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Haze along the Himalaya Fron …
Title Haze along the Himalaya Front Range
Description This Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from the sensor on the Aqua satellite shows different types of aerosols (particles suspended in the atmosphere) over India and Pakistan on December 1, 2004. In the center of the image, the Indus River runs in a sinuous, thick green braid from the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains (top right, hidden by clouds) to the Arabian Sea (bottom left). Backed up against the mountains, a grayish pall is likely human-made particle pollution, from vehicles, energy production, and household heating and cooking fires. At the mouth of the Indus, a tan-colored cloud of aerosols is probably blowing dust from the region?s arid landscapes. To the west of the Indus, a rugged line of mountains separates Pakistan from Afghanistan. The large roan-colored desert is the Margo Desert of southern Afghanistan. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the MODIS Rapid Response team.
Haze over Southwestern India
Title Haze over Southwestern India
Description A plume of haze descended over Mumbai, India, on December 2, 2006. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] flying onboard NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took this picture the same day. In this image, the haze appears as a translucent band, slightly darker than the wispy clouds to the northwest. Underneath the haze, a greenish plume of sediment appears in the ocean off the coast of India. Although the origin of the plume was not clear from adjacent satellite imagery, it could have originated in India itself. Aerosols—minute particles suspended in the atmosphere—can sometimes move in a gyre around India, following the path of the Ganges toward the Bay of Bengal, circling around the southern tip of the subcontinent, then re-approaching the country from the Arabian Sea. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data provided courtesy of the Level 1 and Atmospheric Archive Distribution System. [ http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/ ]
Heavy Rains Flood Pakistan
Title Heavy Rains Flood Pakistan
Description Heavy rain and snow hammered Pakistan in the first two weeks of February 2005, leaving more than 300 people dead as a result of floods and avalanches throughout the country. More than 200 of the deaths occurred in southwestern Pakistan, where a week of rain taxed river and irrigation systems. This image, acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA?s Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite on February 11, 2005, shows streaks of blue-green floodwater all along the coast. The most deadly floods swept through the region around the coastal city of Pasni when an irrigation dam burst on February 10, washing away several villages and flooding the city with water. Pale blue lines trace out the contours of the flood water on the following day. The city itself is covered with a small cloud, but further evidence of flooding can be seen in the Arabian Sea to the south. Bright blue clouds of sediment fill the waters where floods washed dirt and debris into the sea. To the west, the Dasht River is dramatically flooded, having expanded from a thin green line that was barely visible on February 6 to a sprawling blue wetland. On the right side of the image, the entire coastline around Ormara has been inundated with water. If this scene were depicted in true color, as a human eye would see it, the mud-laden flood water would blend with the tan desert landscape. To make the flood water more visible, the image is in false color, with sediment-filled water represented in blue, while deeper ocean water is black. The bare or sparsely vegetated land has a pink tint, and the clouds are light blue. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the MODIS Rapid Response team.
Heavy Rains Flood Pakistan
Title Heavy Rains Flood Pakistan
Description Heavy rain and snow hammered Pakistan in the first two weeks of February 2005, leaving more than 300 people dead as a result of floods and avalanches throughout the country. More than 200 of the deaths occurred in southwestern Pakistan, where a week of rain taxed river and irrigation systems. This image, acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA?s Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite on February 11, 2005, shows streaks of blue-green floodwater all along the coast. The most deadly floods swept through the region around the coastal city of Pasni when an irrigation dam burst on February 10, washing away several villages and flooding the city with water. Pale blue lines trace out the contours of the flood water on the following day. The city itself is covered with a small cloud, but further evidence of flooding can be seen in the Arabian Sea to the south. Bright blue clouds of sediment fill the waters where floods washed dirt and debris into the sea. To the west, the Dasht River is dramatically flooded, having expanded from a thin green line that was barely visible on February 6 to a sprawling blue wetland. On the right side of the image, the entire coastline around Ormara has been inundated with water. If this scene were depicted in true color, as a human eye would see it, the mud-laden flood water would blend with the tan desert landscape. To make the flood water more visible, the image is in false color, with sediment-filled water represented in blue, while deeper ocean water is black. The bare or sparsely vegetated land has a pink tint, and the clouds are light blue. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the MODIS Rapid Response team.
Dust from Pakistan and Iran
Title Dust from Pakistan and Iran
Description Winds blowing down from the Makran Coast Range in Western Pakistan (right) and Eastern Iran (left) are carrying dust over the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. Such wind patterns commonly blow dust from the coastal valleys into the water. This storm was recorded by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS) on the Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite on March 23, 2004. The horizontal stripes evident over the water mark the beginning and the end of the rotation of MODIS' double-sided scan mirror. The lines are caused by minute differences in the two sides of the scan mirror. The high-resolution image provided above is at MODIS' maximum resolution. The image is available in additional resolutions [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004083-0323/Pakistan.A2004083.0855 ]. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC
Dust in the Indus Valley
Title Dust in the Indus Valley
Description From the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains (upper right) to the east of the broad swath of olive-green vegetation along the Indus River Plain, blowing dust and sand make their own river that flows past the Thar Desert and out over the Arabian Sea (lower left). The winds must be wide-spread and fierce over the region, as pale dust plumes are streaming away from orange-colored deserts in Afghanistan (upper left), as well. This image was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua satellite on May 23, 2004. Image by Jesse Allen, based on data from the MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA-GSFC
Dust off Iran and Pakistan
Title Dust off Iran and Pakistan
Description Dust plumes blew off the coasts of Iran and Pakistan and over the Arabian Sea on January 4, 2007. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image the same day. Here, the dust plumes appear as pale beige wisps. One apparent source for the dust can be seen in Pakistan, perhaps 150 kilometers inland from the coast. South of the dust plumes, white clouds dot the sky. Aside from bands of greenish blue—resulting from shallow water and/or sediment—along the coast, the ocean appears dark blue. NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] Goddard Space Flight Center
Dust off Iran and Pakistan
Title Dust off Iran and Pakistan
Description Dust plumes blew off the coasts of Iran and Pakistan on October 29, 2007. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took this picture the same day. In this image, the pale beige plumes fan out over the deep blue Arabian Sea. The plumes appear thickest along the Iran-Pakistan border, and grow thinner to the east. The air over the land surface appears largely clear, implying that these dust plumes have arisen very near the coastline. Isolated clouds hover over the water in the south. NASA image courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC. The Rapid Response Team provides daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?ArabianSea ] of this region.
Dust off Pakistan
Title Dust off Pakistan
Description Plumes of dust blew off the coasts of Pakistan and Iran on November 22, 2006. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] flying on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image of the dust plumes blowing over the Arabian Sea the same day. In this image, the dust appears as elongated clouds of pale beige heading towards the southwest. The thickest plume blows off Pakistan, some 500 kilometers east of the border with Iran. Other plumes appear more transparent. As the plumes advance far enough off the coast, they appear to change direction, perhaps due to a weather system associated with the clouds in the south. NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] Goddard Space Flight Center
Dust over Arabian Sea
Title Dust over Arabian Sea
Description This true-color scene shows a heavy dust storm blowing along Pakistan?s southern coast and out over the Arabian Sea on December 14, 2003. The scene was acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), flying aboard NASA?s Terra satellite. The MODIS sensor aboard NASA?s Aqua satellite also acquired this image [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2003348-1214/Pakistan2.A2003348.0920 ] over the same scene later that same day. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC
Dust over the Arabian Sea
Title Dust over the Arabian Sea
Description A number of jets of windblown desert dust (light brown plumes) were blowing over the Gulf of Oman (middle left) and the Arabian Sea (bottom center) on May 2, 2003. Originating from the Arabian Peninsula (left) as well as Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (top center and top right, respectively), the dust obscures the surface over much of the region. This image was made using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors flying aboard NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites at hours apart on the same day. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
Dust over the Arabian Sea
Title Dust over the Arabian Sea
Description Dust blowing out of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan mingled over the Arabian Sea on April 9, 2006. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took this picture the same day. In this image, a beige plume of dust, shown near the left edge of the picture, pushes southward from Afghanistan, crossing over Pakistan toward the ocean. To the east, another dust plume over the border between India and Pakistan also heads toward the water. Two tendrils of dust merge over the water, just south of the coast. NASA imagery created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the Goddard Earth Sciences DAAC [ http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ].
Dust over the Arabian Sea
Title Dust over the Arabian Sea
Description A dusty haze hung over the Arabian Peninsula, the Horn of Africa, and the Arabian Sea on June 30, 2007. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] flying on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took this picture the same day. The dust does not form a discernible plume. Rather, it lends a buff-colored tint to the scene, particularly around the Horn of Africa. Due east from there, dust mingles with clouds. The Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa rank among the world's most prolific dust-producing regions. Dust activity typically increases when summertime Sun heats the desert surface and creates instability in the lowest layer of the atmosphere. This instability makes the lofting of dust particles into the air more likely. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of the MODIS Rapid Response [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] team.
Dust over the Arabian Sea
Title Dust over the Arabian Sea
Description In early December 2002, strong winds were blowing dust and sand from the Makran Mountains in southern Pakistan and Iran out over the Arabian Sea. The above true-color image of the dust plumes was acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, flying aboard NASA?s Aqua spacecraft. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
Dust over the Arabian Sea
Title Dust over the Arabian Sea
Description A number of jets of windblown desert dust (light brown plumes) were blowing over the Arabian Sea on March 2, 2003. Originating from the Arabian Peninsula (middle left) as well as Iran and Pakistan (top center and top right, respectively) the dust obscures the surface over much of the region. Notice the very thin line of clouds, much whiter and brighter than the dust, running southeastward over the Gulf of Oman and demarcating the edge of the front. Another similar cloud pattern can be seen south of Oman. Notice also the vertical discontinuity running from top to bottom through the center of this scene. This image was made using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors flying aboard NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites at hours apart on the same day. The scene appears a bit different to each satellite not only because the clouds and dust plumes are moving, but also because the relative angle of the sun is changing. In the righthand image (Aqua MODIS), you can discern more dark green structure in the Indian Ocean, indicating the presence of phytoplankton. The intense biological activity going on there is quite likely being enhanced by the influx of iron-rich desert dust settling into the waters there over recent days. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
Dust storm in the Indus Vall …
Title Dust storm in the Indus Valley
Description A large dust storm blew through the Indus Valley, along the border between Pakistan and India, on June 12, 2006. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] flying onboard NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image the same day. In this picture, the dust heads toward the Himalaya Mountains in the top right corner of the image. In the lower-left corner of the image, sprays of clouds appear to blow in the same direction as the dust, away from the Arabian Sea and toward the northeast. Once the dust reaches the mountains, it changes direction and blows along their southern edge. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data provided by the Goddard Earth Sciences DAAC. [ http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ]
Dust Storm over Pakistan
Title Dust Storm over Pakistan
Description A dust storm blew off the southern coasts of Pakistan and Iran, flowing out over the Arabian Sea on June 1, 2006. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] flying onboard NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite took this picture the same day. In this image, the dust appears as pale beige swirls over the ocean water. The dust appears thickest in the east, south of Pakistan. To the east of the dust storm is some cloud cover. Dust storms often result from extremely hot, dry conditions, and they occur frequently in the Middle East. According to news reports, Pakistan suffered a severe heat wave in May 2006, and temperatures remained high at the beginning of June. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data provided courtesy of the MODIS Rapid Response [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] team.
Dust Storm over Southern Asi …
Title Dust Storm over Southern Asia
Description A new and massive dust storm (light brown) erupted out of the Sistan Basin straddling the border between Iran and Afghanistan on April 29, 2004. The dust blew southward and spread out over a wide area, covering most of southern Afghanistan and western Pakistan. (The borders between those countries are traced here in black.) The dust can be seen here extending well out over the Arabian Sea (bottom). For more than five millennia, the Sistan Basin served as a cradle for life in what was once a 2,000-square-km (800-square-mile) wetland ecosystem known as the Hamoun Wetlands. Fed mainly by the springtime meltwater running off the mountains to the north and coursing through the Helmand River, the Hamoun Wetlands were replenished every year so that for thousands of years the region was an abundant source of fish, game, and fresh water for farming. But with unprecedented population growth in the region throughout the 20th century, coupled with a relatively sudden and dramatic increase in irrigation off of the Helmand River, the Hamoun Wetlands have almost completely dried up within the last 5 years. What was once a lush ecosystem teeming with life has been replaced by a mostly lifeless salt pan. (For more details, please read From Wetland to Wasteland. [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/hamoun/ ]) The light, silty lakefloor is now vulnerable to the intense heat and strong winds often experienced in this region that, in recent years, have been generating some very impressive dust storms that appear to be increasing in both frequency and severity. This true-color image was captured on April 29, 2004, by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov ] satellite. The high-resolution copy available here is 500 meters per pixel. Additional resolution [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004120-0429/Pakistan.A2004120.0915 ] copies of this image are also available. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC
Dust Sweeps across the Arabi …
Title Dust Sweeps across the Arabian Sea
Description Strong winds swept large plumes of dust (tan pixels) off the southern coasts of Iran and Pakistan south and eastward across the Arabian Sea on February 9, 2004. The black line running vertically through the top center of this scene shows the border between Iran and Pakistan, the easternmost tip of the Arabian Peninsula juts in to the left center of the image. This true-color image was acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), flying aboard NASA?s Terra satellite. Another image [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004040-0209/ArabianSea2.A2004040.0915 ] was acquired a few hours later that same day by MODIS aboard the Aqua. The high-resolution image above is 500 meters per pixel, but both images are available at the sensor?s full resolution [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2004040-0209/ArabianSea.A2004040.0610 ] of 250 meters per pixel. Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] at NASA GSFC
Phytoplankton in the Arabian …
Title Phytoplankton in the Arabian Sea
Description Ribbons and swirls of yellow trace out regions of high chlorophyll concentration in the Arabian Sea in this Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) image, taken by NASA?s Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite on February 22, 2005. High chlorophyll concentrations indicate that tiny ocean plants, called phytoplankton, are thriving near the ocean?s surface. The plants can both nourish and destroy a marine ecosystem. Phytoplankton are a major source of food for many marine animals. Regions that produce large amounts of phytoplankton also tend to support a thriving fish population. But when phytoplankton concentrations get to be too great, they can create ?dead zones? in the ocean?oxygen-poor regions where few, if any, fish can survive. Dead zones occur when phytoplankton die and begin to sink to the sea floor. Bacteria break down the plants, and if the concentration of decaying plants is high enough, the bacteria can consume all of the oxygen in the region. Satellite images such as this Aqua MODIS image help monitor phytoplankton concentrations in the world?s oceans. While high concentrations in this image do not necessarily point to dead zones, they can show where potential problems exist. Regions where no data exist because of cloud cover or other reasons are white, while land is grey. Some of the high chlorophyll concentrations seen here may be related to recent floods [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=12724 ] along the coast of Pakistan. Flood water sweeps minerals from the land into the ocean, providing iron and other nutrients for phytoplankton to grow. Wind-blown dust is another source of nutrients for phytoplankton, and MODIS observed dust storms over the Arabian Sea on February 19 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?ArabianSea/2005050/ArabianSea.2005050.terra ] and February 17 [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?ArabianSea/2005048/ArabianSea.2005048.terra ]. These storms may have contributed to the growth of the phytoplankton. NASA image courtesy Norman Kuring, MODIS Ocean Color Team [ http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ]
Fires in Pakistan and India
Title Fires in Pakistan and India
Description At the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains, the Indus River Valley spreads in a fertile swath toward the Arabian Sea across the deserts of Pakistan (left). In this Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image from April 25, 2004, actively burning fires have been detected by MODIS and marked in red. The widespread nature of the fires and the time of year suggest that these fires are being set intentionally for agricultural purposes. Though not necessarily hazardous, such large-scale burning can have a strong impact on weather, climate, human health, and natural resources. In this scene, smoke hangs over Pakistan and northwestern India. The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at additional resolutions. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA-GSFC
Fires in Southern India
Title Fires in Southern India
Description Numerous scattered fires (red dots) were detected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua satellite across southern India on January 31, 2003. Fire are especially concentrated in the Nallamala Hills region of the Eastern Ghats along India's Indian Ocean coast (right). Fires also drape down the Western Ghat Mountains on India's Arabian Sea coast (left). The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters. Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC
Tropical Cyclone Gonu
Title Tropical Cyclone Gonu
Description MODIS Rapid Response Team, [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] Goddard Space Flight Center., You might expect to see a storm with near-perfect symmetry and a well-defined eye hovering over the warm waters of the Caribbean or in the South Pacific, but Tropical Cyclone Gonu showed up in an unusual place. On June 4, 2007, when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image, Tropical Cyclone Gonu was approaching the northeastern shore of Oman, a region better known for hot desert conditions. Though rare, cyclones like Gonu are not unheard of in the northern Indian Ocean basin. Most cyclones that form in the region form over the Bay of Bengal, east of India. Those that take shape over the Arabian Sea, west of the Indian peninsula, tend to be small and fizzle out before coming ashore. Cyclone Gonu is a rare exception. As of June 4, 2007, the powerful storm had reached a dangerous Category 4 [ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml ] status, and it was forecast to graze Oman's northeastern shore, following the Gulf of Oman. According to storm statistics maintained on Unisys Weather, [ http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/ ] the last storm of this size to form over the Arabian Sea was Cyclone 01A, which tracked northwest along the coast of India between May 21 and May 28, 2001. Unlike Gonu's forecasted track, Cyclone 01A's path never brought it ashore. MODIS acquired this photo-like image at 12:00 p.m. local time (9:00 UTC), a few hours after the Joint Typhoon Warning Center [ https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc.php ] estimated Gonu's sustained winds to be over 240 kilometers per hour (145 miles per hour). The satellite image confirms that Gonu was a super-powerful cyclone. The storm has the hallmark tightly wound arms that spiral around a well-defined, circular eye. The eye is surrounded by a clear wall of towering clouds that cast shadows on the surrounding clouds. Called hot towers, [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17662 ] these clouds are a sign of the powerful uplift that feeds the storm. The symmetrical spirals, clear eye, and towering clouds are all features regularly seen in satellite images of other particularly powerful cyclones, which are also known as typhoons or hurricanes when they form in other parts of the world. The high-resolution image provided above is at MODIS' full spatial resolution (level of detail) of 250 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at additional resolutions. [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2007155-0604/Gonu.A2007155.0900 ] You can download a 250-meter-resolution Cyclone Gonu KMZ file [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/Archive/Jun2007/Gonu.A2007155.0900.250m.kmz ] for use with Google Earth. [ http://earth.google.com/download-earth.html ] NASA image by Jeff Schmaltz,
Flooding in Eastern India
Title Flooding in Eastern India
Description Abutting the southern front of the snow-clad Himalaya Mountains, the broad, flat Ganges Plain is laced with rivers that transport glacial melt to the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea. Not surprisingly, these rivers lead something of a Dr. Jekyll–Mr. Hyde existence: during the dry winter, the rivers are small and sedate, their headwaters largely locked in ice. In the summer, temperatures in the mountains climb, melting mountain-top snow and fueling the Asian monsoon, and the rivers swell into roaring giants. Not every year is the same however—the monsoon may be wetter in a particular year or winter snows might be greater, leading to more snowmelt—and 2007 numbered among the more extreme flood years. Heavy rain throughout July pushed the Ganges and its many tributaries over their banks, submerging large tracts of land in northeastern India. As of August 3, nearly 20 million people had been displaced in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, and 125 had died in India, reported BBC News. [ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6927389.stm ] Among the most severely hit states was India's northeastern Bihar state. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS [ http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ]) flying on NASA's Aqua [ http://aqua.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured the top image of flooding on the Ganges and its tributaries on August 3, 2007. The lower image, captured by Aqua MODIS on June 4, 2007, shows the plain before the summer monsoon and snowmelt swelled the rivers. In these images (made with a combination of infrared and visible light), water is black or dark blue. Water takes on a brighter shade of blue when tinged with sediment. Clouds, pale blue and white, are scattered over the flooded region, which is bright green with vegetation. Sparsely vegetated areas or bare earth in the lower image are rose-tinted tan. On August 3, the Ganges, Gandak, and Kosi Rivers were so swollen that it was hard to see exactly where the rivers normally flow. The tributaries that feed the Kosi River, not even visible on June 4, have combined in a vast web of water-covered land. The light blue area under the clouds in the lower left corner of the image is probably water-soaked earth, not standing water. Though destructive, seasonal flooding in the Ganges River system blankets the plain with fertile alluvial soil, making it productive farmland. Because the plain is so fertile, it is one of the most densely populated regions on Earth.Daily images [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/subsets/?FAS_India3/2007215 ] of northeastern India are available from the MODIS Rapid Response System in both false color, as shown here, and photo-like true color. NASA images courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team [ http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov ] at NASA GSFC.
Dust off Iran and Pakistan: …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Dust plumes blew off the coa …
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Dust over the Arabian Sea: N …
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A dusty haze hung over the A …
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Dust off Iran and Pakistan: …
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Dust plumes blew off the coa …
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Dust Storm over Southwestern …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Two days after forming over …
stan_amo_2008181
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Tropical Cyclone Gonu: Natur …
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You might expect to see a st …
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Dust over the Arabian Sea: N …
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A number of jets of windblow …
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date 2003-03-02
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
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Dust Storm over the Middle E …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
A massive dust cloud hovered …
ge_08844
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Haze along the Himalaya Fron …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
This Moderate Resolution Ima …
aqua_nindia_01dec04
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-12-01
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier aqua_nindia_01dec04
Dust Storm over the Middle E …
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A massive dust cloud hovered …
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creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
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Dust storm in the Indus Vall …
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A large dust storm blew thro …
india_amo_2006163
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2006-06-12
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier india_amo_2006163
Monsoon Floods Inundate East …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Abutting the southern front …
Bihar_AMO_2007215
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2007-08-03
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy the rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center.
identifier Bihar_AMO_2007215
Dust over the Arabian Sea: N …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
A number of jets of windblow …
ArabianSea_TMO2003122
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003-05-02
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ArabianSea_TMO2003122
Dust Storm over Southern Asi …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
A new and massive dust storm …
Pakistan_AMO2004120
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-04-29
creator NASA -- Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC
identifier Pakistan_AMO2004120
Dust over Arabian Sea: Natur …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
This true-color scene shows …
PakistanDust_TMO2003348
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2003-12-14
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier PakistanDust_TMO2003348
Heavy Rains Flood Pakistan: …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
* eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/ima …
pakistan_amo_0611feb05
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-02-11
creator NASA -- NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/ MODIS Rapid Response team.
identifier pakistan_amo_0611feb05
Phytoplankton in the Arabian …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Ribbons and swirls of yellow …
ge_05283
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-02-22
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy Norman Kuring, MODIS oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Ocean Color Team
identifier ge_05283
Phytoplankton in the Arabian …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Ribbons and swirls of yellow …
ge_05283
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-02-22
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy Norman Kuring, MODIS oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Ocean Color Team
identifier ge_05283
Phytoplankton in the Arabian …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Ribbons and swirls of yellow …
ge_05283
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-02-22
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy Norman Kuring, MODIS oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Ocean Color Team
identifier ge_05283
Phytoplankton in the Arabian …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Ribbons and swirls of yellow …
ge_05283
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-02-22
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy Norman Kuring, MODIS oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Ocean Color Team
identifier ge_05283
Dust in the Indus Valley: Na …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
From the foothills of the Hi …
aqua_pakistan_23may04
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-05-23
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier aqua_pakistan_23may04
Wave Clouds over the Arabian …
nasa, nasaimageofthedaygalle …
Like a massive, ethereal bir …
ge_07758
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2007-05-08
creator NASA -- Image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov MODIS Rapid Response System at NASA GSFC. Image interpretation courtesy Belay Demoz, NASA GSFC.
identifier ge_07758
Phytoplankton in the Arabian …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Ribbons and swirls of yellow …
ArabianSea_AMO_2005053
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2005-02-22
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ArabianSea_AMO_2005053
Dust Storm over Pakistan: Na …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
A dust storm blew off the so …
pakistan_amo_2006152
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2006-06-01
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier pakistan_amo_2006152
Dust Storm over Afghanistan …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
On July 4, 2003, a dust stor …
Pakistan.AMOA2003185
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date July 4, 2003
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier Pakistan.AMOA2003185
Dust Sweeps across the Arabi …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Strong winds swept large plu …
ArabianSea_TMO2004040
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2004-02-09
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier ArabianSea_TMO2004040
Dust off Pakistan: Natural H …
nasa, nasanaturalhazards
Plumes of dust blew off the …
pakistan_amo_2006326
mediatype IMAGE
mediatype image
date 2006-11-22
creator NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
identifier pakistan_amo_2006326
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