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Nitrogen Dioxide concentrati …
Title Nitrogen Dioxide concentration over China from September 24, 2004, to November 7, 2004
Abstract Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is a traffic-related pollutant. Emmisions are generally highest in urban rather than rural areas. Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in urban areas are generally in the range 10-45 ppb, and lower in rural areas. Levels vary significantly throughout the day, with peaks generally occurring twice daily as a consequence of rush hour traffic. Concentrations can be as high as 200 ppb. Particulate matter is very fine and can be carried deep into the lungs where they can cause inflammation and a worsening of the condition of people with heart and lung disease. Further, the problem is not necessarily concentrated in the inner cities. Because many major road / motorway interchange complexes are situated in semi-rural areas, under conditions of near-stationary traffic, a rapid build-up of engine exhaust pollution can occur, which if the low-level atmospheric conditions are correct, will not be dispersed.
Completed 2004-12-02
Nitrogen Dioxide concentrati …
Title Nitrogen Dioxide concentration over China from September 24, 2004, to November 7, 2004
Abstract Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is a traffic-related pollutant. Emmisions are generally highest in urban rather than rural areas. Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in urban areas are generally in the range 10-45 ppb, and lower in rural areas. Levels vary significantly throughout the day, with peaks generally occurring twice daily as a consequence of rush hour traffic. Concentrations can be as high as 200 ppb. Particulate matter is very fine and can be carried deep into the lungs where they can cause inflammation and a worsening of the condition of people with heart and lung disease. Further, the problem is not necessarily concentrated in the inner cities. Because many major road / motorway interchange complexes are situated in semi-rural areas, under conditions of near-stationary traffic, a rapid build-up of engine exhaust pollution can occur, which if the low-level atmospheric conditions are correct, will not be dispersed.
Completed 2004-12-02
Biomass Burning over South A …
Title Biomass Burning over South America
Abstract Biomass burning is the burning of living and dead vegetation. It includes the human-initiated burning of vegetation for land clearing and land-use change as well as natural, lightning-induced fires. Scientists estimate that humans are responsible for about 90% of biomass burning with only a small percentage of natural fires contributing to the total amount of vegetation burned. Burning vegetation releases large amounts of particulates (solid carbon combustion particles) and gases, including greenhouse gases that help warm the Earth. Studies suggest that biomass burning has increased on a global scale over the last 100 years, and computer calculations indicate that a hotter Earth resulting from global warming will lead to more frequent and larger fires. Biomass burning particulates impact climate and can also affect human health when they are inhaled, causing respiratory problems. Here are three images of South America on October 7, 2004. The first image shows clouds and fires on that day. The second image is clouds and nitrous dioxide (NO2) concentations in the stratosphere. The last image overlays the fires on the NO2 data.
Completed 2004-12-09
Biomass Burning over South A …
Title Biomass Burning over South America
Abstract Biomass burning is the burning of living and dead vegetation. It includes the human-initiated burning of vegetation for land clearing and land-use change as well as natural, lightning-induced fires. Scientists estimate that humans are responsible for about 90% of biomass burning with only a small percentage of natural fires contributing to the total amount of vegetation burned. Burning vegetation releases large amounts of particulates (solid carbon combustion particles) and gases, including greenhouse gases that help warm the Earth. Studies suggest that biomass burning has increased on a global scale over the last 100 years, and computer calculations indicate that a hotter Earth resulting from global warming will lead to more frequent and larger fires. Biomass burning particulates impact climate and can also affect human health when they are inhaled, causing respiratory problems. Here are three images of South America on October 7, 2004. The first image shows clouds and fires on that day. The second image is clouds and nitrous dioxide (NO2) concentations in the stratosphere. The last image overlays the fires on the NO2 data.
Completed 2004-12-09
Biomass Burning over South A …
Title Biomass Burning over South America
Abstract Biomass burning is the burning of living and dead vegetation. It includes the human-initiated burning of vegetation for land clearing and land-use change as well as natural, lightning-induced fires. Scientists estimate that humans are responsible for about 90% of biomass burning with only a small percentage of natural fires contributing to the total amount of vegetation burned. Burning vegetation releases large amounts of particulates (solid carbon combustion particles) and gases, including greenhouse gases that help warm the Earth. Studies suggest that biomass burning has increased on a global scale over the last 100 years, and computer calculations indicate that a hotter Earth resulting from global warming will lead to more frequent and larger fires. Biomass burning particulates impact climate and can also affect human health when they are inhaled, causing respiratory problems. Here are three images of South America on October 7, 2004. The first image shows clouds and fires on that day. The second image is clouds and nitrous dioxide (NO2) concentations in the stratosphere. The last image overlays the fires on the NO2 data.
Completed 2004-12-09
NO2 concentration over the U …
Title NO2 concentration over the United States from September 24, 2004, through November 7, 2004
Abstract Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is a traffic-related pollutant. Emmisions are generally highest in urban rather than rural areas. Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in urban areas are generally in the range 10-45 ppb, and lower in rural areas. Levels vary significantly throughout the day, with peaks generally occurring twice daily as a consequence of rush hour traffic. Concentrations can be as high as 200 ppb. Particulate matter is very fine and can be carried deep into the lungs where they can cause inflammation and a worsening of the condition of people with heart and lung disease. Further, the problem is not necessarily concentrated in the inner cities. Because many major road / motorway interchange complexes are situated in semi-rural areas, under conditions of near-stationary traffic, a rapid build-up of engine exhaust pollution can occur, which if the low-level atmospheric conditions are correct, will not be dispersed.
Completed 2004-12-02
Air Quality Emergency in Mal …
Title Air Quality Emergency in Malaysia
Description Out-of-control fires burning on the eastern shore of Sumatra (image center) created an air quality emergency for neighboring Malaysia in early August 2005 as smoke shrouded parts of the country. The smoke hung thickly over Malaysia's busy capital, Kuala Lumpur, where it forced businesses, schools, and transportation to close. This image, created using data collected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] satellite, shows the density of the smoke on August 10, 2005. Red-colored areas show where smoke was thickest. The densest smoke hangs over the Strait of Malacca, between Sumatra and mainland Malaysia to the northeast. Winds in this region often blow from the west, spreading smoke from burning peat swamp forest in coastal Sumatra toward the east. The thickness of the smoke tapers off to mostly green and blue values between mainland Malaysia and the island of Borneo, farther east. A less intense smoke plume is located on the west coast of Borneo, coming from a much smaller collection of fires. Perhaps it is the combination of these two sources of smoke—Sumatra and western Borneo—that gives rise to the yellow (higher values) area between the Borneo and the mainland. Smoke contains many substances, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and particulate matter. OMI measures smoke by tracking black carbon particles, or soot, that absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the wavelengths of sunlight that cause sunburns. By measuring how much UV radiation the soot absorbs, OMI provides estimates of the amount of black carbon aerosol in the smoke layer. This method of detecting aerosols based on their interaction with UV rather than visible (rainbow) light allows OMI to measure absorption by black carbon in smoke even if the smoke is mixed with or floating above clouds. Measurements of how much radiation aerosols absorb are important for scientists trying to calculate the net effect of aerosols on Earth's energy budget and climate. OMI was added to NASA's Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The sensor tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols in the atmosphere. NASA image and caption information courtesy the OMI Science Team.
Continued Eruption of Manam …
Title Continued Eruption of Manam Volcano
Description When the Manam volcano erupted explosively in the middle of the night on January 27, 2005, it sent a cloud of ash and sulfur dioxide over New Guinea. The large eruption killed at least one person, injured several others, and destroyed the volcano monitoring station on the small volcanic island. About 12 hours after the eruption (January 28), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/instruments/omi/introduction.html ]) flew over on NASA?s new Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html ] satellite. This image was produced from preliminary, uncalibrated data provided by OMI. OMI saw a large cloud of sulfur dioxide drifting west over the island of New Guinea. The gas is measured in Dobson Units (DU), the number of molecules in a square centimeter of the atmosphere. Red pixels cover the areas of highest concentration, while the lowest concentrations are represented by pink pixels. If you were to compress all of the sulfur dioxide a column of the atmosphere into a flat layer at standard temperature and pressure, one Dobson Unit would be 0.01 millimeters thick and would contain 0.0285 grams of SO2 per square meter. On January 28, the atmosphere over New Guinea contained up to 50 Dobson Units (red regions), or 1.425 grams of SO2 per square meter. Once in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide combines with water to create a highly reflective haze of sulfuric acid. The haze reflects sunlight away from the Earth, so if the eruption is big enough, it can lead to cooler temperatures for several years before the sulfuric acid falls out of the atmosphere as rain. In 1991, Mount Pinatubo sent millions of tons of SO2 into the atmosphere, and global temperatures, which had been expected to rise because of the greenhouse effect, leveled out. While large, Manam?s eruption does not compare to Mount Pinatubo in magnitude, and it is not clear if or how the eruption will impact regional climate. For more information about Manam?s eruption, please visit the Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Center. [ http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/manam05.shtml ] OMI was added to the Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands? Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The sensor tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols in the atmosphere. NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
Eruption of Anatahan
Title Eruption of Anatahan
Description A long plume of sulfur dioxide extends northeast and southwest of the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean. The volcano has been erupting almost continuously since January 5, 2005, when it started its third eruption in recorded history. This image, collected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA?s Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html ] satellite, shows sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere between January 31 and February 4, 2005. In the above image, the edge of the sulfur dioxide plume covers Guam (the southernmost island) and the other Mariana Islands immediately north and south of the volcano. Highest concentrations are shown in red, with the lowest concentrations in pale pink. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument measured sulfur dioxide concentrations in Dobson Units?the number of molecules per square centimeter of atmosphere. One Dobson Unit equals 0.0285 grams of sulfur dioxide per square meter.Sulfur dioxide is one of the gases that can be emitted in volcanic eruptions. Once in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide combines with water to create a sulfuric acid haze. Called ?vog,? this haze can cause illness and make breathing difficult. Volcanic haze grew so thick during the first week of February that the National Weather Service issued a volcanic haze advisory on Guam,where several illnesses were reported. Added to the Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands? Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument was tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols like sulfates in the atmosphere. NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
Eruption of Anatahan
Title Eruption of Anatahan
Description Explosive volcanic eruptions inject gases and ash into the Earth?s atmosphere, creating hazardous conditions for passing aircraft and the potential for climate effects. By the end of April 2005, two largest explosive eruptions had occurred at Manam (Papua New Guinea) on January 27-28, 2005, and at Anatahan (Mariana Islands) on April 5-6, 2005. These eruptions were of similar magnitude and both occurred on small islands causing major damage and evacuations on Manam island (which is inhabited) and concern over ashfall on islands south of Anatahan (which is uninhabited), respectively. The above image of Anatahan shows sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere on April 7, 2005, over 30 hours after the eruption. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the eruption were measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA?s EOS/Aura satellite. OMI detects the total column amount of SO2 between the sensor and the Earth?s surface and maps this quantity as it orbits the planet. A new perspective on the vertical distribution of the SO2 is revealed by combining the OMI data with coincident measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), also part of the Aura mission. The MLS data crisscross the OMI image and clearly show that some, but not all, of the SO2 measured by OMI east of the volcano was in the upper troposphere or above. At these altitudes, sulfur dioxide?and the sulfate aerosols that form from it?can stay in the atmosphere and affect the climate for a longer period of time. A weaker SO2 signal was also measured in the same region during the nighttime MLS overpass, which crosses the image from upper right to lower left. The daytime data, running from upper left to lower right, coincide with the OMI measurements. The MLS data west of Anatahan show no significant SO2 signal, indicating that the SO2 measured by OMI in this region was in the lower troposphere. MLS measures thermal emissions from the Earth?s limb, so unlike the OMI sensor it also collects data at night. It is designed to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric gases that are important for studying the Earth?s ozone layer, climate, and air quality, such as SO2. These images, derived from preliminary, unvalidated OMI and MLS data, show MLS SO2 columns (filled circles) measured every 165 km along the Aura orbit, plotted over the OMI SO2 map. The MLS SO2 columns shown here are derived from profile measurements made from the upper troposphere into the stratosphere (~215 ? 0 hPa or ~12 km altitude and above), and the circles do not represent the actual size of the MLS footprint, which is roughly 165 kilometers by 6 kilometers. The Manam image, from January 28, 2005, shows larger SO2 amounts measured by MLS and OMI, though these data were collected only approximately 14 hours after the eruption on January 27-28. For both eruptions, peak SO2 amounts were measured by MLS at or just above the likely tropopause altitude, at the lowermost boundary of the stratosphere. Sulfate particles (aerosols) that form from sulfur gases in the stratosphere have a cooling effect on the Earth?s surface. The principal source of sulfate particles is large explosive volcanic eruptions, and the remaining sulfates in the atmosphere are believed to come from carbonyl sulfide, a gas emitted from marshes, soils, forests, and some industrial processes. Recent studies suggest, however, that there must be some other source of sulfates in the stratosphere, carbonyl sulfide concentrations are too small to account for observed sulfates. Could smaller, but more frequent volcanic eruptions, such as those at Anatahan and Manam, be contributing to this "excess" background sulfate aerosol? OMI offers much improved spatial resolution and sensitivity to SO2 compared to its predecessor, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and Aura's MLS is a major technological advance over the older MLS flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) since 1991. The Aura mission will therefore allow scientists to investigate the source of sulfate aerosols in far greater detail. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. Images and caption courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC).
Eruption of Anatahan
Title Eruption of Anatahan
Description Explosive volcanic eruptions inject gases and ash into the Earth?s atmosphere, creating hazardous conditions for passing aircraft and the potential for climate effects. By the end of April 2005, two largest explosive eruptions had occurred at Manam (Papua New Guinea) on January 27-28, 2005, and at Anatahan (Mariana Islands) on April 5-6, 2005. These eruptions were of similar magnitude and both occurred on small islands causing major damage and evacuations on Manam island (which is inhabited) and concern over ashfall on islands south of Anatahan (which is uninhabited), respectively. The above image of Anatahan shows sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere on April 7, 2005, over 30 hours after the eruption. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the eruption were measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA?s EOS/Aura satellite. OMI detects the total column amount of SO2 between the sensor and the Earth?s surface and maps this quantity as it orbits the planet. A new perspective on the vertical distribution of the SO2 is revealed by combining the OMI data with coincident measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), also part of the Aura mission. The MLS data crisscross the OMI image and clearly show that some, but not all, of the SO2 measured by OMI east of the volcano was in the upper troposphere or above. At these altitudes, sulfur dioxide?and the sulfate aerosols that form from it?can stay in the atmosphere and affect the climate for a longer period of time. A weaker SO2 signal was also measured in the same region during the nighttime MLS overpass, which crosses the image from upper right to lower left. The daytime data, running from upper left to lower right, coincide with the OMI measurements. The MLS data west of Anatahan show no significant SO2 signal, indicating that the SO2 measured by OMI in this region was in the lower troposphere. MLS measures thermal emissions from the Earth?s limb, so unlike the OMI sensor it also collects data at night. It is designed to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric gases that are important for studying the Earth?s ozone layer, climate, and air quality, such as SO2. These images, derived from preliminary, unvalidated OMI and MLS data, show MLS SO2 columns (filled circles) measured every 165 km along the Aura orbit, plotted over the OMI SO2 map. The MLS SO2 columns shown here are derived from profile measurements made from the upper troposphere into the stratosphere (~215 ? 0 hPa or ~12 km altitude and above), and the circles do not represent the actual size of the MLS footprint, which is roughly 165 kilometers by 6 kilometers. The Manam image, from January 28, 2005, shows larger SO2 amounts measured by MLS and OMI, though these data were collected only approximately 14 hours after the eruption on January 27-28. For both eruptions, peak SO2 amounts were measured by MLS at or just above the likely tropopause altitude, at the lowermost boundary of the stratosphere. Sulfate particles (aerosols) that form from sulfur gases in the stratosphere have a cooling effect on the Earth?s surface. The principal source of sulfate particles is large explosive volcanic eruptions, and the remaining sulfates in the atmosphere are believed to come from carbonyl sulfide, a gas emitted from marshes, soils, forests, and some industrial processes. Recent studies suggest, however, that there must be some other source of sulfates in the stratosphere, carbonyl sulfide concentrations are too small to account for observed sulfates. Could smaller, but more frequent volcanic eruptions, such as those at Anatahan and Manam, be contributing to this "excess" background sulfate aerosol? OMI offers much improved spatial resolution and sensitivity to SO2 compared to its predecessor, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and Aura's MLS is a major technological advance over the older MLS flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) since 1991. The Aura mission will therefore allow scientists to investigate the source of sulfate aerosols in far greater detail. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. Images and caption courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC).
Eruption of Anatahan
Title Eruption of Anatahan
Description Explosive volcanic eruptions inject gases and ash into the Earth?s atmosphere, creating hazardous conditions for passing aircraft and the potential for climate effects. By the end of April 2005, two largest explosive eruptions had occurred at Manam (Papua New Guinea) on January 27-28, 2005, and at Anatahan (Mariana Islands) on April 5-6, 2005. These eruptions were of similar magnitude and both occurred on small islands causing major damage and evacuations on Manam island (which is inhabited) and concern over ashfall on islands south of Anatahan (which is uninhabited), respectively. The above image of Anatahan shows sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere on April 7, 2005, over 30 hours after the eruption. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the eruption were measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA?s EOS/Aura satellite. OMI detects the total column amount of SO2 between the sensor and the Earth?s surface and maps this quantity as it orbits the planet. A new perspective on the vertical distribution of the SO2 is revealed by combining the OMI data with coincident measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), also part of the Aura mission. The MLS data crisscross the OMI image and clearly show that some, but not all, of the SO2 measured by OMI east of the volcano was in the upper troposphere or above. At these altitudes, sulfur dioxide?and the sulfate aerosols that form from it?can stay in the atmosphere and affect the climate for a longer period of time. A weaker SO2 signal was also measured in the same region during the nighttime MLS overpass, which crosses the image from upper right to lower left. The daytime data, running from upper left to lower right, coincide with the OMI measurements. The MLS data west of Anatahan show no significant SO2 signal, indicating that the SO2 measured by OMI in this region was in the lower troposphere. MLS measures thermal emissions from the Earth?s limb, so unlike the OMI sensor it also collects data at night. It is designed to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric gases that are important for studying the Earth?s ozone layer, climate, and air quality, such as SO2. These images, derived from preliminary, unvalidated OMI and MLS data, show MLS SO2 columns (filled circles) measured every 165 km along the Aura orbit, plotted over the OMI SO2 map. The MLS SO2 columns shown here are derived from profile measurements made from the upper troposphere into the stratosphere (~215 ? 0 hPa or ~12 km altitude and above), and the circles do not represent the actual size of the MLS footprint, which is roughly 165 kilometers by 6 kilometers. The Manam image, from January 28, 2005, shows larger SO2 amounts measured by MLS and OMI, though these data were collected only approximately 14 hours after the eruption on January 27-28. For both eruptions, peak SO2 amounts were measured by MLS at or just above the likely tropopause altitude, at the lowermost boundary of the stratosphere. Sulfate particles (aerosols) that form from sulfur gases in the stratosphere have a cooling effect on the Earth?s surface. The principal source of sulfate particles is large explosive volcanic eruptions, and the remaining sulfates in the atmosphere are believed to come from carbonyl sulfide, a gas emitted from marshes, soils, forests, and some industrial processes. Recent studies suggest, however, that there must be some other source of sulfates in the stratosphere, carbonyl sulfide concentrations are too small to account for observed sulfates. Could smaller, but more frequent volcanic eruptions, such as those at Anatahan and Manam, be contributing to this "excess" background sulfate aerosol? OMI offers much improved spatial resolution and sensitivity to SO2 compared to its predecessor, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), and Aura's MLS is a major technological advance over the older MLS flown on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) since 1991. The Aura mission will therefore allow scientists to investigate the source of sulfate aerosols in far greater detail. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. Images and caption courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC).
Eruption of Anatahan
Title Eruption of Anatahan
Description As reported by the Saipan Tribune Website, the Anatan Volcano spewed volcanic ash to an altitude of nearly 13,000 meters (42,000 feet) in early August, prompting officials to issue a volcanic ash advisory for Saipan and Tinian in the Northern Mariana Islands. The volcano has emitted something besides ash: sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide is colorless, so its presence must be monitored with sensors specially designed to find it. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html ] satellite collects data on atmospheric chemistry. OMI monitors sulfur dioxide emissions from Anatahan, and collected data shown in these images between July 25 and 31 (top), and August 2 and 8 (bottom). Highest concentrations appear in red, and lowest concentrations appear in pale pink. In each image, the arrow indicates the volcano's summit. OMI measures sulfur dioxide in terms of molecules per square centimeter of atmosphere, known as Dobson Units. A single Dobson Unit equals 0.0285 grams of sulfur dioxide per square meter of vertical column of atmosphere. The images show different dispersion patters for sulfur dioxide in late July and early August. Between July 25 and 31, predominantly easterly winds carried the noxious emissions away from the populated islands. Between August 2 and 8, however, changing winds allowed sulfur dioxide to accumulate over the Southern Mariana Islands and Guam. Although invisible to human eyes, sulfur dioxide can still make its presence known—by irritating them. Sulfur dioxide can inflame mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and throat, and even skin. The upper respiratory tract is the most susceptible to sulfur dioxide irritation. Sulfur dioxide also leads to acid rain and volcanic smog (vog) that interferes with air transport. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
Eruption of Santa Ana (Ilama …
Title Eruption of Santa Ana (Ilamatepec) Volcano
Description On October 1, 2005, El Salvador's Santa Ana, or Ilamatepec, Volcano erupted for the first time since 1904. Besides ash, lava, rocks as big as cars, and a boiling flood of muddy water, Santa Ana's eruption produced something else: sulfur dioxide. This invisible gas can inflame mucous membranes of the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract. It also leads to acid rain and volcanic smog (vog) that interferes with air transport. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html ] satellite collects data on atmospheric chemistry, including sulfur dioxide emissions from volcanoes. This image combines OMI's observations of the Santa Ana Volcano taken on October 1 and 2, 2005. In this image of Central America, black triangles indicate volcanoes. Sulfur dioxide concentrations are color coded, with highest concentrations in red, and lowest concentrations in pale pink. Near the Santa Ana Volcano hovers a thick cloud of sulfur dioxide, this is the emission cloud as it appeared on October 1. To the left is a dispersed cloud, this is how the same cloud appeared on October 2 as the gas drifted westward over the Pacific, having lost half of its sulfur dioxide mass. The total cloud mass on October 1 was estimated at 10,000 tons, a relatively small eruption. Recent examples of much larger eruptions include Manam [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16820 ] on January 27-28, 2005, and Anatahan [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=12854 ] on April 5-6, 2005. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
Fires Across Alaska
Title Fires Across Alaska
Description In the third week of August 2005, an area of high atmospheric pressure built up over Alaska. Large areas of high pressure often lead to calm weather, with light (or absent) surface winds. Unfortunately for Alaska residents, the high pressure system that parked over the state coincided with a period of significant fire activity, with more than a hundred forest fires churning out thick smoke. For several days the smoke piled up over the Interior leading to hazardous-air-quality warnings for many areas. This pair of images from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite shows smoke measurements over Alaska and western Canada on August 15 (top) and August 21 (bottom). (The background for the image is NASA's Blue Marble. [ http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=2429 ]) Increasing amounts of smoke are shown as an aerosol index with shades of blue (little or no smoke) to dull red (thick smoke). On August 15, a large mass of smoke had drifted westward over the Interior and spread out over the Bering Sea toward Russia. Less than a week later, the weather patterns shifted and the smoke blew to the east and north, over Yukon Territory in western Canada and over Victoria Island toward the Arctic Ocean. Smoke contains many substances, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and particulate matter. OMI measures smoke by tracking black carbon particles, or soot, that absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the wavelengths of sunlight that cause sunburns. By measuring how much UV radiation the soot absorbs, OMI provides estimates of the amount of black carbon aerosol in the smoke layer. This method of detecting aerosols based on their interaction with UV rather than visible (rainbow) light allows OMI to measure absorption by black carbon in smoke even if the smoke is mixed with or floating above clouds. Measurements of how much radiation aerosols absorb are important for scientists trying to calculate the net effect of aerosols on Earth's energy budget and climate. OMI was added to NASA's Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The sensor tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols and pollution in the atmosphere. NASA image and caption information courtesy the OMI Science Team.
Fires Across Alaska
Title Fires Across Alaska
Description In the third week of August 2005, an area of high atmospheric pressure built up over Alaska. Large areas of high pressure often lead to calm weather, with light (or absent) surface winds. Unfortunately for Alaska residents, the high pressure system that parked over the state coincided with a period of significant fire activity, with more than a hundred forest fires churning out thick smoke. For several days the smoke piled up over the Interior leading to hazardous-air-quality warnings for many areas. This pair of images from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite shows smoke measurements over Alaska and western Canada on August 15 (top) and August 21 (bottom). (The background for the image is NASA's Blue Marble. [ http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=2429 ]) Increasing amounts of smoke are shown as an aerosol index with shades of blue (little or no smoke) to dull red (thick smoke). On August 15, a large mass of smoke had drifted westward over the Interior and spread out over the Bering Sea toward Russia. Less than a week later, the weather patterns shifted and the smoke blew to the east and north, over Yukon Territory in western Canada and over Victoria Island toward the Arctic Ocean. Smoke contains many substances, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and particulate matter. OMI measures smoke by tracking black carbon particles, or soot, that absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the wavelengths of sunlight that cause sunburns. By measuring how much UV radiation the soot absorbs, OMI provides estimates of the amount of black carbon aerosol in the smoke layer. This method of detecting aerosols based on their interaction with UV rather than visible (rainbow) light allows OMI to measure absorption by black carbon in smoke even if the smoke is mixed with or floating above clouds. Measurements of how much radiation aerosols absorb are important for scientists trying to calculate the net effect of aerosols on Earth's energy budget and climate. OMI was added to NASA's Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The sensor tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols and pollution in the atmosphere. NASA image and caption information courtesy the OMI Science Team.
New Measurements of Arctic O …
Title New Measurements of Arctic Ozone
Description The winter of 2004-2005 saw the second highest chemical ozone destruction ever observed over the Arctic. Polar ozone is destoyed when chlorine, cold temperatures, and sunlight mix in the atmosphere 8-50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. Since ozone shields the Earth from ultraviolet light, the high-energy light that causes sunburns and is associated with skin cancers, low ozone levels could threaten human health. Ultraviolet levels remained near normal through the winter, however, because unusual weather conditions brought ozone from the Earth's ozone-rich mid-latitudes to the pole to fill in the gaps left by the extreme ozone depletion. These images show the fluctuations in ozone during the Arctic winter of 2005. The top two images show the average total column ozone over the Arctic during the months of January and March, 2005, and the lower image shows total column ozone on a single day, March 11, 2005. The images are based on data collected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument [ http://www.knmi.nl/omi/publ-en/news/index.html ] (OMI) aboard NASA's Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] satellite. During this time period, the Microwave Limb Sounder, another instrument on the Aura satellite, measured 50 percent ozone loss, the second-highest level ever observed behind the 60 percent loss measured in 1999-2000. Despite this, the lowest total column ozone values in polar regions are slightly higher in March than in January, on average, as evidenced by the broad splashes of red that represent high ozone levels. Stratospheric winds carried the ozone north into the Arctic, compensating for the significant chemical loss, so that no blue or purple holes representing low ozone levels appear in the March image. Black circles over the North pole show where OMI did not collect data. On a single day, March 11, 2005, ozone was distributed far more unevenly, with dark red, almost black areas of high ozone over the Aleutian Islands, Asia, and Europe, and a pale blue thin spot over Iceland and Greenland. This reveals that even though ozone values appeared to be near normal on average throughout March, some regions experienced much lower ozone levels—and therefore, a greater exposure to UV light—on an individual day. For more information and images, see "NASA Spacecraft Measures Unusual 2005 Arctic Ozone Conditions" [ http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/aura-060205.html ] on the NASA portal. Image courtesy NASA/JPL/Agency for Aerospace Programs (Netherlands)/Finnish Meteorological Institute
Sierra Negra Erupts
Title Sierra Negra Erupts
Description On October 22, 2005, one of the six volcanic summits on Isla Isabela in the Galapagos Islands archipelago began erupting. The Sierra Negra Volcano continued to emit ash clouds and lava through the end of the month, before apparently quieting down around October 31. The volcanic emissions contain sulfur dioxide gas, which mixes with water vapor in the air and turns into very reflective sulfate aerosol particles. During large eruptions, volcanoes emit enough sulfur dioxide that the resulting haze of sulfate aerosols can cool the climate by reflecting incoming solar radiation back into space. The Sierra Negra eruption spread a volcanic haze [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13246 ] across the Pacific Ocean for several hundred kilometers. This image shows the average concentration of sulfur dioxide over the Sierra Negra Volcano from October 23-November 1 measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite. In agreement with reports from on-the-ground monitors that the eruption subsided around October 30 or 31, OMI stopped seeing sulfur dioxide coming from the volcano on October 31. In this image, red pixels cover the areas of highest concentration, while the lowest concentrations are represented by pink pixels. The plume of emissions is concentrated to the west of the Galapagos Islands. The sulfur dioxide is measured in Dobson Units (DU), the number of molecules in a square centimeter of the atmosphere. If you were to compress all of the sulfur dioxide a column of the atmosphere into a flat layer at standard temperature and pressure (0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere), one Dobson Unit would be 0.01 millimeters thick and would contain 0.0285 grams of sulfur dioxide per square meter. The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. NIVR (the Dutch space agency) is the overall program manager, in coordination with FMI (the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) is the Principal Investigator institute. The Earth Observatory has additional images of the Sierra Negra eruption [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13251 ] in the Natural Hazards: Volcanoes [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?topic=volcano ] section of the Website.
Smog in Northern Italy
Title Smog in Northern Italy
Description In northern Italy, smog collected at the base of the Alps in late December 2005. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] flying onboard the Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image on December 23. In this image, the smog appears as a transparent layer of gray, just south of the snow-covered Alps. Clouds overhead partially block the view of the snow-capped mountains and parts of Italy to the south. As reported by Scotsman.com and the BBC, in the fall of 2005, a team of researchers at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute assessed the worst areas of air pollution in Europe. The researchers used data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/instruments/omi/index.html ] on NASA's Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] satellite. In that study, northern Italy proved to be one of Europe's more polluted areas. Other pollution "hot spots" included southeastern England, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Germany's Ruhr Valley, and Moscow. NASA image courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC. The MODIS Rapid Response Team provides daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?AERONET_Ispra/2005357 ] of this region.
Sulfur Dioxide Cloud from Ra …
Title Sulfur Dioxide Cloud from Rabaul Volcano
Description On October 7, 2006, Rabaul Volcano on the northeastern tip of New Britain produced a large-scale eruption. According to ReliefWeb, the eruption shook windows and rained heavy ash and small stones on the city of Rabaul as authorities declared a state of emergency. Besides volcanic ash and steam, the eruption produced sulfur dioxide. Densely concentrated over the island of New Britain the day of the eruption, the sulfur dioxide dispersed over the next two days. These images show the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air column from October 7-9, 2006, as measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite. On October 7, high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (red) linger just over the island. By October 8, the original plume had split into two clouds, one spreading northwest and one spreading southeast. On the third day, the amount of gas had decreased, but a core of very high values remained in the northern part of the plume. The sulfur dioxide concentrations are shown using a logarithmic color scale. On a logarithmic scale, the values increase exponentially, rather than linearly. The units measured are Dobson Units. [ http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/dobson.html ] If all sulfur dioxide in the air column the satellite observed were flattened into a thin layer at the surface of the Earth, one Dobson Unit would make a layer of pure sulfur dioxide 0.01 millimeters thick, assuming the temperature was 0 degrees Celsius. High concentrations of sulfur dioxide can lead to respiratory illnesses, especially in children and the elderly. It can also worsen heart and lung diseases. Sulfur dioxide also increases acid rain, damaging buildings, soils, and crops. Fortunately for the residents of New Britain, the sulfur dioxide cloud moved away from the island within a couple days. Large volcanic eruptions, such as the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, can spew enough sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere to cool the climate for several years. Chemical reactions convert the gas into sulfate particles, which reflect sunlight. OMI was added to the Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), the Netherlands' Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. KNMI is the Principal Investigator institute. The sensor tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols in the atmosphere. NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
Sulfur Dioxide from Rabaul V …
Title Sulfur Dioxide from Rabaul Volcano
Description On October 7, 2006, Rabaul Volcano on the northeastern tip of New Britain produced a large-scale eruption. [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13923 ] According to ReliefWeb, the eruption shook windows and rained heavy ash and small stones on the city of Rabaul as authorities declared a state of emergency. Besides volcanic ash and steam, the eruption produced sulfur dioxide. Densely concentrated over the island of New Britain the day of the eruption, the sulfur dioxide dispersed over the next two days. These images show the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air column from October 7-9, 2006, as measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite. On October 7, high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (red) linger just over the island. By October 8, the original plume had split into two clouds, one spreading northwest and one spreading southeast. On the third day, the amount of gas had decreased, but a core of very high values remained in the northern part of the plume. The sulfur dioxide concentrations are shown using a logarithmic color scale. On a logarithmic scale, the values increase exponentially, rather than linearly. The units measured are Dobson Units. [ http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/dobson.html ] If all sulfur dioxide in the air column the satellite observed were flattened into a thin layer at the surface of the Earth, one Dobson Unit would make a layer of pure sulfur dioxide 0.01 millimeters thick, assuming the temperature was 0 degrees Celsius. High concentrations of sulfur dioxide can lead to respiratory illnesses, especially in children and the elderly. It can also worsen heart and lung diseases. Sulfur dioxide also increases acid rain, damaging buildings, soils, and crops. Fortunately for the residents of New Britain, the sulfur dioxide cloud moved away from the island within a couple days. Large volcanic eruptions, such as the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, can spew enough sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere to cool the climate for several years. Chemical reactions convert the gas into sulfate particles, which reflect sunlight. OMI was added to the Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), the Netherlands' Agency for Aerospace Programs and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. KNMI is the Principal Investigator institute. The sensor tracks global ozone change and monitors aerosols in the atmosphere. NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
Sulfur Dioxide Leaks from th …
Title Sulfur Dioxide Leaks from the Ambrym Volcano
Description ) Scientists building computer models of the complicated interactions that make up Earth?s climate need to understand how much sulfur dioxide enters the atmosphere and where it travels. Since most volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions come from passive degassing, OMI will allow scientists to assess the volcanic contribution to atmospheric sulfur dioxide concentrations with unprecedented accuracy. The data should help refine climate models. NASA image and caption information courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). The OMI was added to the Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands? Agency for Aerospace Programs, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, and NASA., Sandwiched between Fiji and Australia in the South Pacific, the island nation of Vanuatu hosted the strongest point source of sulfur dioxide on the planet for the first months of 2005. Ambrym Volcano, on the island of the same name, has been steadily emitting sulfur dioxide for at least six months, and this image, produced using data collected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA?s Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] satellite during the first ten days of March 2005, shows high concentrations of sulfur dioxide drifting northwest from the volcano. Ambrym Volcano is not erupting in the traditional sense with thick ash plumes and explosive bursts of lava, rather it is leaking sulfur dioxide gas from active lava lakes in what scientists call ?passive? or ?non-eruptive? emissions. Despite these gentle names, the leaking volcano still poses a tremendous hazard to the local population. The gas has a strong smell and can irritate the eyes and nose and make breathing difficult. Higher in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide combines with water to create rain laced with sulfuric acid. On Ambrym, acid rain has destroyed staple crops and contaminated the water supply, leaving the communities in need of food aid. Satellites have only been able to monitor sulfur dioxide emissions from large eruptions or the most powerful passive degassing in the past. All other sulfur dioxide emissions remain at low altitudes and have low concentrations, making them hard to see from space. On July 15, 2004, NASA launched its Aura satellite carrying the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). With greater spatial resolution (the ability to ?zoom-in? to see greater detail) and higher sensitivity to sulfur dioxide than any previous space-borne sensor, OMI is allowing scientists to study passive volcanic degassing on a daily basis for the first time. The above image is an example of the instrument?s preliminary, uncalibrated, and unvalidated data. This new view of passive volcanic emissions could lead to significant advances in understanding both volcanic eruptions and the impact of sulfur dioxide on climate. Passive emissions can be a precursor to explosive eruptions, and thus provide a warning signal that the volcano?s activity may be changing. Once in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide creates a bright haze that reflects sunlight back into space. Since less sunlight reaches the Earth, the sulfur dioxide haze has a cooling effect on the climate. (See ?Every Cloud Has a Filthy Lining? [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/ShipTracks/ship_tracks.html ]
Sulfur Dioxide Leaks from th …
Title Sulfur Dioxide Leaks from the Ambrym Volcano
Description ) Scientists building computer models of the complicated interactions that make up Earth?s climate need to understand how much sulfur dioxide enters the atmosphere and where it travels. Since most volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions come from passive degassing, OMI will allow scientists to assess the volcanic contribution to atmospheric sulfur dioxide concentrations with unprecedented accuracy. The data should help refine climate models. NASA image and caption information courtesy Simon Carn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [ http://www.jcet.umbc.edu/ ] (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). The OMI was added to the Aura satellite as part of a collaboration between the Netherlands? Agency for Aerospace Programs, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, and NASA., Sandwiched between Fiji and Australia in the South Pacific, the island nation of Vanuatu hosted the strongest point source of sulfur dioxide on the planet for the first months of 2005. Ambrym Volcano, on the island of the same name, has been steadily emitting sulfur dioxide for at least six months, and this image, produced using data collected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA?s Aura [ http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] satellite during the first ten days of March 2005, shows high concentrations of sulfur dioxide drifting northwest from the volcano. Ambrym Volcano is not erupting in the traditional sense with thick ash plumes and explosive bursts of lava, rather it is leaking sulfur dioxide gas from active lava lakes in what scientists call ?passive? or ?non-eruptive? emissions. Despite these gentle names, the leaking volcano still poses a tremendous hazard to the local population. The gas has a strong smell and can irritate the eyes and nose and make breathing difficult. Higher in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide combines with water to create rain laced with sulfuric acid. On Ambrym, acid rain has destroyed staple crops and contaminated the water supply, leaving the communities in need of food aid. Satellites have only been able to monitor sulfur dioxide emissions from large eruptions or the most powerful passive degassing in the past. All other sulfur dioxide emissions remain at low altitudes and have low concentrations, making them hard to see from space. On July 15, 2004, NASA launched its Aura satellite carrying the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). With greater spatial resolution (the ability to ?zoom-in? to see greater detail) and higher sensitivity to sulfur dioxide than any previous space-borne sensor, OMI is allowing scientists to study passive volcanic degassing on a daily basis for the first time. The above image is an example of the instrument?s preliminary, uncalibrated, and unvalidated data. This new view of passive volcanic emissions could lead to significant advances in understanding both volcanic eruptions and the impact of sulfur dioxide on climate. Passive emissions can be a precursor to explosive eruptions, and thus provide a warning signal that the volcano?s activity may be changing. Once in the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide creates a bright haze that reflects sunlight back into space. Since less sunlight reaches the Earth, the sulfur dioxide haze has a cooling effect on the climate. (See ?Every Cloud Has a Filthy Lining? [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/ShipTracks/ship_tracks.html ]
Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Ma …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
When the Manam volcano erupt …
manam_omi_2005028
mediatype MISC
mediatype texts
date 2005-01-28
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, www.jcet.umbc.edu/ Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
identifier manam_omi_2005028
Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Ma …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
When the Manam volcano erupt …
manam_omi_2005028
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype texts
date 2005-01-28
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, www.jcet.umbc.edu/ Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
identifier manam_omi_2005028
New Activity on Kilauea: Nat …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
Kilauea_OMI_2008087
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-03-27
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Kilauea_OMI_2008087
Eruption of Anatahan: Natura …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
A long plume of sulfur dioxi …
anat_omi_20050131
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype texts
date 2005-01-31
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier anat_omi_20050131
Eruption of Anatahan: Natura …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
A long plume of sulfur dioxi …
anat_omi_20050131
mediatype MISC
mediatype texts
date 2005-01-31
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier anat_omi_20050131
Chaiten Volcano Erupts: Natu …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
* Oman, L., Robock, A., Sten …
Chaiten_OMI_2008124
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-05-03
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Chaiten_OMI_2008124
Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Ki …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Kilauea is one of the world' …
Kilauea_OMI_2008061_067_lrg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-03-20
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Kilauea_OMI_2008061_067_lrg
Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Ki …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Kilauea is one of the world' …
Kilauea_OMI_2008061_067_lrg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-03-20
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Kilauea_OMI_2008061_067_lrg
Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Ki …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Kilauea is one of the world' …
Kilauea_OMI_2008061_067_lrg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-03-20
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Kilauea_OMI_2008061_067_lrg
Eruption of Anatahan: Natura …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
As reported by the Saipan Tr …
anatahan_omi_2005220
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-08-08
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier anatahan_omi_2005220
Eruption of Santa Ana (Ilama …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
On October 1, 2005, El Salva …
elsalvador_omi_2005274
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-10-02
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier elsalvador_omi_2005274
Sierra Negra Sulfur Dioxide …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
On October 22, 2005, one of …
galapagos_omi_2005305
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-10-22
creator NASA -- The Earth Observatory has additional images of the earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=13251 Sierra Negra eruption in the earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?topic=volcano Natural Hazards: Volcanoes section of the Website.
identifier galapagos_omi_2005305
Air Quality Emergency in Mal …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Out-of-control fires burning …
malaysia.OMI050810
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-08-10
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier malaysia.OMI050810
Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Ll …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
On January 1, 2008, Chile's …
llaima_omi_2008003
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-01-01
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier llaima_omi_2008003
Black Carbon in Smoke over A …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
alas.OMI20050815
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-08-15
creator NASA -- NASA image and caption information courtesy the OMI Science Team.
identifier alas.OMI20050815
Driving Ban Lowers Beijing P …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Like most of the world's cit …
china_omi_2006313
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2006-11-06
creator NASA -- NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of Yuxuan Wang, Harvard University and the Aura OMI Science Team.
identifier china_omi_2006313
Sulfur Dioxide Cloud from Ra …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
On October 7, 2006, Rabaul V …
rabaul_omi_2006280
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2006-10-07
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy Simon Carn, www.jcet.umbc.edu/ Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC)
identifier rabaul_omi_2006280
Eruption of Anatahan: Natura …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Explosive volcanic eruptions …
anatahan_omi-mls_2005097
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-05-07
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier anatahan_omi-mls_2005097
Eruption of Anatahan: Natura …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Explosive volcanic eruptions …
anatahan_omi-mls_2005097
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-05-07
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier anatahan_omi-mls_2005097
Sulfur Dioxide and Vog from …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
* /images/imagerecords/19000 …
hawaii_omi_2008117
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-04-26
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier hawaii_omi_2008117
Smog in Northern Italy: Natu …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
In northern Italy, smog coll …
italysmog_amo_2005357
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-12-23
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier italysmog_amo_2005357
NASA Launches Aura Satellite …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
Aura_launch
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-07-15
creator NASA -- NASA images and animations of Aura satellite by Jesse Allen and Reto Stöckli, Earth Observatory. Photo of Delta II rocket courtesy Boeing/Thom Baur.
identifier Aura_launch
Aerosols from Chaiten Volcan …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
When the Philippine's Mount …
ChaitenSO2_OMI_2008124_lrg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-05-03
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ChaitenSO2_OMI_2008124_lrg
Aerosols from Chaiten Volcan …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
When the Philippine's Mount …
ChaitenSO2_OMI_2008124_lrg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-05-03
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ChaitenSO2_OMI_2008124_lrg
Aerosols from Chaiten Volcan …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
When the Philippine's Mount …
ChaitenSO2_OMI_2008124_lrg
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2008-05-03
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ChaitenSO2_OMI_2008124_lrg
Selected Measurements of Tot …
PIA07254
Sol (our sun)
Ozone Monitoring Instrument
Title Selected Measurements of Total Arctic Column Ozone Amounts from Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument, 2004-2005 Arctic Winter
Original Caption Released with Image Images from Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument showing the average total column ozone during the months of January and March, and the total column ozone on the single day of 11 March. Although there was near record chemical ozone loss between January and March, comparing the January and March images shows that on average the lowest total column ozone values in polar regions are slightly higher in March than in January. This is because of the other process that brought higher ozone into the vortex region, thus compensating for the very significant chemical loss. The 11 March image shows that, despite the unremarkable overall March values, on an individual day, chemical loss and dynamical processes combined to result in localized regions of much lower ozone (which resulted in higher UV exposure at the Earth's surface for individual days and places).
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