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Browse All : Altimeter of Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) from 1997

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Sea Surface Height Anomalies …
Title Sea Surface Height Anomalies during El Nino/La Nina Event of 1997-1998 (WMS)
Abstract The El Nino/La Nina event in 1997-1999 was particularly intense, but was also very well observed by satellites and buoys. Changes in the normal height of the ocean's surface were observed by the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter.
Completed 2005-03-31
Sea Surface Height Anomalies …
Title Sea Surface Height Anomalies during El Nino/La Nina Event of 1997-1998 (WMS)
Abstract The El Nino/La Nina event in 1997-1999 was particularly intense, but was also very well observed by satellites and buoys. Changes in the normal height of the ocean's surface were observed by the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter.
Completed 2005-03-31
El Niño: Sea Surface Tempera …
Title El Niño: Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Sea Surface Height Anomaly from Aug. 1996 to Aug. 1997
Completed 1997-08-25
Sea Surface Height Anomalies …
Title Sea Surface Height Anomalies Showing the Onslaught of El Niño: August 1, 1996 to August 3, 1997
Completed 1997-08-25
El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Alti …
Title El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Sea Level Anomaly from August 1, 1996 to August 3, 1997
Completed 1997-09-08
El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Alti …
Title El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Sea Level Anomaly from September 15, 1996 to September 21, 1997
Completed 1997-10-23
El Niño: Sea Surface Tempera …
Title El Niño: Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Sea Surface Height Anomaly from Aug. 1996 to Aug. 1997
Completed 1997-09-08
El Niño: SST Anomaly, Sea Su …
Title El Niño: SST Anomaly, Sea Surface Wind Anomaly, and SSH Anomaly from Sept 1996 to Sept 1997
Completed 1997-10-23
El Niño: Sea Surface Tempera …
Title El Niño: Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Sea Surface Height Anomaly from Sept. 1996 to Sept. 1997
Abstract Sea surface height anomaly is presented as topography and sea surface temperature anomaly as color. A similar visualization (animation 1415) presents this same data and includes a pan from the front view to a side view.
Completed 1997-09-08
El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Alti …
Title El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Sea Level Anomaly from September 15, 1996 to September 21, 1997
Completed 1997-09-08
Inside Mars
Title Inside Mars
Explanation What's inside Mars [ http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/imagewall/MOLA/mola_3_2000.html ]? From orbit, the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft [ http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/realtime/mgsrt.html ] has recorded detailed images of the red planet since [ http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/mgs_moc_archive.html ] July 1997. Still, its cameras can not look beneath the surface. But minute changes in the spacecraft's orbital velocity are produced by variations in the planet's gravitational field, and these changes are related to interior density fluctuations. When the subtle orbital changes were measured using MGS radio science [ http://nova.stanford.edu/projects/mgs/ ] experiments and combined with the accurate Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter topographical data [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990528.html ], researchers were able to produce a map of the thickness of the martian crust [ http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/sci/mola/mar10-2000/internal_paper.html ]. In this color cut-away diagram of the results, red colors correspond to thin and blue to thick areas of the crust which rides above the martian mantle [ http://banzai.msi.umn.edu/mars/ ]. From the global map, the crust is seen [ http://pao.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/spacesci/mars/mars.htm ] to range from about 20 to 50 miles thick and shows a dramatic difference between the generally thinner northern hemisphere to thicker southern hemisphere crust. For the newly formed planet, the thin crust would have promoted rapid cooling [ http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/imagewall/MOLA/pressrelease.txt ] and may have given rise to a large northern ocean [ http://earthsky.com/1999/es990519.html ] on early Mars [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970627.html ].
MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altim …
PIA00960
Sol (our sun)
MOLA
Title MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) - Mars/Earth Relief Comparison
Original Caption Released with Image Comparison of the cross-sectional relief of the deepest portion of the Grand Canyon (Arizona) on Earth versus a Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) view of a common type of chasm on Mars in the western Elysium region. The MOLA profile was collected during the Mars Global Surveyor Capture Orbit Calibration Pass on September 15, 1997. The Grand Canyon topography is shown as a trace with a measurement every 295 feet (90 meters) along track, while that from MOLA reflects measurements about every 970 feet (400 meters) along track. The slopes of the steep inner canyon wall of the Martian feature exceed the angle of repose, suggesting relative youth and the potential for landslides. The inner wall slopes of the Grand Canyon are less than those of the Martian chasm, reflecting the long period of erosion necessary to form its mile-deep character on Earth.
MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altim …
PIA00959
Sol (our sun)
MOLA
Title MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Topographic Profile of Impact Crater
Original Caption Released with Image Among the myriad of interesting landforms sampled by MOLA on its first traverse across the Red Planet on 15 September 1997 is this 13-mile (21-kilometer) diameter impact crater located at ~ 48°N. The figure shows the topography, the computed position of the spacecraft groundtrack (solid line) and the track adjusted to correct for image location error (dashed line). The topographic profile provides some of the first indications of how landscape modification has operated in Martian geologic history. The relief of the crater rim, in combination with the steepness (over 20°) of the inner crater wall, are intriguing in that most craters of this size are much more subdued. The shape of the outer ejecta blanket of the crater likely indicates impact into an H2O rich crust. Issues concerning how craters such as this can be used to understand the properties of the uppermost crust of Mars in regions where the role of water and other volatiles may be important can be addressed with the high spatial and vertical resolution topographic profiles that will be acquired by MOLA once it starts its detailed mapping of the Red Planet in March of 1998.
MGS Mars Orbiter Laser (MOLA …
PIA00957
Sol (our sun)
MOLA
Title MGS Mars Orbiter Laser (MOLA) Surface Topography of Northern Hemisphere
Original Caption Released with Image A "picket fence" rendition of surface topography in the northern hemisphere of Mars from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). The profile was obtained during the Mars Global Surveyor Capture Orbit Calibration Pass on September 15, 1997. The profile runs from 73°N to 10°S latitude and passes through the topographically subdued northern plains, the western part of the Elysium volcanic province, which shows 3 miles (5 kilometers) of relief, and the chaotic "dichotomy" boundary between the northern plains and ancient southern highlands. The MOLA profile is approximately 3000 miles (5000 kilometers) long and has a resolution on the surface of 1000 feet (330 meters) and a vertical resolution of approximately 3 feet (1 meter).
3000 Mile Laser Altimeter Pr …
PIA00958
Sol (our sun)
MOLA
Title 3000 Mile Laser Altimeter Profile Across Northern Hemisphere of Mars
Original Caption Released with Image Topographic profile across the northern hemisphere of Mars from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). The profile was obtained during the Mars Global Surveyor Capture Orbit Calibration Pass on September 15, 1997 and represents 20 minutes of data collection. The profile has a length of approximately 3000 miles (5000 kilometers). The large bulge is the western part of the Elysium rise, the second largest volcanic province on Mars, and shows over 3 miles (5 kilometers) of vertical relief. This area contains deep chasms that reflect tectonic, volcanic and erosional processes. In contrast is the almost 1featureless1 northern plains region of Mars, which shows only hundreds of meters of relief at scales the size of the United States. Plotted for comparison is the elevation of the Viking Lander 2 site, which is located 275 miles (445 kilometers) west of the profile. At the southernmost extent of the trace is the transition from the northern plains to the ancient southern highlands. Characterizing the fine-scale nature of topography in this chaotic region is crucial to testing theories for how the dichotomy between the geologically distinctive northern lowlands and southern uplands formed and subsequently evolved. The spatial resolution of the profile is approximately 1000 feet (330 meters) and the vertical resolution is approximately 3 feet (1 meter). When the Mars Global Surveyor mapping mission commences in March, 1998, the MOLA instrument will collect 72 times as much data every day for a period of two years.
MGS MOC Coverage of Mars Pol …
PIA02310
Sol (our sun)
Mars Orbiter Camera
Title MGS MOC Coverage of Mars Polar Lander Region
Original Caption Released with Image . The selection criteria were to find a place that was relatively flat and relatively smooth, but which displayed characteristics of the south polar layered materials. The inset (upper left) shows the location of the landing zone with respect to the south polar residual (year-round) ice cap. The base map used here is a mosaic of Viking Orbiter images from the U.S. Geological Survey. Malin Space Science Systems and the California Institute of Technology built the MOC using spare hardware from the Mars Observer mission. MSSS operates the camera from its facilities in San Diego, CA. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Surveyor Operations Project operates the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft with its industrial partner, Lockheed Martin Astronautics, from facilities in Pasadena, CA and Denver, CO., High-resolution views of the Mars Polar Lander [ http://www.marspolarlander.com/ ] landing zone were essential to the selection of a safe place for the December 3, 1999, landing to occur. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) took its first pictures of the landing zone in December 1997 [ http://www.msss.com/mars_images/3_9_98_release/7200/index.html ] and January 1998 [ http://www.msss.com/mars_images/3_9_98_release/9500/index.html ]. After that time, the south polar region was not accessible to the camera until June 1999, when the south polar winter was ending and the sun began to dawn on this region once again. Since the beginning of June 1999, an intense period of imaging has been conducted over the landing zone so that a safe site could be found. The final site has now been identified, and the pictures shown here give some idea of what the Mars Polar Lander will encounter a little more than three months from now. This figure shows the zone originally proposed by the Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS) [ http://mvacs.ess.ucla.edu/ ] science team for the Mars Polar Lander mission, which spanned the region from 72° to 78°S latitude and 170° to 230°W longitude. The thin white boxes and lines crossing the proposed zone outline MOC images taken between the first week in June 1999 and the first week in August 1999. The longest images were taken at 12 by 18 meters (39 by 59 feet) per pixel, there are three sets of long images, each taken during a given week in June as the terminator (the line separating "night" from "day") moved south across the landing zone. Smaller swaths represent images at higher resolution. The best resolution so far achieved is about 4 meters (13 ft) per pixel, better images will be taken in September and October as the sun rises farther and the surface becomes better illuminated. This figure shows the location of the primary (blue) and secondary (white) landing ellipses, which were selected on the basis of interpretation of the MGS data, in particular data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter [ http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/tharsis/98lander.html ] and the Mars Orbiter Camera [ http://www.msss.com/mars_images/index.html ]
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