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STS-113 Astronauts Work on P …
Name of Image STS-113 Astronauts Work on Port One (P1) Truss on International Space Station
Date of Image 2002-11-28
Full Description The 16th American assembly flight and 112th overall American flight to the International Space Station (ISS) launched on November 23, 2002 from Kennedy's launch pad 39A aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavor STS-113. Mission objectives included the delivery of the Expedition Six Crew to the ISS, the return of Expedition Five crew back to Earth, and the installation and activation of the Port 1 Integrated Truss Assembly (P1). The first major component installed on the left side of the Station, the P1 truss provides an additional three External Thermal Control System radiators. Weighing in at 27,506 pounds, the P1 truss is 45 feet (13.7 meters) long, 15 feet (4.6 meters) wide, and 13 feet (4 meters) high. Three space walks, aided by the use of the Robotic Manipulator Systems of both the Shuttle and the Station, were performed in the installation of P1. In this photograph, astronauts Michael E. Lopez-Alegria (above) and John B. Herrington (below) work on the newly installed P1 truss during the mission's second scheduled session of extravehicular activity. The space walk lasted 6 hours, 10 minutes. The end effector of the Canadarm2 or Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) and Earth's horizon are visible in the bottom of frame.
STS-113 Astronaut Lopez-Aleg …
Name of Image STS-113 Astronaut Lopez-Alegria Performs Second Scheduled Space Walk
Date of Image 2002-11-28
Full Description The 16th American assembly flight and 112th overall American flight to the International Space Station (ISS), launched on November 23, 2002 from Kennedy's launch pad 39A aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Endeavor STS-113. Mission objectives included the delivery of the Expedition Six Crew to the ISS, the return of Expedition Five crew back to Earth, and the installation and activation of the Port 1 Integrated Truss Assembly (P1). The first major component installed on the left side of the Station, the P1 truss provides an additional three External Thermal Control System radiators. Weighing in at 27,506 pounds, the P1 truss is 45 feet (13.7 meters) long, 15 feet (4.6 meters) wide, and 13 feet (4 meters) high. Three space walks, aided by the use of the Robotic Manipulator Systems of both the Shuttle and the Station, were performed in the installation of P1. In this photograph, astronaut and mission specialist Michael E. Lopez-Alegria works on the newly installed P1 truss during the mission's second scheduled session of extravehicular activity.
Issaouane Erg, Algeria
Title Issaouane Erg, Algeria
Description The Issaouane Erg (sand sea) is located in eastern Algeria between the Tinrhert Plateau to the north and the Fadnoun Plateau to the south. Ergs are vast areas of moving sand with little to no vegetation cover. Considered to be part of the Sahara Desert, the Issaouane Erg covers an area of approximately 38,000 km2. These complex dunes form the active southwestern border of the sand sea. The most common landforms in the image are star dunes and barchan (or crescent) dunes. Small linear dunes appear at top left. Star dunes are formed when sand is transported from variable wind directions, whereas barchan dunes form in a single dominant wind regime. The superimposition of two dune types suggests that wind regimes have changed through time. The active nature of this portion of the Erg is well illustrated by this image—smaller dunes form and migrate along the flanks of the larger dunes and sand ridges. Occasional precipitation fills basins formed by the dunes, as the water evaporates, salt deposits are left behind which appear as bluish-white areas. Astronaut photograph ISS010-E-13539 [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=ISS010&roll=E&frame=13539 ] was acquired January 16, 2005 with a Kodak 760C digital camera with an 800 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science & Analysis Group, Johnson Space Center. The International Space Station Program [ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html ] supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. [ http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/ ]
Locusts Plague Northwest and …
Title Locusts Plague Northwest and Western Africa
Description A wet winter and spring settled over northwestern Africa in 2004, and the dry Sahel bloomed with life. As the desert turned green, the plentiful water nourished more than vegetation. Buried in the sandy soils were the eggs of desert locusts, waiting to absorb moisture and hatch. This year, there was enough water and vegetation to support large populations of young locusts, and by late summer, several large swarms had developed. Swarms of locusts can contain as many as 80 million locusts per square kilometer, and may cover several square kilometers. An adult locust can eat its own weight in food every day, about two grams, which means that, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, a small part of a typical swarm can eat as much food as 2,500 people in a single day. At these rates, the locusts consume most vegetation in their path and then must migrate to find new sources of food. The locust outbreak of 2004 began in Morocco and Algeria in northwestern Africa. While the locusts can't be seen in satellite imagery, the conditions that support them are clearly visible. The above image shows how vegetation differed from previous years. The image is a composite of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data collected between April 6 and April 13, 2004. Green areas indicate that there was more vegetation in the region than the average of the past four years. Not surprisingly, these areas correlate well with the early breeding grounds of the locusts near the interface between dry desert land and wetter coastal land. When their numbers and the ending growing season forced the locusts to move, they traveled south and east on the summer winds. As of October 5, the locusts had expanded to the south in a band that stretched from Mauritania to Chad?a distance of roughly 4,000 kilometers. Currently, Mauritania is the worst affected, but Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, and the Cape Verde Islands have also been plagued with locusts. The swarms are now starting to move north again, this time into Libya and Algeria. On October 1, three to four million hectares of land were infested with locusts. As before, satellite imagery shows where locust swarms can migrate to find food by indicating where food is available. In the lower image, a composite of data collected between August 28 and September 4, 2004, pockets of green in southern Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, and Burkina Faso show where the locusts are finding food and breeding. The most recent information from FAO shows that these are indeed the areas where the locusts are concentrated. Though the locusts themselves are harmless, they can cause significant crop damage. The worst of the problem is in Mauritania, where dark clouds of locusts have swarmed over much of the country. Rainfall had been good, and farmers anticipated a better-than-average harvest until the locusts arrived. Mauritania?s national food security authority expected to lose up to 75, percent of the cereal crop, though the Food and Agriculture Oragnization (FOA) of the United Nations expected a smaller loss. Undoubtedly, the insects are causing considerable damage, but both the Foreign Agricultural Service [ http://www.fas.usda.gov/pecad/highlights/2004/08/west_africa/index.htm ] of the United States Department of Agriculture and the FAO say that it?s too early to quantify how the outbreak will impact overall production. Harvest began in September and continues through November, and the amount of crops that the locusts consume in the meantime will depend on how effective efforts to control them are and whether or not the locusts continue to breed. To read more about the current locust situation in Africa, please visit the Desert Locust Information Service [ http://www.fao.org/news/global/locusts/locuhome.htm ], a service provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. For more information about monitoring locust outbreaks with satellites, see Locust! [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/Locusts/ ] NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data provided by Mark Carrol as part of the Global Agricultural Monitoring Project between NASA, USDA?s Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), and the University of Maryland. Assaf Anyamba from the Goddard Earth Sciences Technology Center, and Curt Reynolds with FAS, contributed to the caption as part of the same partnership. More data and information about this joint project is available at Satellite Information for Agricultural Monitoring.
Locusts Plague Northwest and …
Title Locusts Plague Northwest and Western Africa
Description A wet winter and spring settled over northwestern Africa in 2004, and the dry Sahel bloomed with life. As the desert turned green, the plentiful water nourished more than vegetation. Buried in the sandy soils were the eggs of desert locusts, waiting to absorb moisture and hatch. This year, there was enough water and vegetation to support large populations of young locusts, and by late summer, several large swarms had developed. Swarms of locusts can contain as many as 80 million locusts per square kilometer, and may cover several square kilometers. An adult locust can eat its own weight in food every day, about two grams, which means that, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, a small part of a typical swarm can eat as much food as 2,500 people in a single day. At these rates, the locusts consume most vegetation in their path and then must migrate to find new sources of food. The locust outbreak of 2004 began in Morocco and Algeria in northwestern Africa. While the locusts can't be seen in satellite imagery, the conditions that support them are clearly visible. The above image shows how vegetation differed from previous years. The image is a composite of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data collected between April 6 and April 13, 2004. Green areas indicate that there was more vegetation in the region than the average of the past four years. Not surprisingly, these areas correlate well with the early breeding grounds of the locusts near the interface between dry desert land and wetter coastal land. When their numbers and the ending growing season forced the locusts to move, they traveled south and east on the summer winds. As of October 5, the locusts had expanded to the south in a band that stretched from Mauritania to Chad?a distance of roughly 4,000 kilometers. Currently, Mauritania is the worst affected, but Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, and the Cape Verde Islands have also been plagued with locusts. The swarms are now starting to move north again, this time into Libya and Algeria. On October 1, three to four million hectares of land were infested with locusts. As before, satellite imagery shows where locust swarms can migrate to find food by indicating where food is available. In the lower image, a composite of data collected between August 28 and September 4, 2004, pockets of green in southern Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, and Burkina Faso show where the locusts are finding food and breeding. The most recent information from FAO shows that these are indeed the areas where the locusts are concentrated. Though the locusts themselves are harmless, they can cause significant crop damage. The worst of the problem is in Mauritania, where dark clouds of locusts have swarmed over much of the country. Rainfall had been good, and farmers anticipated a better-than-average harvest until the locusts arrived. Mauritania?s national food security authority expected to lose up to 75, percent of the cereal crop, though the Food and Agriculture Oragnization (FOA) of the United Nations expected a smaller loss. Undoubtedly, the insects are causing considerable damage, but both the Foreign Agricultural Service [ http://www.fas.usda.gov/pecad/highlights/2004/08/west_africa/index.htm ] of the United States Department of Agriculture and the FAO say that it?s too early to quantify how the outbreak will impact overall production. Harvest began in September and continues through November, and the amount of crops that the locusts consume in the meantime will depend on how effective efforts to control them are and whether or not the locusts continue to breed. To read more about the current locust situation in Africa, please visit the Desert Locust Information Service [ http://www.fao.org/news/global/locusts/locuhome.htm ], a service provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. For more information about monitoring locust outbreaks with satellites, see Locust! [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/Locusts/ ] NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data provided by Mark Carrol as part of the Global Agricultural Monitoring Project between NASA, USDA?s Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), and the University of Maryland. Assaf Anyamba from the Goddard Earth Sciences Technology Center, and Curt Reynolds with FAS, contributed to the caption as part of the same partnership. More data and information about this joint project is available at Satellite Information for Agricultural Monitoring.
Locusts Plague Northwest and …
Title Locusts Plague Northwest and Western Africa
Description A wet winter and spring settled over northwestern Africa in 2004, and the dry Sahel bloomed with life. As the desert turned green, the plentiful water nourished more than vegetation. Buried in the sandy soils were the eggs of desert locusts, waiting to absorb moisture and hatch. This year, there was enough water and vegetation to support large populations of young locusts, and by late summer, several large swarms had developed. Swarms of locusts can contain as many as 80 million locusts per square kilometer, and may cover several square kilometers. An adult locust can eat its own weight in food every day, about two grams, which means that, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, a small part of a typical swarm can eat as much food as 2,500 people in a single day. At these rates, the locusts consume most vegetation in their path and then must migrate to find new sources of food. The locust outbreak of 2004 began in Morocco and Algeria in northwestern Africa. While the locusts can't be seen in satellite imagery, the conditions that support them are clearly visible. The above image shows how vegetation differed from previous years. The image is a composite of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data collected between April 6 and April 13, 2004. Green areas indicate that there was more vegetation in the region than the average of the past four years. Not surprisingly, these areas correlate well with the early breeding grounds of the locusts near the interface between dry desert land and wetter coastal land. When their numbers and the ending growing season forced the locusts to move, they traveled south and east on the summer winds. As of October 5, the locusts had expanded to the south in a band that stretched from Mauritania to Chad?a distance of roughly 4,000 kilometers. Currently, Mauritania is the worst affected, but Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, and the Cape Verde Islands have also been plagued with locusts. The swarms are now starting to move north again, this time into Libya and Algeria. On October 1, three to four million hectares of land were infested with locusts. As before, satellite imagery shows where locust swarms can migrate to find food by indicating where food is available. In the lower image, a composite of data collected between August 28 and September 4, 2004, pockets of green in southern Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, and Burkina Faso show where the locusts are finding food and breeding. The most recent information from FAO shows that these are indeed the areas where the locusts are concentrated. Though the locusts themselves are harmless, they can cause significant crop damage. The worst of the problem is in Mauritania, where dark clouds of locusts have swarmed over much of the country. Rainfall had been good, and farmers anticipated a better-than-average harvest until the locusts arrived. Mauritania?s national food security authority expected to lose up to 75, percent of the cereal crop, though the Food and Agriculture Oragnization (FOA) of the United Nations expected a smaller loss. Undoubtedly, the insects are causing considerable damage, but both the Foreign Agricultural Service [ http://www.fas.usda.gov/pecad/highlights/2004/08/west_africa/index.htm ] of the United States Department of Agriculture and the FAO say that it?s too early to quantify how the outbreak will impact overall production. Harvest began in September and continues through November, and the amount of crops that the locusts consume in the meantime will depend on how effective efforts to control them are and whether or not the locusts continue to breed. To read more about the current locust situation in Africa, please visit the Desert Locust Information Service [ http://www.fao.org/news/global/locusts/locuhome.htm ], a service provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. For more information about monitoring locust outbreaks with satellites, see Locust! [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/Locusts/ ] NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data provided by Mark Carrol as part of the Global Agricultural Monitoring Project between NASA, USDA?s Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), and the University of Maryland. Assaf Anyamba from the Goddard Earth Sciences Technology Center, and Curt Reynolds with FAS, contributed to the caption as part of the same partnership. More data and information about this joint project is available at Satellite Information for Agricultural Monitoring.
Smoke from Fires in Greece
Title Smoke from Fires in Greece
Description Besides laying waste to huge areas of forest, fires [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=14474 ] burning in Greece in August 2007 released pollutants that traveled across the Mediterranean Sea and into Africa. This image shows aerosols—tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in air—observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite layered on the photo-like Blue Marble [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/BlueMarble/ ] composite image. Relatively clear air is transparent. Highest aerosol concentrations are pink. On August 26, 2007, aerosols from the fires on the southwestern coast of Greece took a fairly direct route across the Mediterranean Sea to the western part of the Libyan coast. A large pool of smoke collected over the Gulf of Sirte, off the Libyan coast. Another pocket of thick aerosols appears over Algeria. These particles are probably smoke emitted from fires burning in Algeria [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=14478 ] over a long stretch of the coastal Atlas Mountains. Farther south over the deserts of northern Africa, the light green areas of moderate aerosol amounts could be smoke or dust. On August 27, 2007, aerosols still crossed the Mediterranean Sea, but they took a more circular route. They spread southward in a clockwise direction from Greece, across the island of Crete, and concentrated thickly over eastern Libya. The other large pocket of aerosols—the pink patch hovering over the border of Libya and Algeria—may include smoke from Algeria and Greece. As on the previous day, some aerosols collected over Egypt and eastern Libya. OMI detects the amount of light of different wavelengths that the atmosphere scatters back to space, the amount of backscattered sunlight is affected by what is in the atmosphere. To make an aerosol index with OMI data, scientists compare the amount of ultraviolet (UV) light the atmosphere scatters back at given place and time to the amount of UV light that the atmosphere would scatter back if it were totally clear. You can download a KMZ file KMZ file of the smoke from Greece suitable for use with Google Earth [ http://earth.google.com/ ] for both August 26 [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/Archive/Aug2007/greece_omi_2007238.kmz ] and August 27. [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/Archive/Aug2007/greece_omi_2007239.kmz ] Image courtesy Omar Torres, OMI Science Team, and Colin Seftor, NASA NPP Science Team.
Floods in Algeria
Title Floods in Algeria
Description Torrential rain pounded the Sahara desert of southeastern Algeria in early March 2005. The rainwater poured down the dry channels cut into the desert by former floods, washing away buildings and disrupting telephone and power networks. At least three have died in the floods, and nine others are missing. The water-filled wadis formed blue-green lines through the desert on March 7, when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) captured the top image. In both the upper image and the lower image, which has been provided for comparison, clouds are light blue and bare desert soil is tan with a slight pink tint. NASA images created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the Goddard Earth Sciences DAAC.
Floods in Algeria
Title Floods in Algeria
Description Torrential rain pounded the Sahara desert of southeastern Algeria in early March 2005. The rainwater poured down the dry channels cut into the desert by former floods, washing away buildings and disrupting telephone and power networks. At least three have died in the floods, and nine others are missing. The water-filled wadis formed blue-green lines through the desert on March 7, when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) captured the top image. In both the upper image and the lower image, which has been provided for comparison, clouds are light blue and bare desert soil is tan with a slight pink tint. NASA images created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the Goddard Earth Sciences DAAC.
Earth observations taken fro …
johnsonspacecentermediaarchi …
Earth observations taken fro …
STS070-705-094
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 1995-07-16
creator NASA
identifier STS070-705-094
Earth observations taken dur …
johnsonspacecentermediaarchi …
Earth observations taken dur …
STS095-713-092
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 1998-11-06
creator NASA
identifier STS095-713-092
Earth observations taken dur …
johnsonspacecentermediaarchi …
Earth observations taken dur …
STS095-713-029
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 1998-11-06
creator NASA
identifier STS095-713-029
Earth observations taken dur …
johnsonspacecentermediaarchi …
Earth observations taken dur …
STS095-713-038
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 1998-11-06
creator NASA
identifier STS095-713-038
Earth observations taken dur …
johnsonspacecentermediaarchi …
Earth observations taken dur …
STS095-713-062
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 1998-11-06
creator NASA
identifier STS095-713-062
Heatwave in Northern Africa …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Portugal, Spain, Italy, and …
europe_tmolst_2005201
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date July 19, 2005
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier europe_tmolst_2005201
Heatwave in Northern Africa …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Portugal, Spain, Italy, and …
europe_tmolst_2005201
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date July 19, 2005
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier europe_tmolst_2005201
Central Sahara: A Wet Past: …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
On August 25, 2000, the moda …
central_sahara
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2000-08-25
creator NASA -- Image courtesy Luca Pietranera, www.telespazio.it/ Telespazio , Rome, Italy
identifier central_sahara
Earth observations taken dur …
johnsonspacecentermediaarchi …
Earth observations taken dur …
STS095-713-063
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 1998-11-06
creator NASA
identifier STS095-713-063
Where Europe meets Africa: I …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
This natural-color satellite …
PIA04376
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2002
creator NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/ MISR Team. Jim Knighton ( jknighton@clear-light.com jknighton@clear-light.com ) of Clear Light Image Products produced the image mosaic. Please note that the image shown here is at a pixel resolution of approximately 1.1 kilometers, but a more detailed version at a resolution of 278 meters is available from the producer. Text by Clare Averill (Raytheon ITSS / Jet Propulsion Laboratory).
identifier PIA04376
Flooding in Southern Algeria …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
algeria_TMO_2006046
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date February 15, 2006
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier algeria_TMO_2006046
Dust Storm off Morocco: Imag …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Dust plumes hundreds of kilo …
ge_08548
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-02-10
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ge_08548
Dust Storm off Morocco: Imag …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Dust plumes hundreds of kilo …
ge_08548
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-02-10
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ge_08548
Floods in Algeria: Natural H …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
algeria_amo_07mar05
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-03-07
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier algeria_amo_07mar05
Heatwave in Northern Africa …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Already in the throes of sev …
nafrica_tmolst_2005193
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date July 12, 2005
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier nafrica_tmolst_2005193
Heatwave in Northern Africa …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Already in the throes of sev …
nafrica_tmolst_2005193
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date July 12, 2005
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier nafrica_tmolst_2005193
Five Years of MISR Global Ae …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Aerosols are tiny airborne p …
PIA04374
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2000-02-24
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy GSFC/LaRC/JPL, www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/ MISR Team
identifier PIA04374
Five Years of MISR Global Ae …
PIA04374
Sol (our sun)
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroR …
Title Five Years of MISR Global Aerosol Observations
Original Caption Released with Image , and for monthly as well as seasonal time increments. The measurements capture airborne particles in the entire atmospheric column, for sub-visible sizes ranging from tiny smoke particles to "medium" dust (about 0.5 to 2.5 microns). Such particles are produced by forest fires, deserts, volcanoes, breaking ocean waves, and urban and industrial pollution sources. MISR retrieves aerosol amount with high accuracy at mid-visible wavelengths, even over urban areas and bright desert source regions, in addition to obtaining some information about particle size and shape, from the varying scene brightness over nine different view angles and four wavelengths. These maps were generated from data acquired between March 2000 and November 2004, and show column-integrated aerosol optical depth (also known as optical thickness) averaged over half-degree by half-degree grid cell areas (about 60 kilometer rectangles at low latitudes). The color scale indicates the range of optical depths, from relatively clear skies in blue and purple, to hazier atmospheres in red, orange, yellow or green. Black pixels indicate missing results due to persistent seasonal cloud cover. The MISR aerosol algorithm uses both stereoscopic and spectral brightness techniques to identify and screen out cloudy pixels. This five-year data sequence has special significance to the MISR Mission -- it is released this week to mark the fifth anniversary since MISR began taking science data, on February 24 2000. Despite easily identified changes from season to season, the seasonal patterns are remarkably similar from year to year. Between December and February there are relatively clear skies over north Africa, and the highest aerosol optical thicknesses (red pixels) are found across the Central and West African wet-tropical regions and the Gulf of Guinea. From March through May, very thick aerosols extend northwards across the deserts of Mali, Niger and Chad, while in southern Africa, this is the least hazy time of year. During June through August, there is persistent cloud cover along the Central and West African wet-tropical coasts (black pixels in the aerosol maps), and very thick aerosol concentrations extend both north-northwest over Mauritania, Western Sahara and Algeria, and south over the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Between September and November thick aerosol cover is limited to portions of southern Africa and the Congo, but moderately high aerosol optical thickness (green and yellow pixels) extends a bit farther west over the Atlantic. Aerosols play an important role in the global atmosphere, directly influencing global climate and human health. Ground-based networks that accurately measure column aerosol amount and properties are sparse, satellite instruments can now complement these data, providing aerosol optical depth measurements covering long periods and large areas. One application of such data, when analyzed in conjunction with independent information about aerosol, Five years of atmospheric aerosol data are available as global aerosol maps from NASA's Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR). These 19 global panels show the seasonal-average distribution of atmospheric aerosol amount across Africa and the Atlantic Ocean, such global maps are also available for all other parts of the planet [ http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/misr/level3/globe.html?%20view_type=%22globe%22 ], vertical distribution, is to help determine ground-level pollution concentrations. The results are being used to improve Air Quality Models and for regional health studies. To assess the human-health impact of chronic aerosol exposure, an accurate record of aerosol properties for ten or more years is needed. Global summaries of aerosol optical thickness from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument are available from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Sciences Data Center's MISR MISR Level 3 Imagery [ http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/misr/level3/overview.html ] web site http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov [ http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov ]. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously from pole to pole, and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology.
Where Europe meets Africa
PIA04376
Sol (our sun)
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroR …
Title Where Europe meets Africa
Original Caption Released with Image Data from a portion of the imagery acquired by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer's vertical-viewing (nadir) camera during 2000-2002 were combined to create this cloud-free natural-color mosaic of southwestern Europe and northwestern Morocco and Algeria. The image extends from 48°N, 16°W in the northwest to 32°N, 8°E in the southeast. It is displayed in Albers conic equal-area projection (a projection which is frequently used for equal-area maps of regions that are predominantly east-west in extent). From the northeast, the image traverses a portion of the Swiss Alps (partially snow-covered) and a small part of Italy's Po Valley. The northern portion of the image also includes the western coast of France and much of southern and southwestern France's undulating terrain, which continues until reaching the hills of the Pyrenees. The Pyrenees act as the natural frontier to the Iberian Peninsula -- a landmass comprised of Spain and Portugal. The Peninsular landscapes are extremely varied, with some almost desert-like, others green and fertile. About half of Spain is situated atop a high plain, known as the Central Plateau, and many mountain ranges, rivers, geological basement rock and vegetation types are found across this great plateau. The largest alluvial plain is Andalusia in the south, where the valley of the Guadalquivir River is shut in by mountain ranges on every side except the southwest, where the valley descends to the Atlantic. The islands of Mallorca, Menorca and Ibiza are Spanish territories in the western Mediterranean. At the Strait of Gibralter, Spain and Morocco very nearly kiss, and Morocco appears relatively verdant along its northern coastal corner. The rugged Atlas Mountain ranges traverse northern Algeria and Morocco. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer observes the daylit Earth continuously from pole to pole, and every 9 days views the entire globe between 82 degrees north and 82 degrees south latitude. This data product was generated from a portion of the imagery acquired during 2000-2002. MISR was built and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Office of Earth Science, Washington, DC. The Terra satellite is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology.
Both sides of the Atlantic O …
Title Both sides of the Atlantic Ocean are visible from Apollo 8 spacecraft
Description Both sides of the Atlantic Ocean are visible in this view from the Apollo 8 spacecraft. The large, most prominent, land mass is the bulge of west Africa. The portion of Africa near the equator is dark and cloudy, but the more northerly portions are clear, showing the prominent cape at Dakar and the Senegal River in Senegal, Cap Blanc, the Adrar Plateau in Mauritania, the wide expanse of desert in Algeria and Spanish Sahara, and at the far edge, the Atlas and Anti-Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Clouds cover the eastern coast of South America, southward from Surinam and Guyana to near the City of Salvador, Brazil. This view was taken after tranlunar insertion.
Date Taken 1968-12-22
Algeria as seen from Gemini …
Title Algeria as seen from Gemini 7 spacecraft
Description Algeria, south of Celemb Bechar, is photographed by Astronaut Frank Borman and James A. Lovell during the 42nd revolution of the Gemini 7 mission. Note rain runoff on desert floor.
Date Taken 1965-12-13
Algeria as seen from Gemini …
Title Algeria as seen from Gemini 7 spacecraft
Description Algeria, south-southeast of Colomb Bechar area, is photographed by Astronaut Frank Borman and James A. Lovell during the Gemini 7 mission. Sand dunes are 200 to 300 ft. high in the Grand Erg Occidental area. The Oued Saoura river can be seen in the upper left corner. White spot in middle of picture is the Seboha el Malah salt beds. The area had just experienced very heavy rains and the stream and salt flat are inundated.
Date Taken 1965-12-05
Algeria, south of Fort Flatt …
Title Algeria, south of Fort Flatters area, as seen from Gemini 7 spacecraft
Description Algeria, south of Fort Flatters area, is photographed by Astronaut Frank Borman and James A. Lovell during the 13th revolution of the Gemini 7 mission. Orange color areas is the Tifermime Sand Dunes.
Date Taken 1965-12-05
Strait of Gibraltar
Title Strait of Gibraltar
Description Gateway to the Atlantic, since ancient times the Strait of Gibraltar (36.5N, 4.5W) is also the border between Africa and Europe. In Spain to the north, the dark area near the coast is the delta of the Guadalquivir River and the city of Seville. The small spike of land on the north side of the strait is the actual Rock of Gibraltar. On the African side, a cloud front cutting across from the coast is blowing into Europe from Morocco and Algeria.
Date Taken 1973-06-22
View of chains of star sand …
Title View of chains of star sand dunes in eastern Algeria from Skylab
Description A north-looking oblique view of chains of star sand dunes in eastern Algeria (30.0N, 5.0E) as seen from the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. The low sun angle of about 25 degrees above horizontal enhances the detail in this picture. The field of view at the base of the photograph is approximately 200 kilometers (125 miles). The individual dunes are roughly star-shaped rather than simple crescents which are common in dune fields. In this region the stars are aligned along ridges.
Date Taken 1973-12-31
Area of Spanish Sahara, Maur …
Title Area of Spanish Sahara, Mauritania, Algeria, Morocco as seen from Gemini 10
Description Area of Spanish Sahara, Mauritania, Algeria, Morocco, looking north into Hamada Du Dra, as seen from the Gemini 10 spacecraft.
Date Taken 1966-07-18
Straits of Gibralter, Medite …
Title Straits of Gibralter, Mediterranean Sea, Spain as seen from Gemini 10
Description Straits of Gibralter, Mediterranean Sea, Spain in background, Algeria and Morocco in foreground as seen from Gemini 10 spacecraft.
Date Taken 1966-07-18
Strait of Gibraltar
Title Strait of Gibraltar
Description Gateway to the Atlantic, since ancient times the Strait of Gibraltar (36.5N, 4.5W) is also the border between Africa and Europe. In Spain to the north, the dark area near the coast is the delta of the Guadalquivir River and the city of Seville. The small spike of land on the north side of the strait is the actual Rock of Gibraltar. On the African side, the sharp line cutting across from the coast is dust cloud blowing into Europe from Algeria.
Date Taken 1991-05-06
Dust Storm, Sahara Desert, A …
Title Dust Storm, Sahara Desert, Algeria/Niger Border, Africa
Description A series of gust fronts caused by disipating thunderstorms have picked up dust along the outflow boundries and produced this dust storm in the Sahara Desert along the Algeria/Niger border (25.0N, 10.0E). Small cumulus clouds have formed over the most vigorously ascending parts of the dust front, enhancing the visual effect. Storms such as this can move out into the Atlantic, bringing dust even as far as the Americas and beyond.
Date Taken 1992-05-16
Payload Bay and Great Wester …
Title Payload Bay and Great Western Sand Sea, Algeria, Africa
Description Patterns of yellow and orange dunes of the Great Western Sand Sea of Algeria (29.5N, 1.5W) contrast with the black folded sedimentary rocks in the central Sahara Desert. A small dry riverbed, along the line between the thick sands and the black rocks brings in sediment from the Atlas Mountains of Morocco. Southwest winds blow sand from the bed to form a thick sand sheet on the downwind side of the river to contrast with the thin upwind dune strips.
Date Taken 1992-07-09
Earth observation photo of A …
Title Earth observation photo of Algeria's Tifernine Dunes
Description Photograph of Algeria's Tifernine dunes taken with a hand-held camera through the ceiling windows of the Columbia during STS-2. The area is about 800 miles south, southeast of Alger, the capital of Algeria. The dunes are in ecess of 1,000 feet in height and are trapped in an enclosure in the Tassili Najjer Mountains.
Date Taken 1981-11-16
STS-57 Earth observation of …
Title STS-57 Earth observation of the Eastern Mediterranean, Nile River, Asia Minor
Description STS-57 Earth observation of the Eastern Mediterranean. From a high vantage point over the Nile River, this north-looking view shows the eastern Mediterranean and the entire landmass of Asia Minor, with the Black Sea dimly visible at the horizon. Many of the Greek islands can be seen in the Aegean Sea (top left), off the coast of Asia Minor. Cyprus is visible under atmospheric dust in the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean. The dust cloud covers the east end of the Mediterranean, its western edge demarcated by a line that cuts the center of the Nile Delta. This dust cloud originated far to the west, in Algeria, and moved northeast. A gyre of clouds in the southeast corner of the Mediterranean indicates a complementary counterclockwise (cyclonic) circulation of air. The Euphrates River appears as a thin green line (upper right) in the yellow Syrian desert just south of the mountains of Turkey. The Dead Sea (lower right) lies in a rift valley which extends north into Turkey and sout
Date Taken 1993-07-01
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