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LOLA: Defining the Lunar Ter …
The Lunar Orbiter Laser Alti …
9/23/09
Title LOLA: Defining the Lunar Terrain
Date 9/23/09
Description The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument on board NASA's LRO spacecraft will be responsible for building the highest detail topography currently available of the lunar terrain. In this video David Smith, LOLA's Principal Investigator, explains how this technology works.
Operation Ice Bridge 2009
ED09-0284-25 The Laser Veget …
10/2/09
Description ED09-0284-25 The Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor, or LVIS, instrumentation rack awaits loading on NASA's DC-8 airborne science laboratory at the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, Calif., for the Fall 2009 Operation Ice Bridge deployment to the Antarctic. Developed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., the LVIS is an aircraft-based laser altimeter that collects data on topography and vegetation coverage. The six-week Ice Bridge mission flights are staged from Punta Arenas, Chile. September 29, 2009 NASA Photo / Tom Tschida
Date 10/2/09
Operation Ice Bridge 2009
ED09-0284-29 NASA Dryden air …
10/2/09
Description ED09-0284-29 NASA Dryden aircraft technician Don Bailes is assisted by two mission scientists in positioning the Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor's instrumentation rack in NASA's DC-8 airborne science laboratory in preparation for the Fall 2009 Operation Ice Bridge mission. The mission is a study of Antarctica's sea ice, glaciers, and ice sheets. Developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, the laser altimeter collects data on topography and vegetation coverage. September 29, 2009 NASA Photo / Tom Tschida
Date 10/2/09
Pathfinder Air Bags
Engineers recently tested th …
6/14/95
Date 6/14/95
Description Engineers recently tested these huge, multi-lobed air bags, which will envelope and protect the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft before it impacts the surface of Mars. The air bags, manufactured by ILC Dover of Frederica, Delaware, are composed of four large bags with six smaller, interconnected spheres within each bag. The bags measure 5 meters (17 feet) tall and about 5 meters (17 feet) in diameter. As Pathfinder is descending to the Martian surface on a parachute, an onboard altimeter inside the lander will monitor its distance from the ground. The computer will inflate these large air bags about 100 meters (330 feet) above the surface of Mars. The mission, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, is scheduled for launch on Dec. 2, 1996.
Rossby Waves TOPEX/Poseidon
This image shows three scene …
4/12/96
Date 4/12/96
Description This image shows three scenes taken from an animation created by TOPEX/Poseidon data of the ocean. The scenes show large-scale ocean waves with wavelengths of hundreds of kilometers, called Rossby waves. These waves carry a "memory" of weather changes that have happened at distant locations over the ocean. Scientists at Oregon State University are using the satellite data to track these waves as they move through the open ocean and have determined that at mid-latitudes the Rossby waves are moving two to three times faster than the existing theory predicts. Because Rossby waves can alter currents and their corresponding sea surface temperatures, the waves influence the way the oceans release heat to the atmosphere and, thus, are able to affect weather patterns. Precise information about how fast the waves travel may help forecasters improve their ability to predict the effects of El Nino events on weather patterns years in advance. The colors show variations in sea level in the Pacific Ocean. White and red indicate higher than average levels, while purple and magenta show lower than average levels. These scenes were taken by TOPEX/Poseidon in April, July and December 1993. The two small black circles in the April image show an area of warm water, called a Kelvin wave, moving along the equator toward the coast of the Americas. When this area of high sea level meets the coast, it creates two coastal waves, one traveling northward and the other traveling southward along the American coast. As these waves move poleward, Rossby waves "peel off" the coast and travel west. The solid lines show the crests of the waves (high sea level), while the dashed lines show wave troughs. TOPEX/Poseidon, a joint program of NASA and the Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales, the French space agency, uses a radar altimeter to precisely measure sea-surface height. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the U.S. portion of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission for NASA's Office of Mission to Planet Earth. #####
TOPEX/El Nino
These three images depict th …
5/29/97
Date 5/29/97
Description These three images depict the evolution of a warm water Kelvin wave in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during March and April 1997. Kelvin waves are often precursors to El Nino events which can disrupt global weather patterns. These data were collected by the altimeter onboard the joint US/French TOPEX/Poseidon satellite and these images show sea surface height relative to normal ocean conditions. The white and red areas indicate unusual patterns of heat storage where the sea surface is elevated up to about 20 centimeters (about 8 inches) and 10 centimeters (4 inches) respectively. The El Niño phenomenon is thought to be triggered when the steady westward blowing trade winds weaken and even reverse direction. This change in the winds allows the large mass of warm water (the red and white area) that is normally located near Australia to move eastward along the equator until it reaches the coast of South America. The warm water mass can affect where rain clouds form and, consequently, alter the typical atmospheric jet stream patterns around the world. Using these data, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, (NOAA) has issued an advisory indicating the presence of the early indications of El Niño conditions. A number of El Niño forecast activities supported by NOAA indicate the likelihood of a moderate or strong El Niño in late 1997. The forecast model operated at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) used data collected by the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite.
TOPEX/El Nino
These three panels show the …
1/24/95
Date 1/24/95
Description These three panels show the evolution of sea surface elevation over the global oceans from October to December, 1994. The red- colored strips in the central and eastern tropical Pacific reflect the formation of the present El Nino condition. The images were created with the sea surface elevation data taken by the radar altimeter onboard the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. The color coded maps show monthly sea surface elevation relative to the two-year average taken during 1993-94. Higher sea surface elevation is shown in red and yellow while lower elevation is in purple and blue. The higher sea surface elevation associated with the El Nino reflects an excessive amount of unusually warm water in the upper ocean. El Nino begins when a phenomenon called a Kelvin wave is created in the western tropical Pacific when the trade winds weaken. The Kelvin wave subsequently travels eastward along the equator carrying with it an unusually warm water mass under a bulge of high sea surface elevation. These maps show a new Kelvin wave arriving at the western coast of South America in November 1994. In December, scientists believe the trailing part of the wave was somehow reinforced, causing the wave to stagnate in its present location. The red and white feature shown in the Indian Ocean is caused by seasonal monsoon winds. TOPEX/Poseidon is a joint program of NASA and the Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales, the French space agency. Scientists use the TOPEX/Poseidon sea surface elevation data to produce global maps of ocean circulation. Launched Aug. 10, 1992, the satellite has completed two and a half years of its three-year prime mission and has provided oceanographers with unprecedented global sea surface elevation that is accurate to better than 5 centimeters (2 inches). The Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite for NASA's Office of Mission to Planet Earth. #####
Magellan
This hemispheric view of Ven …
3/16/95
Date 3/16/95
Description This hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at 270 degrees east longitude. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters, the effective resolution of this image is about 3 kilometers. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth- based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degrees latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An Orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. The Magellan mission was managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA. Data processed by JPL, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ. #####
Magellan
This hemispheric view of Ven …
3/16/95
Date 3/16/95
Description This hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at 0 degrees east longitude. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters, the effective resolution of this image is about 3 kilometers. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth-based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degrees latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An Orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. The Magellan mission was managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA. Data processed by JPL, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ.
Magellan
This hemispheric view of Ven …
3/16/95
Date 3/16/95
Description This hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at 90 degrees east longitude. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters, the effective resolution of this image is about 3 kilometers. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth- based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degrees latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An Orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. The Magellan mission was managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA. Data processed by JPL, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ.
Magellan
This hemispheric view of Ven …
3/16/95
Date 3/16/95
Description This hemispheric view of Venus, as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 Magellan mission, is centered at the North Pole. The Magellan spacecraft imaged more than 98 percent of Venus at a resolution of about 100 meters, the effective resolution of this image is about 3 kilometers. A mosaic of the Magellan images (most with illumination from the west) forms the image base. Gaps in the Magellan coverage were filled with images from the Earth-based Arecibo radar in a region centered roughly on 0 degrees latitude and longitude, and with a neutral tone elsewhere (primarily near the south pole). The composite image was processed to improve contrast and to emphasize small features, and was color-coded to represent elevation. Gaps in the elevation data from the Magellan radar altimeter were filled with altimetry from the Venera spacecraft and the U.S. Pioneer Venus missions. An Orthographic projection was used, simulating a distant view of one hemisphere of the planet. The Magellan mission was managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA. Data processed by JPL, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ. #####
Radar Slice Through Subsurfa …
title Radar Slice Through Subsurface of Equatorial Deposits on Mars
description This image combining a topographic map viewed obliquely (color portion of image) with a radargram of the subsurface (monochrome portion) shows features of mysterious Martian deposits named the Medusae Fossae Formation. The westward-looking view includes the divide between Martian highlands on the south and lowlands on the north, spanning a range from about 12 degrees south latitude (left edge of image) to 5 degrees north latitude (right edge of image). The deposits of the Medusae Fossae Formation are found in the lowlands along the divide, in the center foreground. The radar sounder on the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter has revealed echoes from what is interpreted as a boundary between the overlying deposits and underlying lowland plains buried by these deposits. The radar information presented here is from downward-looking radar observations by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS, jointly funded by NASA and the Italian Space Agency) as Mars Express flew a south-to-north path at about 188 degrees east longitude. The topographic map, using 1990s data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter instrument on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor orbiter, extends from that transect to about 135 degrees east longitude. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages NASA's roles in Mars Express for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/Italian Space Agency/Univ. of Rome/Smithsonian
3-D View of Mars
Title 3-D View of Mars
Full Description This first three-dimensional picture of Mars' north pole enables scientists to estimate the volume of its water ice cap with unprecedented precision, and to study its surface variations and the heights of clouds in the region for the first time. Approximately 2.6 million of these laser pulse measurements were assembled into a topographic grid of the North pole with a spatial resolution of 0.6 miles (one kilometer) and a vertical accuracy of 15-90 feet (5-30 meters). The principal investigator for MOLA is Dr. David E. Smith of Goddard. The MOLA instrument was designed and built by the Laser Remote Sensing Branch of the Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics at Goddard. The Mars Global Surveyor Mission is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for the NASA Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.
Date 01/01/1999
NASA Center Goddard Space Flight Center
Neta Snook Southern
Title Neta Snook Southern
Full Description Neta Snook Southern, age 84, emerges from the Flight Simulator for Advanced Aircraft at Ames Research Center. Southern, one of the first women pilots, was Amelia Earharts flight instructor around the year 1920. In marked contrast with what she saw at Ames, Southern said her old plane was made of wood and cloth, had no gas gauge, and the instrument panel consisted of an altimeter and a dollar watch hanging from a hook.
Date 10/31/1980
NASA Center Ames Research Center
Pathfinder Air Bags
Title Pathfinder Air Bags
Full Description Engineers test huge, multi-lobed air bags, which will envelope and protect the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft before it impacts the surface of Mars. The air bags, manufactured by ILC Dover of Frederica, Delaware, are composed of four large bags with six smaller, interconnected spheres within each bag. The bags measure 5 meters (17 feet) tall and about 5 meters (17 feet) in diameter. As Pathfinder is descending to the Martian surface on a parachute, an onboard altimeter inside the lander will monitor its distance from the ground. The computer will inflate these large air bags about 100 meters (330 feet) above the surface of Mars. ILC Dover is the same company that manufactures spacesuits.
Date 06/14/1995
NASA Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Beach Erosion: Northeastward …
Title Beach Erosion: Northeastward View of Esplanade Drive in 1998
Completed 1999-01-01
ICESat Cloud Walls (south to …
Title ICESat Cloud Walls (south to north spiral camera path)
Abstract This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Cloud data can be seen over about 15 orbits on October 6, 2003. The data are initially laid out in the order that is was collected followed by continued movement around the scene. This version of the animation starts at the south pole and spirals slowly up to the north pole.
Completed 2004-10-07
ICESat Cloud Walls (south to …
Title ICESat Cloud Walls (south to north spiral camera path)
Abstract This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Cloud data can be seen over about 15 orbits on October 6, 2003. The data are initially laid out in the order that is was collected followed by continued movement around the scene. This version of the animation starts at the south pole and spirals slowly up to the north pole.
Completed 2004-10-07
ICESat Aerosols and Clouds o …
Title ICESat Aerosols and Clouds over Africa
Abstract This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Aerosol and cloud data are shown spanning 80 passes over the Africa region from October 4 through October 28 2003. The data are initially shown in the time order collected using an 8 day moving time window. After that, the first 40 passes are all shown at once and a flown over.
Completed 2005-03-03
ICESat Aerosols and Clouds o …
Title ICESat Aerosols and Clouds over Africa
Abstract This is an animation showing data from ICESat's Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). Aerosol and cloud data are shown spanning 80 passes over the Africa region from October 4 through October 28 2003. The data are initially shown in the time order collected using an 8 day moving time window. After that, the first 40 passes are all shown at once and a flown over.
Completed 2005-03-03
Greenland: East Coast Zoom-o …
Title Greenland: East Coast Zoom-out with Ice Data
Abstract Dark blue indicates large amounts of ice loss, and light blue indicates lesser amounts of ice loss. This animation is match-moved to animation #587.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: East Coast Zoom-o …
Title Greenland: East Coast Zoom-out with Ice Data
Abstract Dark blue indicates large amounts of ice loss, and light blue indicates lesser amounts of ice loss. This animation is match-moved to animation #587.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: East Coast Zoom-o …
Title Greenland: East Coast Zoom-out with Ice Data
Abstract Dark blue indicates large amounts of ice loss, and light blue indicates lesser amounts of ice loss. This animation is match-moved to animation #587.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: Single Flight Pat …
Title Greenland: Single Flight Path Showing Ice Change
Abstract One raw data swath over Greenland. Match-moved to animations #583 and #584.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: Single Flight Pat …
Title Greenland: Single Flight Path Showing Ice Change
Abstract One raw data swath over Greenland. Match-moved to animations #583 and #584.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: East Coast Zoom-d …
Title Greenland: East Coast Zoom-down without Ice Data
Abstract Match-moved to animation #586 and the reverse of #587.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: Ice Change
Title Greenland: Ice Change
Abstract This animation shows ice loss on Greenland via interpolated laser altimeter data. This animation has been match-moved to animations #583 and #582.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: Ice Change
Title Greenland: Ice Change
Abstract This animation shows ice loss on Greenland via interpolated laser altimeter data. This animation has been match-moved to animations #583 and #582.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: Ice Change
Title Greenland: Ice Change
Abstract This animation shows ice loss on Greenland via interpolated laser altimeter data. This animation has been match-moved to animations #583 and #582.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: Ice Change
Title Greenland: Ice Change
Abstract This animation shows ice loss on Greenland via interpolated laser altimeter data. This animation has been match-moved to animations #583 and #582.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: Ice Change
Title Greenland: Ice Change
Abstract This animation shows ice loss on Greenland via interpolated laser altimeter data. This animation has been match-moved to animations #583 and #582.
Completed 1999-03-04
Sea Surface Height Anomalies …
Title Sea Surface Height Anomalies during El Nino/La Nina Event of 1997-1998 (WMS)
Abstract The El Nino/La Nina event in 1997-1999 was particularly intense, but was also very well observed by satellites and buoys. Changes in the normal height of the ocean's surface were observed by the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter.
Completed 2005-03-31
Sea Surface Height Anomalies …
Title Sea Surface Height Anomalies during El Nino/La Nina Event of 1997-1998 (WMS)
Abstract The El Nino/La Nina event in 1997-1999 was particularly intense, but was also very well observed by satellites and buoys. Changes in the normal height of the ocean's surface were observed by the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter.
Completed 2005-03-31
El Niño: Sea Surface Tempera …
Title El Niño: Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Sea Surface Height Anomaly from Aug. 1996 to Aug. 1997
Completed 1997-08-25
Greenland: Top-down view of …
Title Greenland: Top-down view of Island tour with airplane tracks
Abstract Top-down view of Greenland Island tour.This animation shows the ice concentration in Greenland. The ice has decreased significantly (~50 cm/year) along the coast and increased slightly in the center (+2 cm/year). Researchers view this as yet another serious warning sign of the threat of global warming.
Completed 2000-06-25
Greenland: Top-down view of …
Title Greenland: Top-down view of Island tour with airplane tracks
Abstract Top-down view of Greenland Island tour.This animation shows the ice concentration in Greenland. The ice has decreased significantly (~50 cm/year) along the coast and increased slightly in the center (+2 cm/year). Researchers view this as yet another serious warning sign of the threat of global warming.
Completed 2000-06-25
Greenland: Top-down view of …
Title Greenland: Top-down view of Island tour with airplane tracks
Abstract Top-down view of Greenland Island tour.This animation shows the ice concentration in Greenland. The ice has decreased significantly (~50 cm/year) along the coast and increased slightly in the center (+2 cm/year). Researchers view this as yet another serious warning sign of the threat of global warming.
Completed 2000-06-25
Beach Erosion: Southern View …
Title Beach Erosion: Southern View of Esplanade Drive in 1998
Completed 1999-01-01
Beach Erosion: Southeastward …
Title Beach Erosion: Southeastward View of Esplanade Drive in 1998
Completed 1999-01-01
Sea Surface Height Anomaly, …
Title Sea Surface Height Anomaly, 2003-2005 (WMS)
Abstract Changes in the normal height of the ocean's surface were observed by the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter.
Completed 2005-07-13
Sea Surface Height Anomalies …
Title Sea Surface Height Anomalies Showing the Onslaught of El Niño: August 1, 1996 to August 3, 1997
Completed 1997-08-25
El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Alti …
Title El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Sea Level Anomaly from August 1, 1996 to August 3, 1997
Completed 1997-09-08
El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Alti …
Title El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Sea Level Anomaly from September 15, 1996 to September 21, 1997
Completed 1997-10-23
El Niño: Sea Surface Tempera …
Title El Niño: Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly and Sea Surface Height Anomaly from Aug. 1996 to Aug. 1997
Completed 1997-09-08
El Niño: SST Anomaly, Sea Su …
Title El Niño: SST Anomaly, Sea Surface Wind Anomaly, and SSH Anomaly from Sept 1996 to Sept 1997
Completed 1997-10-23
Greenland: Airplane Animatio …
Title Greenland: Airplane Animation Revealing Ice Change
Abstract This animation is match-moved to animation #581.
Completed 1999-03-04
Greenland: Airplane Animatio …
Title Greenland: Airplane Animation Revealing Ice Change
Abstract This animation is match-moved to animation #581.
Completed 1999-03-04
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Eng …
Title Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Englehardt's Subglacial Hydraulic System
Abstract ICESat satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003-2006 collected over West Antarctica reveal numerous regions of temporally varying elevation. MODIS satellite imagery over roughly the same time period collaborates where these subglacial fluctuations have occurred. These observations have led scientists to conclude that subglacial water movement is happening in this lake region, revealing a widespread, dynamic subglacial water system that could provide important insights into ice flow and the mass balance of Antarctica's ice.
Completed 2007-02-13
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Eng …
Title Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Englehardt's Subglacial Hydraulic System
Abstract ICESat satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003-2006 collected over West Antarctica reveal numerous regions of temporally varying elevation. MODIS satellite imagery over roughly the same time period collaborates where these subglacial fluctuations have occurred. These observations have led scientists to conclude that subglacial water movement is happening in this lake region, revealing a widespread, dynamic subglacial water system that could provide important insights into ice flow and the mass balance of Antarctica's ice.
Completed 2007-02-13
Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Eng …
Title Antarctic Plumbing: Lake Englehardt's Subglacial Hydraulic System
Abstract ICESat satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003-2006 collected over West Antarctica reveal numerous regions of temporally varying elevation. MODIS satellite imagery over roughly the same time period collaborates where these subglacial fluctuations have occurred. These observations have led scientists to conclude that subglacial water movement is happening in this lake region, revealing a widespread, dynamic subglacial water system that could provide important insights into ice flow and the mass balance of Antarctica's ice.
Completed 2007-02-13
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