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Browse All : Columbia and Earth and Crew Earth Observation (CEO) of Johnson Space Center (JSC)

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Earth Observation of sun-gli …
Title Earth Observation of sun-glinted ocean and clouds
Description Earth Observation shows sun glint over ocean and clouds.
Date Taken 1982-11-16
STS-32 Earth observation of …
Title STS-32 Earth observation of the western Coral Sea and the Great Barrier Reef
Description STS-32 Earth observation taken onboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of the western Coral Sea and the Great Barrier Reef. The scene shows phytoplankton or algal bloom in the northwest Coral Sea. The western Coral Sea and the Great Barrier Reef waters offshore Queensland, Australia are the sites of some of the larger concentrations or "blooms" of phytoplankton and algae in the open ocean. In the instance illustrated here, the leading edge of a probable concentration of algae or phytoplankton is seen as a light irregular line and sheen between the offshore Great Barrier Reef and the Queensland coast. Previous phytoplankton concentrations in this area have been reported by ships at sea as having formed floating mats as thick as two meters.
Date Taken 1990-01-20
STS-32 Earth observation of …
Title STS-32 Earth observation of the southern Sand Sea, Namibia, Atlantic Ocean
Description STS-32 Earth observation taken onboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of the southern Sand Sea. Low sun angles on this south-looking view of the sand dunes of the southern Sand Sea (foreground) shows the many subtle patterns produced by winds. Along the coast very strong southerly winds have generated a zone of ribbed, transverse dunes. Further inland, different patterns appear, which may relate to present winds, or perhaps to winds which blew in different directions at times in the geological past. Strong Santa Ana-type winds blow from inland (left) during the winter which may explain the small patterns (center left). The small fishing port of Luderitz occupies the main bay on the coastline. Otherwise the area is empty of inhabitants on the very dry and windy coast. Railways connect the post with inland centers.
Date Taken 1990-01-20
STS-35 Earth observation of …
Title STS-35 Earth observation of thunderstorm systems over the Indian Ocean
Description STS-35 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of thunderstorm systems over the Indian Ocean. Captured in low light the thuderstorms' three-dimensional structure is revealed.
Date Taken 1990-12-10
STS-35 Earth observation of …
Title STS-35 Earth observation of the Persian Gulf area
Description STS-35 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of the Persian Gulf area. Major cities and oilfields of the countries of Saudi Arabia (foreground), Iraq (top left), Iran (top center and top right), Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and a portion of the United Arab Emirates are visible in this scene. The cities are the large whitish areas of city lights. Flares characteristic of the Mid-East oil field practices are visible both onshore and offshore throughout the scene. Major cities identifiable are in Iraq - Baghdad, Basra, and Faw, in Qatar - Ab Dawhah, in Kuwait - Kuwait City, in Saudi Arabia - Riyadh, Al Jubayl, Dharan, Al Huf, Ad Dilam and Al Hariq, and Bahrain and its associated causeway to the mainland.
Date Taken 1990-12-10
STS-45 Earth observation of …
Title STS-45 Earth observation of the Rocky Mountains in Montana and Alberta
Description STS-45 Earth observation taken onboard Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, is of the Rocky Mountains in northern Montana and southern Alberta. Glacier National Park is in the center of the snow-covered Front Range. Beyond and to the left, Flathead Lake, surrounded by dark forest, can barely be made out within the light-colored valley. This view extends across the Columbia River Basin in Oregon to the eastern Cascades. Fallow wheat land on the northern High Plains is visible in the foreground.
Date Taken 1992-04-02
Earth observation photo of A …
Title Earth observation photo of Algeria's Tifernine Dunes
Description Photograph of Algeria's Tifernine dunes taken with a hand-held camera through the ceiling windows of the Columbia during STS-2. The area is about 800 miles south, southeast of Alger, the capital of Algeria. The dunes are in ecess of 1,000 feet in height and are trapped in an enclosure in the Tassili Najjer Mountains.
Date Taken 1981-11-16
Earth observation photo of P …
Title Earth observation photo of Pusen, South Korea
Description Pusen, South Korea appears near the center of this vertical view made by the STS-2 crew aboard the Columbia. Also seen are Masan, Taegu, Koje Island, Korea Strait, and the Japanese Island of Tsushima. The frame was exposed on the 27th orbit from an altitude of 160 miles (225 kilometers) on Nov. 14, 1981.
Date Taken 1981-11-16
Earth observation photo take …
Title Earth observation photo taken by JPL with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A
Description Earth observation photo taken by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A). This image shows the Los Angeles basin. The area's freeways are visible as dark lines. The Los Angles harbor breakwater off Long Beach is seen as a bright line. Vessels in the harbor show as bright points.
Date Taken 1981-12-08
Earth observation photo take …
Title Earth observation photo taken by JPL with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A
Description Photos of earth observations taken by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A). This image shows Lake Okeechobee (right) and Lake Istokopoga (left) in Central Florida. Lake Okeechobee is bounded on the east by rectangular agricultural fields and to the south and west by swamps and wetlands which appear as bright features.
Date Taken 1981-12-08
Earth observation photo take …
Title Earth observation photo taken by JPL with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A
Description Earth observation photo taken by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A). This image shows a 50 by 120 kilometer (30 by 75 mile) area of the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern coast of Central Sardinia (left). The city of Arbatose is seen as a bright area along the coast in the lower part of the image, and the star-like spot off the coast is a ship's reflection. The Gulf of Orsei is near the top of the image. Bright, mottled features in the sea (right) represent surface choppiness.
Date Taken 1981-12-08
Earth observation photo take …
Title Earth observation photo taken by JPL with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A
Description Earth observation photo taken by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A). This image shows a 50 by 100 kilometer (30 by 60 mile) area of the Imperial Valley in Southern California and neighboring Mexico. The checkered patterns represent agricultural fields where different types of crops in different stages of growth are cultivated. The very bright areas are (top left to lower right) the U.S. towns of Brawley, Imperial, El Centro, Calexico and the Mexican city of Mexicali. The bright L-shaped line (upper right) is the All-American water canal.
Date Taken 1981-12-08
Earth observation photo take …
Title Earth observation photo taken by JPL with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A
Description Earth observation photo taken by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A). Image of California's coast from Point Concepcion (far left) to Ventura (right). The city of Santa Barbara is visible as a bright region (center). The row of bright spots in the ocean are oil drilling platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel, while the random points of brightness in the channel are vessels. Lakes Cachuma (left) and Casitas (right) are seen as large dark areas. Folded sedimentary rock layers are visible in the Santa Ynez Mountain Range which stretches down the coastline, the stratification terminates at the Santa Ynez fault on the island side of the mountains.
Date Taken 1981-12-08
STS-55 Earth observation of …
Title STS-55 Earth observation of a thunderstorm over the coast of Nigeria
Description STS-55 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows a 30-mile-wide thunderstorm (tops estimated near 45,000 feet). It was photographed by the STS-55 crew from an altitude of 162 nautical miles over the coast of Nigeria, 05-02-93, at 11 hours, 13 minutes, 34 seconds GMT (near noon, local time). A Meteosat view taken at almost exactly the same time allows us to pinpoint the location of the storm but does not show any of the detail evident in the Shuttle photograph. This huge thunderstorm was in the early stages of formation, as can been seen by the intense turbulence in the cauliflower shape of the top. Two major updrafts can be seen as the rose-shaped regions in the cloud tops. An easterly wave in the low levels of the atmosphere created a line of instability, which, together with an ample supply of moisture from the warm waters of the Gulf of Guinea and solar heating over the coast throughout the morning, caused this megastorm to occur. North is to the left
Date Taken 1993-05-06
STS-55 Earth observation of …
Title STS-55 Earth observation of agricultural development in northern Argentina
Description STS-55 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of agricultural development in northern Argentina. This photograph is from a mapping strip of photographs acquired by the STS-55 crew. This mapping strip runs from the "eyelash forests" of the Bolivian Andes, southeast across the Chaco Plains, and into the upper Parana River Basin of north-central Argentina. The formerly densely forested areas between the upper Rio Pilcomayo and the Rio Teuco of NW Argentina rest on deep, rich alluvial and loess deposits. These modern soils were carried into the region by rivers from the Andes and by dust storms from large playa areas of the Altiplano (high plains) of Peru and Boliva. In this scene, representative of the long mapping strip, the process of converting forests to agriculture is far advanced. The original road network, a series of grids laid out in the forest, has nearly coalesced into a farm and ranch landscape. Some few relict forests are still visible as distin
Date Taken 1993-05-06
STS-55 Earth observation of …
Title STS-55 Earth observation of Somalia
Description STS-55 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows Somalia, with the Gulf of Aden and South Yemen toward the north (top) and the Indian Ocean to the east (right). This LINHOF photograph provides a synoptic view of the Sanaag and Bari provinces. Clouds accentuate the escarpment running across the northern coast. Cape Guardafui, the tip of the Horn of Africa, is traditionally taken as the easternmost point of Africa. The strange-shaped promontory immediately south is about 0.1 degree farther east, however.
Date Taken 1993-05-06
STS-55 Earth observation of …
Title STS-55 Earth observation of the Timor Sea
Description STS-55 Earth observation taken from Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows the Timor Sea along the south coast of Timor. The sunglint pattern shows a sharp boundary in sea surface temperature, with cooler water along the coast and warmer water offshore. The sunglint brightness reveals water surface roughness with bright indicating smooth water and dark representing rough water. Cooler water is smoother because it acts to stabilize the atmospheric boundary layer, while the warm water acts to destabilize the atmosphere. Another indication of water temperature is the cloud pattern. Advection within the atmosphere as a result of warming at the sea surface forms low-level clouds with the small, popcorn-like appearance seen in upper right corner of the photograph. The cool water, on the other hand, is relatively free of the popcorn-like clouds. The distribution of the clouds indicates that the wind is blowing toward the upper right corner of the photograph. Also note the line of low-level
Date Taken 1993-05-06
STS-55 Earth observation of …
Title STS-55 Earth observation of Altiplano ash/dust plume in Argentina
Description STS-55 Earth observation taken from Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows several plumes of blowing material over northern Argentina. All plumes originate downwind of the recent volcanic eruption of Lascar Volcano (just over the border in northern Chile). It seems most likely, therefore, that the blown material is dust-sized particles of ash that was deposited on the high Andean plateau by Lascar during the eruption of 04-20-93. The large, dense, V-shaped plume in this frame is about 40 kilometers long. It is blowing eastwards from a point about 100 km southeast of Lascar. On 05-10-93, images from the AVHRR sensor on the environmental satellite NOAA-11 showed the dust from these parts of Altiplano reaching the lowlands hundreds of kilometers to the east. This photo was recorded on 05-04-93 at 19 hours 10 minutes 38 seconds GMT.
Date Taken 1993-05-06
STS-55 Earth observation sho …
Title STS-55 Earth observation shows a sunset over South America
Description STS-55 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows a spectacular sunset view over South America and the cleanest atmosphere since before the volcanic eruptions of 1991, according to NASA scientists studying the STS-55 photography. A dark cloud layer is evident at an altitude of 7 to 9 kilometers. Five kilometers higher, a pink layer of sulfuric acid droplets and ammonium sulfate particles begins at the tropopause and extends upward into the stratosphere to 19 kilometers. Above that, blue scattering by the atmosphere diminishes until, at an altitude of 60 kilometers, the blackness of space is predominant.
Date Taken 1993-05-06
STS-55 Earth observation of …
Title STS-55 Earth observation of Lake Natron, Tanzania, East Africa
Description STS-55 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows Lake Natron in Tansania, in the 35-mile-wide East African Rift Valley. This lake is surrounded by sodium carbonate volcanoes. Through erosion, these salts of volcanic origin are transported into the rift valley lakes. The various shades of bright red reflecting from the lake result from the water chemistry and biotic blooms. The white spots in the lakebed are drying soda salts. The depth and circulation of the water in the southern end of the lake cause it to appear dark blue rather than bright red. In the repeated photographs of this lake from orbit, we have seen the extent and intensity of its colors fluctuate seasonally. In this photograph, the biotic activity appears to be at a peak. Such a large extent of red-colored water was not present in the photos taken from STS-56, just a few days before (04-10-93).
Date Taken 1993-05-06
STS-55 Earth observation of …
Title STS-55 Earth observation of Lake Natron, Tanzania, East Africa
Description STS-55 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows Lake Natron. Taken with color infrared (CIR) film, the typical red-colored water appears greenish. The drying soda salts in the lakebed are seen in greater detail in this CIR view. From the signatures seen in this photograph, the lake appears to be highly saline and to contain aquatic biota with little or no chlorophyll. The biomass over the rift valley escarpment is clearly defined by the reddish color in this CIR photo. Refer to STS055-93-037 for a comparative view photographed in regular color.
Date Taken 1993-05-06
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of the Bolivar Peninsula and Galveston Island in Texas
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows the Bolivar Peninsula and Galveston Island in Texas. The peninsula and island form the seaward side of the Galveston Bay complex. The photograph is centered at approximately 29.3 degrees north and 94.8 degrees west. This view of the area shows typical summer clouds. Both coastal and bay current flows are prominent. Ship traffic is visible in Bolivar Roads. The Texas City Dike is near the center of the photograph and was designed to protect the upper bay from wave action. The heavily urbanized Galveston Island is in contrast to the lightly populated Bolivar Peninsula.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Port-Au-Prince, Haiti, was taken aboard OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of Port-Au-Prince, Haiti. This view, centered at approximately 18.5 degrees north and 72.5 degrees west, shows the location of the city of Port-Au-Prince. It is located at the head of Port-Au-Prince Bay in a valley. The Eastern edge of Saumatre Lake, visible in the photograph, forms the boundary with the Dominican Republic. The Haitian Republic occupies the western portion of the Island of Hispaniola.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Yanbu' Al Bahr, Saudia Arabia, taken from OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows the west coast of Saudi Arabia with the port city of Yanbu' Al Bahr. The coast and this port city are the identifying landmarks with respect to locating the position of the striated plankton blooms in the Red Sea. This plankton bloom is accentuated by the sizable diverging eddies as the surface currents seem to be deflected by the small near-shore islands into the north and south eddies. Approximate center point for the photograph is 23.5 degrees north and 37.5 degrees east.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of western Pacific Ocean with large typhoon
Description This photograph was fairly characteristic of the western Pacific Ocean between the Philippine Islands and the area just south of the Japanese Islands during the duration of the STS-65 shuttle mission. The western half of a large typhoon can be seen near the horizon and terminator. Numerous small thunderstorms are visible toward the center of the photograph, and an extensive area of scattered clouds (with possibly dissipated or collapsed thunderstorms) can be seen towards the bottom of the picture. View was taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of northern Australia (winter burning) from OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows late winter burning in northern Australia and the extreme northern coastal area that includes the Cobourg Peninsula, as well as Melville and Bathurst Islands. These fires were probably set intentionally to renew pasture under open canopy woodland. The very dark lowland areas on Melville Island represent mangrove woodland. In contrast to some other tropical regions (for example Madagascar and Indonesia), no soil erosion (sediment plumes) is visible in this photograph.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Northern Chile and Andes Mtns taken from OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows Northern Chile and the Andes Mountains. This color photograph is a panoramic (southern view) that features Chile and the Andes Mountains of South America. The Atacama Desert, one of the driest regions on Earth, is clearly visible along the Chilean coast. In the near left foreground is the Salar de Arizaro. Salar Punta Negra in the center foreground appears to be partially filled with water. On the right side of the view, a coastal plateau rises from the Pacific Ocean and meets the Andes Mountains that appear as a backbone running north to south along the border of Chile and Argentina. In the distant left portion of the view can be seen the hazy Chaco Plains and Pampas.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of dust plumes from Rio Grande in Southern Bolivia
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of dust plumes from the Rio Grande in Southern Bolivia. A series of dust plumes can be seen rising from sand banks in the Rio Grande of southern Bolivia, bottom right of this northeast-looking view. The Rio Grande brings sediment from the Andes (foothills visible in the foreground, bottom left) and flows across the flat country of the northern Chaco plain. During the low-flow season, sand banks of this sediment are exposed to northerly winds which often blow dust into the surrounding forest. One of the significances of the dust plumes is that dust acts as a source of nutrient for the local soils. This is the most impressive example of dust ever recorded on Shuttle photography from this river. Such plumes have been seen on photographs from four previous missions (STS-31, STS-47, STS-48, STS-51I) emanating from the Rio Grande. The plumes are regularly space because the sand is blown only from those reaches of th
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Bahama Islands with dust pall, taken from OV-102
Description During STS-65 a significant dust pall that originated in western Africa was recorded by a series of low oblique color photographs as it continued its westward trek across the Atlantic Ocean and then the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico area. This particular view captures the northern edge of the dust, positioned just slightly north of the Bahama Islands. This major transport of African dust to the western hemisphere has been recorded periodically by other Shuttle astronauts and earlier Shuttle missions. Scientifically, there is evidence that some of this African dust even reaches the Amazon rainforest and serves as a source of airborne nutrients for rainforest vegetation. This photograph was taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of eddies on the Philippine Sea taken aboard OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is a sunglint view of the Philippine Sea highlighting eddies produced by one or more dark islands partially obscured by clouds. These dark islands are on the opposite side of the field of view from the shuttle and have produced the various sized eddies which appear as swirls. Intermingled with these eddies are highlighted current flow lines and internal waves. These internal waves seem to be propagated on only one side of the eddy boundary. According to NASA scientists this eddy boundary may be produced by winds, differences in water temperature or a combination of these.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Brahmaputra River, Northeast India
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of the Brahmaputra River in Northeast India. The Brahmaputra River is a highly braided, meandering river with innumerable river islands, alluvial fans, sand bars, ox-bow lakes, and marshes. The valley is built by deposition of alluvium upon a sag formed during the period of the rise of the Himalaya. The Brahmaputra has more than 35 major tributaries. During the rainy season (June-September), the Brahmaputra is rendering an enormous slow moving lake. Floods are an annual menace to agriculture and settlements in the valley. Vast amounts of silt and debris, already a problem, are increased many folds with continuing deforestation of the mountain slopes.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Hurricane Emilia in Eastern Pacific Ocean
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows Hurricane Emilia in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Hurricane Emilia's wind speeds exceeded 150 knots. This high oblique view of the storm shows numerous spiral bands of thunderstorms, overshooting thunderstorm tops at the tropopause, and a well developed eye at the center of the picture. Shuttle photography provides high resolution details of these powerful and destructive systems that are not fully possible from lower-resolution, unmanned satellites.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Lake Chad, Africa, taken aboard Columbia, OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows Lake Chad, Africa. This is another long term ecological monitoring site for NASA scientists. Lake Chad was first photographed from space in 1965. A 25-year length-of-record data set exists for this environmentally important area. A number of these scenes have been digitized, rectified, classified and results show that the lake area has been shrinking and only 15% to 20% of the surface water is visible on space images. NASA's objective in monitoring this lake is to document the intra- and interannual areal changes of the largest standing water body in the Sahelian biome of North Africa. These areal changes are an indicator of the presence or absence of drought across the arguably overpopulated, overgrazed, and over biological carrying capacity limits nations of the Sahel.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Hurricane Emilia taken aboard Columbia, OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation of Hurricane Emilia in Pacific Ocean was taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. This vertical view, photographed with a handheld 70mm camera, reveals the well-defined eye of the hurricane as it moves westerly several hundred miles southeast of the big island of Hawaii. Early in the flight the crew was able to observe the evolution of the storm and there was some concern that it might eventually head toward the Hawaiian Islands. Fortunately it did not.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil taken from OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. This port city with a population of 11.6 million people can be seen to the left of Governador Island. Aeroporto Galeao is visible on the left, or western half of Governador Island. Below Governador Island is the Ponte Rio Niteroi bridge which connects the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Niteroi. Several ships can be seen in the Bay of Guanabara.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of center-pivot irrigation in Saudi Arabia
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of center-pivot irrigation in North Central Saudi Arabia. This 250mm color photograph shows a small section of desert land where center-pivot irrigation is used for crop production. This particular area is representative of a much larger area within Saudi Arabia where this agricultural practice is being applied. The water is being extracted from subsurface reserves that infiltrated deep aquifers over the Central Arabian Arch during previous geological periods, when the climate was much wetter than present. This view is an example of the use of abundant fossil water to achieve self sufficiency in food production. Note OV-102's vertical stabilizer and tail cap are visible in the view.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of island wake at Oahu, Hawaii, taken from OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows Oahu, Hawaii. The island wake emerging to the lower left side of Oahu is caused by wind currents blowing from the northeast being obstructed by the northwest-southeast trending, cloud covered, Koolau mountain range. The lighter colored water indicates a more smooth surface with a slower water current that the darker, rougher, faster moving water current. Pearl Harbor is visible to the south of the Koolau Range. To the right, or east, of Pearl Harbor is the city of Honolulu. The circular, brown feature to the east of Honolulu is the dormant volcano Diamond Head.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Central South American agricultural smoke plumes
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows smoke plumes over South America. The plumes are either the destruction of crop residues in preparation of spring planting or the clearance of new land for planting. The smoke pall covers thousands of kilometers. The smoke cloud could be seen on weather satellite photographs during the mission and the astronauts were informed of its presence. The darker areas of the photograph are heavily vegetated wetlands.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of Omo River Delta, Lake Turkana in Ethiopia / Kenya
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, is of Omo River Delta and Lake Turkana in Ethiopia / Kenya. The Omo Delta at the north end of Lake Turkana (Rudolph) is one of the long-term environmental study sites of the Space Shuttle program. The environmental interest in this instance is the documentation of the delta's extension into the lake. This delta extension, or aggradation, is felt to be the result of large-scale soil erosion in the recently deforested areas of Ethiopia in the watershed of the Omo River. Using digitized, rectified, machine-classified, and mensurated NASA photography, it has been determined that the Omo Delta has increased in area by approximately 400% to about 1,800 square kilometers since it was first photographed during the Gemini program in 1965. This photograph documents the long-term and increasing turbidity of Lake Turkana and the continuing delta extension southward by both the northwest and northeast distributaries of the Om
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation of …
Title STS-65 Earth observation of deforestation in Rondonia, Brazil taken on OV-102
Description STS-65 Earth observation taken aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, shows deforestation in Rondonia, Brazil. he fishbone pattern in the middle ground is the western half of the great newly deforested zone in the vast green rainforest of Rondonia (deforested area in the view is approximately 200 kilometers in length). Apart from a relatively small area of commercial forestry and some mining in the area covered by the view, clearing of rainforest has taken place since 1988. Points of complete clearing are towns aligned along the axis of the deforested zone. The somewhat cleared areas in the distance (top middle to top right) are a low range of hills (up to 500 meters) known as the Serra dos Parecis. In this south-looking view, the line of clearing in the distance is an axis of development on the main road to the Bolivian border.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
STS-65 Earth observation wit …
Title STS-65 Earth observation with Moon in distance taken from Columbia, OV-102
Description This photograph demonstrates the stark contrast between a dynamic Earth with its protective atmosphere and heavily cratered Moon with no atmosphere. The Sea of Tranquility, where Neil A. Armstrong first stepped onto the Moon 25 years ago, can been seen as the dark area roughly located at the center of the visible Moon. STS-65 crewmembers captured this view while aboard Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102 during the second International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) mission.
Date Taken 1994-07-23
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