Narrow Search
 
 
Advanced Search

Browse All : Earth and Moon of Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)

Printer Friendly
1 2 3 4 … 11 12
1-50 of 579
     
     
Warm Fractures on Enceladus
Description Warm Fractures on Enceladus
Full Description This image shows the warmest places in the south polar region of Saturn's moon Enceladus. The unexpected temperatures were discovered by Cassini's composite infrared spectrometer during a close flyby on July 14, 2005. The image shows how these temperatures correspond to the prominent, bluish fractures dubbed "tiger stripes," first imaged by Cassini's imaging science subsystem cameras. Working together the two teams were able to pinpoint the exact location of the warmest regions on Enceladus. The composite infrared spectrometer instrument measured the infrared heat radiation from the surface at wavelengths between 9 and 16.5 microns within each of the 10 squares shown here. Each square is 6 kilometers (4 miles) across. The color of each square, and the number shown above it, describe the composite infrared spectrometer's measurement of the approximate average temperature of the surface within that square. The warmest temperature squares, at 91 and 89 degrees Kelvin (minus 296 and minus 299 degrees Fahrenheit), are located over one of the "tiger stripe" fractures. They contrast sharply with the surrounding temperatures, which are in the range 74 to 81 degrees Kelvin (minus 326 to minus 313 degrees Fahrenheit). The detailed composite infrared spectrometer data suggest that small areas near the fracture are at substantially higher temperatures, well over 100 degrees Kelvin (minus 279 degrees Fahrenheit). Such "warm" temperatures are unlikely to be due to heating of the surface by the feeble sunlight striking Enceladus' south pole. They are a strong indication that internal heat is leaking out of Enceladus and warming the surface along these fractures. Evaporation of this relatively warm ice probably generates the cloud of water vapor detected above Enceladus' south pole by several other Cassini instruments. Scientists are unsure how the internal heat reaches the surface. The process might involve liquid water, slushy brine, or soft but solid ice. The imaging science subsystem image is an enhanced color view with a pixel scale of 122 meters (400 feet) that was acquired at the same time as the composite infrared spectrometer data. It covers a region 125 kilometers (75 miles) across. The spacecraft's distance from Enceladus was 21,000 kilometers (13,000 miles). The broad bluer fractures that can be seen running from the upper left to the lower right of the image are 1 to 2 kilometers (0.6 to 1.2 miles) wide and more than 100 kilometers (60 miles) long. The fractures are thought to be bluer than the surrounding surface because coarser-grained ice (which has a blue color just as thick masses of ice, like glaciers and icebergs, do on Earth) has been exposed in the fractures. The color image was constructed using an ultraviolet filter (centered at 338 nanometers) in the blue channel, a clear filter in the green channel, and an infrared filter (centered at 930 nanometers) in the red channel. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA,, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter was designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The composite infrared spectrometer team is based at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo. For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov . The composite infrared spectrometer team homepage is http://cirs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . The imaging team homepage is at http://ciclops.org . Credit: NASA/JPL/GSFC/Space Science Institute
Date July 29, 2005
Enceladus Temperature Map
Description Enceladus Temperature Map
Full Description This image shows the surprise that startled Cassini scientists on the composite infrared spectrometer team when they got their first look at the infrared (heat) radiation from the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. There is a dramatic warm spot centered on the pole that is probably a sign of internal heat leaking out of the icy moon. The data were taken during the spacecraft's third flyby of this intriguing moon on July 14, 2005. Based on data from previous flybys, which did not show the south pole well, team members expected that the south pole would be very cold, as shown in the left panel. Enceladus is one of the coldest places in the Saturn system because its extremely bright surface reflects 80 percent of the sunlight that hits it, so only 20 percent is available to heat the surface. As on Earth, the poles should be even colder than the equator because the sun shines at such an oblique angle there. The right hand panel shows a global temperature image made from measurements of Enceladus' heat radiation at wavelengths between 9 and 16.5 microns. Cassini made the observation from a distance of 84,000 kilometers (52,000 miles) on the approach to Enceladus, and the image shows details as small as 25 kilometers (16 miles). Equatorial temperatures are much as expected, topping out at about 80 degrees Kelvin (-315 degrees Fahrenheit), but the south pole is occupied by a well-defined warm region reaching 85 Kelvin (-305 degrees Fahrenheit). That is 15 degrees Kelvin (27 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than expected. The composite infrared spectrometer data further suggest that small areas of the pole are at even higher temperatures, well over 110 degrees Kelvin (-261 degrees Fahrenheit). Evaporation of this relatively warm ice probably generates the cloud of water vapor detected above Enceladus' south pole by several other Cassini instruments. The south polar temperatures are very difficult to explain if sunlight is the only energy source heating the surface, though exotic sunlight-trapping mechanisms have not yet been completely ruled out. It therefore seems likely that portions of the polar region are warmed by heat escaping from the interior of the moon. This would make Enceladus only the third solid body in the solar system, after Earth and Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, where hot spots powered by internal heat have been detected. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter was designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The composite infrared spectrometer team is based at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov . The composite infrared spectrometer team homepage is, http://cirs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . Credit: NASA/JPL/GSFC
Date July 29, 2005
Phoebe Temperature Maps
Description Phoebe Temperature Maps
Full Description A montage of maps of Saturn's moon Phoebe shows surface temperatures at various times of day as determined by the composite infrared spectrometer onboard Cassini during the June 11, 2004, Phoebe flyby. The asterisk on each map shows the location of the subsolar point, where the Sun is directly overhead. This point moves across the surface as Phoebe rotates. It is morning in regions to the left of the subsolar point, and afternoon in regions to the right. Like a newspaper weather map, different colors indicate different temperatures, though Phoebe's temperatures are distinctly cooler than even the coldest January day on Earth. Equatorial temperatures peak in the early afternoon near 112 Kelvin (-257 Fahrenheit), plunging to 78 Kelvin (-319 Fahrenheit) before dawn, and are even colder at higher latitudes. The large day/night temperature contrasts imply that Phoebe's surface is covered in loose dust or ice particles that store little heat and thus cool off rapidly at night. Regions of Phoebe's surface that were not observed are shown in black. Most of the maps show the effect on surface temperatures of the large crater-like depression seen in Cassini's visible-wavelength images of Phoebe, which is located just left of center in these maps. Crater walls that are shadowed and cold in the early morning in the first map are sunlit and warm in the late afternoon in the final map. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter was designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The composite infrared spectrometer team is based at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission, visit http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov and the Cassini composite infrared spectrometer home page at http://cirs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ . Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Goddard Space Flight Center
Still Illustrations of White …
Name Still Illustrations of White Dwarf Gravitational Wave Merger
Hubble Follows Rapid Changes …
Title Hubble Follows Rapid Changes in Jupiter's Aurora
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
Cassiopeia A - The Colorful …
Title Cassiopeia A - The Colorful Aftermath of a Violent Stellar Death
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. A new image taken with NASA's Hubble Space Telescope provides a detailed look at the tattered remains of a supernova explosion known as Cassiopeia A (Cas A). It is the youngest known remnant from a supernova explosion in the Milky Way. The new Hubble image shows the complex and intricate structure of the star's shattered fragments. The image is a composite made from 18 separate images taken in December 2004 using Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS).
Spitzer and Hubble Capture E …
Title Spitzer and Hubble Capture Evolving Planetary Systems
The Carina Nebula: Star Birt …
Title The Carina Nebula: Star Birth in the Extreme
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. In celebration of the 17th anniversary of the launch and deployment of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, a team of astronomers is releasing one of the largest panoramic images ever taken with Hubble's cameras. READ: Junior version of this article Amazing Space Learn about this story in the Star Witness, a science newspaper available on our sister site, Amazing Space. [ http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/news/archive/2007/02/ ] It is a 50-light-year-wide view of the central region of the Carina Nebula where a maelstrom of star birth &#151, and death &#151, is taking place. This image is a mosaic of the Carina Nebula assembled from 48 frames taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. The Hubble images were taken in the light of neutral hydrogen during March and July 2005. Color information was added with data taken in December 2001 and March 2003 at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. Red corresponds to sulfur, green to hydrogen, and blue to oxygen emission.
The Carina Nebula: Star Birt …
Title The Carina Nebula: Star Birth in the Extreme
General Information What is Hubble Heritage? A monthly showcase of new and archival Hubble images. Go to the Heritage site. In celebration of the 17th anniversary of the launch and deployment of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, a team of astronomers is releasing one of the largest panoramic images ever taken with Hubble's cameras. READ: Junior version of this article Amazing Space Learn about this story in the Star Witness, a science newspaper available on our sister site, Amazing Space. [ http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/news/archive/2007/02/ ] It is a 50-light-year-wide view of the central region of the Carina Nebula where a maelstrom of star birth &#151, and death &#151, is taking place. This image is a mosaic of the Carina Nebula assembled from 48 frames taken with Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. The Hubble images were taken in the light of neutral hydrogen during March and July 2005. Color information was added with data taken in December 2001 and March 2003 at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. Red corresponds to sulfur, green to hydrogen, and blue to oxygen emission.
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
NASA's Hubble Looks for Poss …
Title NASA's Hubble Looks for Possible Moon Resources
Hubble Space Telescope Looks …
Title Hubble Space Telescope Looks at the Moon to Prospect for Resources (Aristarchus Crater - gray)
Abstract My edit: The Hubble Space Telescope was used to gather high resolution multi spectral data of the moon's Aristarchus Crater in order to investigate the possibility of potential oxygen producing minerals on the surface. Identifying such minerals could aid in planning future sustained human missions on the moon. Initial analysis of the data indicate the likely presence of titanium and iron oxides. Both these minerals could be used as oxygen sources essential for human exploration. This visualization starts with a view of the moon as seen from Earth using a USGS Apollo derived artist rendered texture (airbrushed). The camera then zooms into the Aristarchus Crater region. Simulated topography derived from Clementine data is used for relief and high resolution HST data is used for the area of interest. After investigating Aristarchus Crater, the camera then moves over to Schroter's Valley for a brief investigation. This visualization is match rendered with id 3275 so that the color version can be dissolved in or out as needed. Exposure Time: 2.5 minutes Filters: F250W (250nm), F344N (344nm), F502N (502nm), F658N (658nm)
Completed 2005-10-12
Hubble Space Telescope Looks …
Title Hubble Space Telescope Looks at the Moon to Prospect for Resources (Aristarchus Crater - color)
Abstract The Hubble Space Telescope looked at specific areas of the moon prospecting for important minerals that may aid future sustained human presence on the moon. Initial analysis of the data indicate the likely presence of titanium and iron oxides. These minerals can be sources of oxygen, essential for human exploration. This visualization starts with a view of the moon as seen from Earth using a USGS Apollo derived artist rendered texture (airbrushed). The camera then zooms into the Aristarchus crater region. Clementine derived cimulated topography is shown around the outside and HST color imagery is shown filling most of the view. The camera then flys into the crater site using using simulated topgraphy and then over to Schroter's Valley. This visualization is match rendered with id 3274 so that the color version can be dissolved in or out as needed. The colors are from these HST filter bands: RED = 502/250 nm ratio, GREEN = 502 nm (green), BLUE = 250/502 nm ratio In the image, blues are in principle higher in ilmenite.
Completed 2005-10-12
Hubble Space Telescope Looks …
Title Hubble Space Telescope Looks at the Moon to Prospect for Resources (Aristarchus Crater - color)
Abstract The Hubble Space Telescope looked at specific areas of the moon prospecting for important minerals that may aid future sustained human presence on the moon. Initial analysis of the data indicate the likely presence of titanium and iron oxides. These minerals can be sources of oxygen, essential for human exploration. This visualization starts with a view of the moon as seen from Earth using a USGS Apollo derived artist rendered texture (airbrushed). The camera then zooms into the Aristarchus crater region. Clementine derived cimulated topography is shown around the outside and HST color imagery is shown filling most of the view. The camera then flys into the crater site using using simulated topgraphy and then over to Schroter's Valley. This visualization is match rendered with id 3274 so that the color version can be dissolved in or out as needed. The colors are from these HST filter bands: RED = 502/250 nm ratio, GREEN = 502 nm (green), BLUE = 250/502 nm ratio In the image, blues are in principle higher in ilmenite.
Completed 2005-10-12
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
STEREO's Routes to Solar Orb …
Title STEREO's Routes to Solar Orbits
Abstract The two STEREO spacecraft, A (red path) and B (yellow path), are launched from the Earth into a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee that reaches the orbit of the Moon. Once in this orbit, the trajectories are adjusted so they can receive gravity-assists from the Moon. The gravity assist will send them both into heliocentric orbits, one spacecraft ahead of the Earth and the other behind the Earth. This trajectory was generated using a spacecraft ephemeris generated shortly after launch.
Completed 2007-02-05
Lunar Rotation and Flyby fro …
Title Lunar Rotation and Flyby from Clementine Data (with route map)
Abstract Clementine was a joint project between the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization and NASA. The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon and the near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos. Clementine was launched on 25 January 1994 at 16:34 UTC (12:34 PM EDT) from Vandenberg AFB aboard a Titan IIG rocket. After two Earth flybys, lunar insertion was achieved on February 21. Lunar mapping took place over approximately two months, in two parts. The first part consisted of a 5 hour elliptical polar orbit with a perilune of about 400 km at 28 degrees S latitude. After one month of mapping the orbit was rotated to a perilune of 29 degrees N latitude, where it remained for one more month. This allowed global imaging as well as altimetry coverage from 60 degrees S to 60 degrees N.
Completed 1995-06-09
Lunar Beauty Shot
Title Lunar Beauty Shot
Abstract This is a beauty shot animation flying over the surface of the moon created in support of a series of live interviews about the 2004 lunar eclipse. Scales are not accurate in this visualization. The Earth is about 3 times larger than it would actually appear. The source of the moon texture is unknown, it is thought to be a composite from several missions. The Earth texture was captured as the Galileo spacecraft swung by the Earth in 1990 for a gravity assist on its way to Jupiter.
Completed 2004-11-01
Hubble Space Telescope Looks …
Title Hubble Space Telescope Looks at the Moon to Prospect for Resources (Apollo 17 Landing Region)
Abstract The Hubble Space Telescope looked at specific areas of the moon prospecting for important minerals that may aid future sustained human presence on the moon. Initial analysis of the data indicate the likely presence of titanium and iron oxides. These minerals can be sources of oxygen, essential for human exploration. This visualization starts with a view of the moon as seen from Earth using a USGS Apollo derived artist rendered texture (airbrushed). The camera then zooms into the Apollo 17 landing region using Clementine data (the outer area after the camera pauses), high resolution HST data (the inner area), and Apollo 17 derived topgraphy. Exposure Time: 2.5 minutes Filters: F250W (250nm), F344N (344nm), F502N (502nm), F658N (658nm) Data from these multiple filters were used to produce the mosaic Apollo 17 landing site image.
Completed 2005-10-12
Hubble Space Telescope Looks …
Title Hubble Space Telescope Looks at the Moon to Prospect for Resources (Apollo 17 Landing Region)
Abstract The Hubble Space Telescope looked at specific areas of the moon prospecting for important minerals that may aid future sustained human presence on the moon. Initial analysis of the data indicate the likely presence of titanium and iron oxides. These minerals can be sources of oxygen, essential for human exploration. This visualization starts with a view of the moon as seen from Earth using a USGS Apollo derived artist rendered texture (airbrushed). The camera then zooms into the Apollo 17 landing region using Clementine data (the outer area after the camera pauses), high resolution HST data (the inner area), and Apollo 17 derived topgraphy. Exposure Time: 2.5 minutes Filters: F250W (250nm), F344N (344nm), F502N (502nm), F658N (658nm) Data from these multiple filters were used to produce the mosaic Apollo 17 landing site image.
Completed 2005-10-12
Multiple Views of the Moon
Title Multiple Views of the Moon
Description On April 14, 2003, a special maneuver of the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] spacecraft was performed as it traversed the nightside of orbit 17672. This maneuver entailed a "backward somersault" of the spacecraft as it pitched end-over-end, allowing the normally Earth-viewing instruments to look at deep space and the waxing gibbous Moon. The purpose of this acrobatic feat is to assist in the calibration of several of Terra's instruments. Over a 16-minute interval, the lunar disk passed through the fields-of-view of all nine MISR cameras, resulting in this unique set of images. Shown here are "raw" red-band data, with no adjustments for radiometric calibration. Because the pitch rate of the spacecraft resulted in different pixel spacings in the left-right and up-down directions, the aspect ratios of the raw images have been adjusted to provide roughly circular disks. Each image is labeled with the name of the camera which acquired it. The "D" cameras are the ones which normally view the Earth at the most oblique angles, and the letters "f" and "a" denote fore- and aft-viewing orientations, respectively. "An" is the vertical-viewing (nadir) camera. Why are the "D" images the sharpest? The letters "A", "B", "C", and "D" refer to the different lens designs used on MISR, with the "D" lenses having focal lengths more than twice as large as the "A" lenses. A pixel at the center of the lunar disk subtends about 65 kilometers for the "D" cameras and about 137 kilometers for the "A" cameras. As the Moon passed into the field-of-view of each of the nine cameras, the lunar disk was always viewed "straight on", so there is no multiangular effect in these images. Familiar lunar features are clearly recognizable. The dark lunar "maria" are vast plains of basaltic lava. The feature near the upper right-hand edge of the lunar disk is Mare Crisium. Between it and image center is Mare Tranquillitatis, site of the 1969 Apollo 11 lunar landing. About halfway between image center and the left edge of the disk is the crater Copernicus, with the large Mare Imbrium to its north. Near the bottom is the crater Tycho, with bright rays of ejecta extending in many directions. Planning for this maneuver has been underway since before Terra's launch. A high school Applied Engineering Competition [ http://terra.nasa.gov/Events/Competition/ ] was also held (in partnership with the Goddard Space Flight Center's Educational Programs Office) in which students were asked to visualize the precise timing and mechanics of Terra's on-orbit calibration maneuvers. Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, MISR Team. [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://www-misr.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] Text by David J. Diner (JPL) and Clare Averill (Acro Service Corporation/JPL).
Fires in Nevada and Idaho
Title Fires in Nevada and Idaho
Description In northern Nevada, two large fires were racing through sagebrush and grass on July 18, 2005, when this image was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov ] satellite. Active fire locations that MODIS detected are marked in red. Both the Esmerelda and Wilson Complex Fires were damaging livestock forage areas, as well as native animal habitat. To the north, in Idaho, the Clover Fire was burning in a southeast direction, creating a dark brown burn scar that looks much like the lava rocks of the Craters of the Moon National Monument. As of July 19, 2005, the Clover Fire was estimated to have burned 183,000 acres, the Wilson Fire: 57,500 acres, and the Esmerelda Fire: 75,000 acres. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of Oregon State University?s MODIS Direct Broadcast data facility.
1 2 3 4 … 11 12
1-50 of 579