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Apollo 12 and Moon of Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
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Luna 16
| title |
Luna 16 |
| date |
09.12.1970 |
| description |
Luna 16 was a landmark success for the Soviets in their deep space exploration program, the mission accomplished the first fully automatic recovery of soil samples from the surface of the Moon. The success came after five failures. After a successful coast to the Moon (which included one midcourse correction), Luna 16 entered circular lunar orbit (at 110 kilometers with a a 70° inclination) on 17 September. Two further orbital adjustments on 18 and 19 September altered both altitude and inclination in preparation for descent to the moon. At perilune at 05:12 UT on 20 September, Luna 16 fired its main engine to begin its descent to the surface. Six minutes later, the spacecraft safely soft-landed in its target area at 0°41' south latitude and 56°18' east longitude, in the northeast area of the Sea of Fertility, approximately 100 kilometers east of Webb crater. The mass of the spacecraft at landing was 1,880 kilograms. Less than an hour after landing, at 06:03 UT, an automatic drill penetrated the lunar surface to collect a soil sample. After drilling for 7 minutes, the drill reached a stop at 35 millimeters depth and then withdrew its sample and lifted it in an arc to the top of the spacecraft, depositing the precious cargo in a small spherical capsule mounted on the main spacecraft bus. Finally, at 07:43 UT on 21 September, the spacecraft's upper stage lifted off from the Moon. Three days later, after a direct ascent traverse with no midcourse corrections, the capsule, with its 105 grams of lunar soil, reentered Earth's atmosphere at a velocity of 11 kilometers per second. The capsule parachuted down 80 kilometers southeast of the town of Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan at 05:25 UT on 24 September 1970. Analysis of the dark basalt material indicated a close resemblance to soil recovered by the American Apollo 12 mission. |
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Man and Machine
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Man and Machine |
| date |
11.20.1969 |
| description |
Charles Conrad Jr., Apollo 12 Commander, examines the unmanned Surveyor III spacecraft during the second extravehicular activity (EVA-2). The Lunar Module (LM) "Intrepid" is in the right background. This picture was taken by astronaut Alan L. Bean, Lunar Module pilot. The "Intrepid" landed on the Moon's Ocean of Storms only 600 feet from Surveyor III. The television camera and several other components were taken from Surveyor III and brought back to earth for scientific analysis. Surveyor III soft-landed on the Moon on April 19, 1967. *Image Credit*: NASA |
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First Picture of the Moon Ta
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First Picture of the Moon Taken by Ranger 8 |
| date |
02.20.1965 |
| description |
First full-frame image of the Moon taken by the Ranger 8 camera A from a distance of 2,573 km. The image was taken on 20 Feb. 1965 at 09:34 UT with the spacecraft at an altitude of 2510 km. The central reticle is at 10.65 degrees south latitude, 22.4 degrees west longitude, in the Mare Cognitum area of the Moon. North is up, and the picture extends 1200 km across, from about 5 N to 30 S latitude, and from 5 W to 45 W longitude. The craters Campanus and Mercator are visible at the bottom center. Gassandi crater (101 km diameter) is the bright circle near the edge of the frame at 8:00. The Apollo 12 landing site is near top center and Apollo 14 slightly to the right of that. (Ranger 8, A001) *Image Credit*: NASA |
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A91-2015
Photographer : JPL This imag
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12/8/90
| Description |
Photographer : JPL This image of the crescent moon was obtained by the Galileo Solid-State Imaging System, taken at 5 am PST as the spacecraft neared Earth. The image was taken through a green filter and shows the western part of the lunar near side. The smallest features visible are 8 km (5 mi) in size. Major features visible include the dark plains of Mare Imbrium in the upper part of the image, the bright crater Copernicus (100 km, 60 miles in diameter) in the centeral part, and the heavily cratered lunar highlands in the bottom of the image. The landing sides of the Apollo 12,14 and 15 missions lie within the central part of the image. Samples returned from these sites will be used to calibrate this and accompanying images taken in different colors, which will extend the knowledge of the spectral and compositional properties of the near side of the moon, seen from Earth, to the lunar far side. |
| Date |
12/8/90 |
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Apollo / Surveyor Stereo Vie
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| Title |
Apollo / Surveyor Stereo View |
| Explanation |
Put on your red/blue glasses and gaze into this dramatic stereo view from the surface of the Moon [ http://www.badastronomy.com/bad/tv/foxapollo.html ]! Inspired by last Saturday's APOD [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010303.html ], experimentor Patrick Vantuyne offers this stereo rendering of Apollo 12 astronaut Pete Conrad visiting the Surveyor 3 spacecraft in November of 1969. To create the stereo [ http://apod.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/ apod_search?stereo ] image, Vantuyne carefully combed through the pictures available for downloading from the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/frame.html ] web site to find two which would make an appropriate "stereo pair". He found [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/ images12.html#HiRes ] a pair that depicted the captivating scene from only slightly different viewpoints, approximating the separation between human eyes. Combining the two separate pictures, one tinted red and the other blue-green, with the correct offset, produces the stereo effect [ http://www.primenet.com/~deborah/ Stereo3D/ ] when viewed using red/blue glasses, the red filter covering the left eye. The color filters [ http://axon.physik.uni-bremen.de/research/stereo/ color_anaglyph/ ] guide each eye to see only the picture with the correct corresponding viewpoint and the brain interprets the result as normal stereo vision [ http://www.illusionworks.com/ ]. ("Editor's note:" While you've got those glasses [ http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/mpf/glasses.html ] on ... other web sources of astronomy and space science stereo images include the Mars Path Finder [ http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/ sitemap/anaglyph.html ] archive and a 3D Tour of the Solar System [ http://www.lpi.usra.edu/research/stereo_atlas/SS3D.HTM ].) |
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Apollo 12: Stereo View Near
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| Title |
Apollo 12: Stereo View Near Surveyor Crater |
| Explanation |
This weekend's stereo picture [ http://www.nasm.edu/apollo30th/moontheater/p01.html ] finds Apollo 12 [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ apollo12info.html ] astronaut Pete Conrad standing on the lunar surface [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/ ] near the southern rim of Surveyor Crater in November of 1969. With red/blue glasses you can gaze beyond [ http://users.pandora.be/patrick.vantuyne1/ ] the spacesuited Conrad across the magnificent desolation [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001209.html ] of the Moon's Ocean of Storms [ http://www.lpi.usra.edu/pub/research/stereo_atlas/ HTDOCS/A2LS-BL2.HTM ]. Conrad stands next to large chunks of loose rock, debris from the small impact crater. A sampling scoop is in his right hand and a specially designed tool carrier rests by his left foot as he poses for the picture. His photographer, fellow astronaut Al Bean, captured two separate images (cataloged as AS12-49-7318 and AS12-49-7319) by doing something like a stereo "cha-cha" [ http://www.rmm3d.com/3d.encyclopedia/ single.cam.html ] ... taking the first picture while resting his weight on his right foot and the second after shifting to his left. With the first tinted blue and second red, the pair of pictures were offset and combined to create a 3D anaglyph [ http://dogfeathers.com/3d/index.html ]. Donning red/blue glasses [ http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/mpf/ glasses.html ] allows the result to be viewed with stereo vision [ http://www.udel.edu/Biology/Wags/wagart/anaglyphpage/ anaglyph.html ]. |
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Apollo 12: Stereo View Near
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| Title |
Apollo 12: Stereo View Near Surveyor Crater |
| Explanation |
This weekend's stereo picture [ http://www.nasm.edu/apollo30th/moontheater/p01.html ] finds Apollo 12 [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ apollo12info.html ] astronaut Pete Conrad standing on the lunar surface [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/ ] near the southern rim of Surveyor Crater in November of 1969. With red/blue glasses you can gaze beyond [ http://users.pandora.be/patrick.vantuyne1/doc2.htm ] the spacesuited Conrad across the magnificent desolation [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap001209.html ] of the Moon's Ocean of Storms [ http://www.lpi.usra.edu/pub/research/stereo_atlas/ HTDOCS/A2LS-BL2.HTM ]. Conrad stands next to large chunks of loose rock, debris from the small impact crater. A sampling scoop is in his right hand and a specially designed tool carrier rests by his left foot as he poses for the picture. His photographer, fellow astronaut Al Bean, captured two separate images (cataloged as AS12-49-7318 and AS12-49-7319) by doing something like a stereo "cha-cha" [ http://www.rmm3d.com/3d.encyclopedia/ single.cam.html ] ... taking the first picture while resting his weight on his right foot and the second after shifting to his left. With the first tinted blue and second red, the pair of pictures were offset and combined to create a 3D anaglyph [ http://dogfeathers.com/3d/index.html ]. Donning red/blue glasses [ http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/mpf/ glasses.html ] allows the result to be viewed with stereo vision [ http://www.udel.edu/Biology/Wags/wagart/anaglyphpage/ anaglyph.html ]. |
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Apollo 12: Self-Portrait
| Title |
Apollo 12: Self-Portrait |
| Explanation |
Is it art? In November of 1969, Apollo 12 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990408.html ] astronaut-photographer Charles "Pete" Conrad [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990715.html ] recorded this masterpiece [ http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/AS12/10075421.htm ] while documenting colleague Alan Bean's [ http://www.alanbeangallery.com/ ] lunar soil collection activities on the Oceanus Procellarum [ http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/planet_volcano/ lunar/mare/mlm.html ]. The image is dramatic and stark [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960420.html ]. Bean is faceless. The harsh environment of the Moon's Ocean of Storms is echoed in his helmet's perfectly composed reflection of Conrad and the lunar horizon [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ ]. Works of photojournalists originally intent on recording the human condition on planet Earth, such as Lewis W. Hine's [ http://www.geh.org/fm/lwhprints/htmlsrc2/ index.html ] images from New York City in the early 20th century, or Margaret Bourke-White's [ http://lkwdpl.org/wihohio/bour-mar.htm ] magazine photography are widely regarded as art. Similarly many documentary astronomy and space images [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov ] can be appreciated for their artistic and esthetic appeal [ http://heritage.stsci.edu/ ]. |
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Apollo 12: Self-Portrait
| Title |
Apollo 12: Self-Portrait |
| Explanation |
In November of 1969, Apollo 12 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990408.html ] astronaut-photographer Charles "Pete" Conrad [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990715.html ] recorded this masterpiece while documenting colleague Alan Bean's [ http://www.alanbeangallery.com/ ] lunar soil collection activities on the Oceanus Procellarum [ http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/planet_volcano/ lunar/mare/mlm.html ]. The image is dramatic and stark [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap031109.html ]. The harsh environment of the Moon's Ocean of Storms is echoed in Bean's helmet, a perfectly composed reflection [ http://mirrorproject.com/galleries/gantz/ ] of Conrad and the lunar horizon [ http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ ]. Is it art? Works of photojournalists originally intent on recording the human condition on planet Earth, such as Lewis W. Hine's [ http://www.geh.org/fm/lwhprints/htmlsrc2/ index.html ] images from New York City in the early 20th century, or Margaret Bourke-White's [ http://lkwdpl.org/wihohio/bour-mar.htm ] magazine photography are widely regarded as art. Similarly many documentary astronomy and space images [ http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov ] can be appreciated for their artistic and esthetic appeal [ http://heritage.stsci.edu/ ]. |
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Moon - Western Near Side
| Title |
Moon - Western Near Side |
| Description |
This image of the crescent moon was obtained by the Galileo Solid State imaging system on December 8 at 5 a.m. PST as the Galileo spacecraft neared the Earth. The image was taken through a green filter and shows the western part of the lunar nearside. The smallest features visible are 8 kilometers (5 miles) in size. Major features visible include the dark plains of Mare Imbrium in the upper part of the image, the bright crater Copernicus (100 km, 60 miles in diameter) in the central part, and the heavily cratered lunar highlands in the bottom of the image. The landing sides of the Apollo 12, 14 and 15 missions lie within the central part of the image. Samples returned from these sites will be used to calibrate this and accompanying images taken in different colors, which will extend the knowledge of the spectral and compositional properties of the nearside of the moon, seen from Earth, to the lunar far side. |
| Date |
12.19.1990 |
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Moon - Western Near Side
PIA00224
Earth
Solid-State Imaging
| Title |
Moon - Western Near Side |
| Original Caption Released with Image |
This image of the crescent moon was obtained by the Galileo Solid State imaging system on December 8 at 5 a.m. PST as the Galileo spacecraft neared the Earth. The image was taken through a green filter and shows the western part of the lunar nearside. The smallest features visible are 8 kilometers (5 miles) in size. Major features visible include the dark plains of Mare Imbrium in the upper part of the image, the bright crater Copernicus (100 km, 60 miles in diameter) in the central part, and the heavily cratered lunar highlands in the bottom of the image. The landing sides of the Apollo 12, 14 and 15 missions lie within the central part of the image. Samples returned from these sites will be used to calibrate this and accompanying images taken in different colors, which will extend the knowledge of the spectral and compositional properties of the nearside of the moon, seen from Earth, to the lunar far side. |
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Galileo spacecraft solid-sta
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| Title |
Galileo spacecraft solid-state imaging system views of the Moon |
| Description |
Galileo spacecraft solid-state imaging system provided views of the moon during its first encounter with the Earth. On the western part of the lunar near side Galileo photographed a crescent view featuring Mare Imbrium, Copernicus and cratered lunar highlands where the landing sites of Apollo 12, 14 and 15 missions lie (55000) and a full moon view of Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Orientale (55001). Views provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with the alternate numbers P-37298 (55000) and P-37299 (55001). |
| Date Taken |
1990-12-18 |
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Galileo spacecraft solid-sta
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| Title |
Galileo spacecraft solid-state imaging system views of the Moon |
| Description |
Galileo spacecraft solid-state imaging system provided views of the moon during its first encounter with the Earth. On the western part of the lunar near side Galileo photographed a crescent view featuring Mare Imbrium, Copernicus and cratered lunar highlands where the landing sites of Apollo 12, 14 and 15 missions lie (55000) and a full moon view of Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Orientale (55001). Views provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with the alternate numbers P-37298 (55000) and P-37299 (55001). |
| Date Taken |
1990-12-18 |
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