed |
2001-10-03 |
|
Antarctic Ozone Sequence 199
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone Sequence 1996 through 2004 |
| Abstract |
This animation shows total ozone in the Antarctic region along with the maximum ozone depth and size since the earliest measurements of the TOMS instrument on the Earth Probe satellite. This animation was created for an exhibit at the Smithsonium Museum. |
| Completed |
2005-03-18 |
|
Peak of the Antarctic Ozone
…
| Title |
Peak of the Antarctic Ozone Hole: September 15, 1999 (Still) |
| Completed |
1999-12-28 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from Earth P
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from Earth Probe TOMS: July 25, 1999 through September 25, 1999 |
| Completed |
1999-12-28 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from Earth P
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from Earth Probe TOMS: July 25, 1999 through September 25, 1999 |
| Completed |
1999-12-28 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from Earth P
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from Earth Probe TOMS: July 25, 1999 through September 25, 1999 |
| Completed |
1999-12-28 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from Earth P
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from Earth Probe TOMS: July 25, 1999 through September 25, 1999 |
| Completed |
1999-12-28 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: A
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 1, 2003 to September 23, 2003 |
| Abstract |
The 2003 Antarctic ozone hole was the second largest ever observed, according to scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The Antarctic ozone 'hole' is defined as thinning of the ozone layer over the continent to levels significantly below pre-1979 levels. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays. Loss of stratospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects on plants and animals. The size of the 2003 Antarctic ozone hole reached 10.9 million square miles on September 11, 2003, slightly larger than the North American continent, but smaller than the largest ever recorded, on September 10, 2000, when it covered 11.5 million square miles. |
| Completed |
2003-09-23 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: A
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 1, 2003 to September 23, 2003 |
| Abstract |
The 2003 Antarctic ozone hole was the second largest ever observed, according to scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The Antarctic ozone 'hole' is defined as thinning of the ozone layer over the continent to levels significantly below pre-1979 levels. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays. Loss of stratospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects on plants and animals. The size of the 2003 Antarctic ozone hole reached 10.9 million square miles on September 11, 2003, slightly larger than the North American continent, but smaller than the largest ever recorded, on September 10, 2000, when it covered 11.5 million square miles. |
| Completed |
2003-09-23 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: A
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 1, 2003 to September 23, 2003 |
| Abstract |
The 2003 Antarctic ozone hole was the second largest ever observed, according to scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The Antarctic ozone 'hole' is defined as thinning of the ozone layer over the continent to levels significantly below pre-1979 levels. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays. Loss of stratospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects on plants and animals. The size of the 2003 Antarctic ozone hole reached 10.9 million square miles on September 11, 2003, slightly larger than the North American continent, but smaller than the largest ever recorded, on September 10, 2000, when it covered 11.5 million square miles. |
| Completed |
2003-09-23 |
|
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: A
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone from TOMS: August 1, 2003 to September 23, 2003 |
| Abstract |
The 2003 Antarctic ozone hole was the second largest ever observed, according to scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The Antarctic ozone 'hole' is defined as thinning of the ozone layer over the continent to levels significantly below pre-1979 levels. Ozone blocks harmful ultraviolet 'B' rays. Loss of stratospheric ozone has been linked to skin cancer in humans and other adverse biological effects on plants and animals. The size of the 2003 Antarctic ozone hole reached 10.9 million square miles on September 11, 2003, slightly larger than the North American continent, but smaller than the largest ever recorded, on September 10, 2000, when it covered 11.5 million square miles. |
| Completed |
2003-09-23 |
|
Tropospheric Ozone Impacts C
…
| Title |
Tropospheric Ozone Impacts Climate Warming - Antarctic Dissolve |
| Abstract |
In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world. Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres. The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century. The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. |
| Completed |
2007-06-13 |
|
Tropospheric Ozone Impacts C
…
| Title |
Tropospheric Ozone Impacts Climate Warming - Antarctic Dissolve |
| Abstract |
In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world. Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres. The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century. The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. |
| Completed |
2007-06-13 |
|
Tropospheric Ozone Impacts C
…
| Title |
Tropospheric Ozone Impacts Climate Warming - Antarctic Dissolve |
| Abstract |
In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world. Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres. The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century. The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. |
| Completed |
2007-06-13 |
|
Tropospheric Ozone Impacts C
…
| Title |
Tropospheric Ozone Impacts Climate Warming - Antarctic Dissolve |
| Abstract |
In the first global assessment of the impact of ozone on climate warming, scientists at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, evaluated how ozone in the lowest part of the atmosphere (the troposphere) changed temperatures over the past 100 years. Using the best available estimates of global emissions of gases that create ozone, the GISS computer model study reveals how much this single air pollutant and greenhouse gas has contributed to warming in specific regions of the world. Ozone was responsible for one-third to half of the observed warming trend in the Arctic during winter and spring, according to the new research. Ozone is transported from the industrialized countries in the Northern Hemisphere to the Arctic quite efficiently during these seasons. The findings will be published soon in the American Geophysical Union's Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres. The impact of ozone air pollution on climate warming is difficult to pinpoint because, unlike other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone does not last long enough in the lower atmosphere to spread uniformly around the globe. Its warming impact is much more closely tied to the region it originated from. To capture this complex picture, the GISS scientists used a suite of three-dimensional computer models that starts with data on ozone sources and then tracks how ozone chemically evolved and moved around the world over the past century. The research was supported by NASA's Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. |
| Completed |
2007-06-13 |
|
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Eng
…
| Title |
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Englehardt's Subglacial Hydraulic System |
| Abstract |
ICESat satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003-2006 collected over West Antarctica reveal numerous regions of temporally varying elevation. MODIS satellite imagery over roughly the same time period collaborates where these subglacial fluctuations have occurred. These observations have led scientists to conclude that subglacial water movement is happening in this lake region, revealing a widespread, dynamic subglacial water system that could provide important insights into ice flow and the mass balance of Antarctica's ice. |
| Completed |
2007-02-13 |
|
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Eng
…
| Title |
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Englehardt's Subglacial Hydraulic System |
| Abstract |
ICESat satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003-2006 collected over West Antarctica reveal numerous regions of temporally varying elevation. MODIS satellite imagery over roughly the same time period collaborates where these subglacial fluctuations have occurred. These observations have led scientists to conclude that subglacial water movement is happening in this lake region, revealing a widespread, dynamic subglacial water system that could provide important insights into ice flow and the mass balance of Antarctica's ice. |
| Completed |
2007-02-13 |
|
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Eng
…
| Title |
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Englehardt's Subglacial Hydraulic System |
| Abstract |
ICESat satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003-2006 collected over West Antarctica reveal numerous regions of temporally varying elevation. MODIS satellite imagery over roughly the same time period collaborates where these subglacial fluctuations have occurred. These observations have led scientists to conclude that subglacial water movement is happening in this lake region, revealing a widespread, dynamic subglacial water system that could provide important insights into ice flow and the mass balance of Antarctica's ice. |
| Completed |
2007-02-13 |
|
True Color Rotate to Antarct
…
| Title |
True Color Rotate to Antarctic: Match Frame |
| Completed |
1999-12-28 |
|
Antarctic Ozone Sequence 199
…
| Title |
Antarctic Ozone Sequence 1996 through 2004, Data Dropouts Removed |
| Abstract |
This animation shows total ozone in the Antarctic region along with the maximum ozone depth and size since the earliest measurements of Earth Probe instrument on the TOMS satellite. This animation was created for an exhibit at the Smithsonium Museum. Data dropouts have been removed for the following times: 1998/12/14-31, 2002/08/03-11, 2003/11/28-2003/12/02. |
| Completed |
2005-03-18 |
|
The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hol
…
| Title |
The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hole |
| Abstract |
TOMS provides dramatic visual evidence of the annual growth and decay of the Antarctic ozone hole. The ozone losses over Antarctica result from reactions with the products of man-made chlorine and bromine compounds. Because of the tilt of the Earth's axis, continuous darkness falls at the South Pole from March 21 to September 21. The dark region in the middle of the July 1 total ozone picture is polar night, where TOMS cannot make measurements. Ozone losses are in blue. Beginning in August, returning sunlight reaches the edges of Antarctica providing chlorine and bromine compounds with energy to rapidly destroy ozone. By mid September, the ozone loss peaks, creating an ozone hole over Antarctic. or more information see http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2003/1208toms.html |
| Completed |
2003-11-18 |
|
The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hol
…
| Title |
The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hole |
| Abstract |
TOMS provides dramatic visual evidence of the annual growth and decay of the Antarctic ozone hole. The ozone losses over Antarctica result from reactions with the products of man-made chlorine and bromine compounds. Because of the tilt of the Earth's axis, continuous darkness falls at the South Pole from March 21 to September 21. The dark region in the middle of the July 1 total ozone picture is polar night, where TOMS cannot make measurements. Ozone losses are in blue. Beginning in August, returning sunlight reaches the edges of Antarctica providing chlorine and bromine compounds with energy to rapidly destroy ozone. By mid September, the ozone loss peaks, creating an ozone hole over Antarctic. or more information see http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2003/1208toms.html |
| Completed |
2003-11-18 |
|
The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hol
…
| Title |
The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hole |
| Abstract |
TOMS provides dramatic visual evidence of the annual growth and decay of the Antarctic ozone hole. The ozone losses over Antarctica result from reactions with the products of man-made chlorine and bromine compounds. Because of the tilt of the Earth's axis, continuous darkness falls at the South Pole from March 21 to September 21. The dark region in the middle of the July 1 total ozone picture is polar night, where TOMS cannot make measurements. Ozone losses are in blue. Beginning in August, returning sunlight reaches the edges of Antarctica providing chlorine and bromine compounds with energy to rapidly destroy ozone. By mid September, the ozone loss peaks, creating an ozone hole over Antarctic. or more information see http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2003/1208toms.html |
| Completed |
2003-11-18 |
|
The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hol
…
| Title |
The 2003 Antarctic Ozone Hole |
| Abstract |
TOMS provides dramatic visual evidence of the annual growth and decay of the Antarctic ozone hole. The ozone losses over Antarctica result from reactions with the products of man-made chlorine and bromine compounds. Because of the tilt of the Earth's axis, continuous darkness falls at the South Pole from March 21 to September 21. The dark region in the middle of the July 1 total ozone picture is polar night, where TOMS cannot make measurements. Ozone losses are in blue. Beginning in August, returning sunlight reaches the edges of Antarctica providing chlorine and bromine compounds with energy to rapidly destroy ozone. By mid September, the ozone loss peaks, creating an ozone hole over Antarctic. or more information see http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2003/1208toms.html |
| Completed |
2003-11-18 |
|
|
