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Floods in Gonaives, Haiti
Title Floods in Gonaives, Haiti
Description The floods that claimed the lives of at least 1,500 Haitians and left as many missing, also filled a large lake basin outside of Gonaives. The basin, which was a dry dust bowl on August 8, 2001, was still completely covered with water on October 3, 2004, two weeks after Hurricane Jeanne's heavy rains induced the flooding. Some of the water may have been present before the floods, but the recent influx of water has pushed the lake far beyond its shores. According to the Associated Press, the lake has covered the primary road connecting Gonaives to Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince, with over a meter (four feet) of water, making food delivery difficult. The road can be seen here, a blurred white line under the dark blue water. The grey area at the end of the road near the shore is Gonaives. These images were acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]). They were made by combining the infrared, near infrared, and red wavelengths (ASTER bands 4, 3, & 2). In this treatment, bare land appears pink, healthy croplands are light green, and concrete structures such as city buildings have a grey or deep purple tone. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory using data obtained courtesy of the of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ].
Floods in Gonaives, Haiti
Title Floods in Gonaives, Haiti
Description The floods that claimed the lives of at least 1,500 Haitians and left as many missing, also filled a large lake basin outside of Gonaives. The basin, which was a dry dust bowl on August 8, 2001, was still completely covered with water on October 3, 2004, two weeks after Hurricane Jeanne's heavy rains induced the flooding. Some of the water may have been present before the floods, but the recent influx of water has pushed the lake far beyond its shores. According to the Associated Press, the lake has covered the primary road connecting Gonaives to Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince, with over a meter (four feet) of water, making food delivery difficult. The road can be seen here, a blurred white line under the dark blue water. The grey area at the end of the road near the shore is Gonaives. These images were acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]). They were made by combining the infrared, near infrared, and red wavelengths (ASTER bands 4, 3, & 2). In this treatment, bare land appears pink, healthy croplands are light green, and concrete structures such as city buildings have a grey or deep purple tone. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory using data obtained courtesy of the of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ].
Bockfjorden
Title Bockfjorden
Description Far north within the Arctic Circle off the northern coast of Norway lies a small chain of islands known as Svalbard. These craggy islands have been scoured into shape by ice and sea. The effect of glacial activity can be seen in this image of the northern tip of the island of Spitsbergen. Here, glaciers have carved out a fjord, a U-shaped valley that has been flooded with sea water. Called Bockfjorden, the fjord is located at almost 80 degrees north, and it is still being affected by glaciers. The effect is most obvious in this image in the tan layer of silty freshwater that floats atop the denser blue water of the Arctic Ocean. The fresh water melts off land-bound glaciers and flows over the sandstone, collecting fine red-toned silt. In this image, the tan-colored fresh water flows northward up the fjord and is being pushed to the east side of the fjord by the rotation of the Earth. Glaciers here and elsewhere on Spitsbergen are cold bottom glaciers, which means that they are frozen to the ground rather than floating on top of a thin layer of melt water. The glaciers are also land glaciers since their terminus (end) lies on land, rather than floating on the water (a tidewater glacier). Land glaciers grow and retreat slowly, balancing fresh snow with the melting and draining of old ice. Their rate of growth or retreat can be affected by global warming. In most cases, including the glaciers around Bockfjorden, global warming has caused glaciers to retreat from increased melting. On the eastern side of Svalbard, however, glaciers are growing from enhanced snowfall. The reason for this pattern remains only one of many intriguing unanswered questions of Arctic science in the islands. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this false-color image on June 26, 2001. The image was created by combining near-infrared, red, and green wavelenghts (ASTER bands 3, 2, & 1 respectively). NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the Goddard Earth Sciences DAAC [ http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ] courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Deadly Earthquake, Xianjing …
Title Deadly Earthquake, Xianjing Province, China
Description A destructive earthquake of magnitude 6.4 rattled China?s Xinjiang province at 10:04 AM (local time) on February 24, 2003. Over 250 people were killed. This remote, flat, and mostly featureless area of western China (called the Tarim Basin by geologists) is different from most other regions with frequent earthquakes. Typical seismically active areas are mountainous, like Alaska and coastal California, and lie along the boundaries of tectonic plates. In contrast, the Tarim Basin (which lies on the Eurasian Plate) remains flat while it is being squeezed by the motion of the Indian Plate?which is 1000 km (620 miles) away. Instead of deforming into belts of mountain ranges, the Tarim Basin is transmitting force applied by the Indian Plate to the interior of Asia, where the Tian Shan mountains are rising. The Tian Shan can be seen at the top edge of the large image. The approximate epicenter of the earthquake is represented by a white dot in this image, acquired on August 29, 2001, (before the earthquake) by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). ASTER is an instrument aboard NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite. The false-color image combines near-infrared, red, and green wavelengths. Crops, almost certainly irrigated, appear red in this scene, while barren landscape appears brown. Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Heavy Rains and Floods in Au …
Title Heavy Rains and Floods in Australia
Description Australia?s recent floods have breathed life into the normally dry, seasonal wetlands in the continent?s interior. Lake Yamma Yamma, shown above, is a shallow depression just west of the Cooper Creek floodplain in southwestern Queensland. The lake is usually a dry desert bowl, a playa lake, that collects water only when Cooper Creek floods. This year, Yamma Yamma has become an inland sea measuring 20 kilometers (12 miles) across. These images, taken by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] (ASTER) on the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite, contrast this year?s shorelines with the lake?s extent in 2001. Old shorelines show that the basin is not as full as it has been in the past, but Lake Yamma Yamma is clearly fuller this year than in 2001. Though the lake is shallow, it covers a large area and can hold a large volume of water. The influx of water into Lake Yamma Yamma and other interior lakes brings fish and a variety of birds to the outback. Pelicans, swans, ducks, and other bird species flock to the new water sources in the desert. Another sign of new life is the ring of red along the shore where new vegetation is growing. In this false-color infrared image, green plants appear red. Other lakes in Australia?s interior have also benefited from the floods. At the end of the Cooper Creek flood basin, Lake Eyre, Australia?s largest lake, has begun to fill for the first time in four years. The high-resolution images provided above are at ASTER?s full resolution of 15 meters per pixel. Image courtesy Jesse Allen based on data from the U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Heavy Rains and Floods in Au …
Title Heavy Rains and Floods in Australia
Description Australia?s recent floods have breathed life into the normally dry, seasonal wetlands in the continent?s interior. Lake Yamma Yamma, shown above, is a shallow depression just west of the Cooper Creek floodplain in southwestern Queensland. The lake is usually a dry desert bowl, a playa lake, that collects water only when Cooper Creek floods. This year, Yamma Yamma has become an inland sea measuring 20 kilometers (12 miles) across. These images, taken by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] (ASTER) on the Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite, contrast this year?s shorelines with the lake?s extent in 2001. Old shorelines show that the basin is not as full as it has been in the past, but Lake Yamma Yamma is clearly fuller this year than in 2001. Though the lake is shallow, it covers a large area and can hold a large volume of water. The influx of water into Lake Yamma Yamma and other interior lakes brings fish and a variety of birds to the outback. Pelicans, swans, ducks, and other bird species flock to the new water sources in the desert. Another sign of new life is the ring of red along the shore where new vegetation is growing. In this false-color infrared image, green plants appear red. Other lakes in Australia?s interior have also benefited from the floods. At the end of the Cooper Creek flood basin, Lake Eyre, Australia?s largest lake, has begun to fill for the first time in four years. The high-resolution images provided above are at ASTER?s full resolution of 15 meters per pixel. Image courtesy Jesse Allen based on data from the U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Hurricane Katrina Erodes the …
Title Hurricane Katrina Erodes the U.S. Gulf Coast
Description A fringe of barrier islands line the coast of Mississippi, protecting the mainland from the pounding waves of most ocean storms, but the islands could not shelter the mainland from Hurricane Katrina's exceptionally powerful storm surge. The battering waves ate away at the islands, permanently altering their shape. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]) captured the top image of East and West Ship Islands and Cat Island on September 8, 2005. The lower image is made up of two difference ASTER scenes. The scene on the left was acquired on June 4, 2005, while the scene on the right was taken on April 22, 2001. A diagonal line where the ocean changes color indicates the division between the two images. The most dramatic change can be seen in East Ship Island. Compared to April 2001, most of East Ship Island has disappeared beneath the ocean by September 8, 2005. Some of the erosion may have occurred in other storms between 2001 and 2005, but Katrina is probably responsible for much of the damage. The ghost shores of the island are faintly visible under the water as a lighter shade of blue. West Ship Island, which hosts a civil war fort and a historic lighthouse, and Cat Island have also shrunk slightly. The southern tip of Cat Island is missing and the pointed tips of Ship Island have been rounded out. The section of the northwestern shore that holds the lighthouse and fort seems to be unchanged. East and West Ship Islands are no strangers to the type of erosion Katrina inflicted on them. The islands had been a single island until Hurricane Camille cleft it in two in 1969. In general, barrier islands are constantly changing, their shorelines building and eroding at remarkable speed, with dramatic change occurring routinely when powerful storms strike. In competition with nature, humans also have a large impact on barrier islands. Such islands are popular vacation spots. Construction can interfere with beach building and can degrade the vegetation that anchors dunes on the islands. Of the barrier islands along the U.S. coast, East Ship Island is one of the few that remains in its natural state, unchanged by population. To preserve the islands, Congress added them to Gulf Islands National Seashore [ http://www.nps.gov/guis/extended/MIS/MNature/Islands.htm ], the United States' largest national seashore, under the National Park Service. Cat Island forms the western boundary of the park, which consists of a string of islands along the Mississippi and Florida coasts, including East and West Ship Island. NASA images courtesy Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Hurricane Katrina Erodes the …
Title Hurricane Katrina Erodes the U.S. Gulf Coast
Description A fringe of barrier islands line the coast of Mississippi, protecting the mainland from the pounding waves of most ocean storms, but the islands could not shelter the mainland from Hurricane Katrina's exceptionally powerful storm surge. The battering waves ate away at the islands, permanently altering their shape. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]) captured the top image of East and West Ship Islands and Cat Island on September 8, 2005. The lower image is made up of two difference ASTER scenes. The scene on the left was acquired on June 4, 2005, while the scene on the right was taken on April 22, 2001. A diagonal line where the ocean changes color indicates the division between the two images. The most dramatic change can be seen in East Ship Island. Compared to April 2001, most of East Ship Island has disappeared beneath the ocean by September 8, 2005. Some of the erosion may have occurred in other storms between 2001 and 2005, but Katrina is probably responsible for much of the damage. The ghost shores of the island are faintly visible under the water as a lighter shade of blue. West Ship Island, which hosts a civil war fort and a historic lighthouse, and Cat Island have also shrunk slightly. The southern tip of Cat Island is missing and the pointed tips of Ship Island have been rounded out. The section of the northwestern shore that holds the lighthouse and fort seems to be unchanged. East and West Ship Islands are no strangers to the type of erosion Katrina inflicted on them. The islands had been a single island until Hurricane Camille cleft it in two in 1969. In general, barrier islands are constantly changing, their shorelines building and eroding at remarkable speed, with dramatic change occurring routinely when powerful storms strike. In competition with nature, humans also have a large impact on barrier islands. Such islands are popular vacation spots. Construction can interfere with beach building and can degrade the vegetation that anchors dunes on the islands. Of the barrier islands along the U.S. coast, East Ship Island is one of the few that remains in its natural state, unchanged by population. To preserve the islands, Congress added them to Gulf Islands National Seashore [ http://www.nps.gov/guis/extended/MIS/MNature/Islands.htm ], the United States' largest national seashore, under the National Park Service. Cat Island forms the western boundary of the park, which consists of a string of islands along the Mississippi and Florida coasts, including East and West Ship Island. NASA images courtesy Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Hurricane Katrina Erodes the …
Title Hurricane Katrina Erodes the U.S. Gulf Coast
Description A fringe of barrier islands line the coast of Mississippi, protecting the mainland from the pounding waves of most ocean storms, but the islands could not shelter the mainland from Hurricane Katrina's exceptionally powerful storm surge. The battering waves ate away at the islands, permanently altering their shape. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]) captured the top image of East and West Ship Islands and Cat Island on September 8, 2005. The lower image is made up of two difference ASTER scenes. The scene on the left was acquired on June 4, 2005, while the scene on the right was taken on April 22, 2001. A diagonal line where the ocean changes color indicates the division between the two images. The most dramatic change can be seen in East Ship Island. Compared to April 2001, most of East Ship Island has disappeared beneath the ocean by September 8, 2005. Some of the erosion may have occurred in other storms between 2001 and 2005, but Katrina is probably responsible for much of the damage. The ghost shores of the island are faintly visible under the water as a lighter shade of blue. West Ship Island, which hosts a civil war fort and a historic lighthouse, and Cat Island have also shrunk slightly. The southern tip of Cat Island is missing and the pointed tips of Ship Island have been rounded out. The section of the northwestern shore that holds the lighthouse and fort seems to be unchanged. East and West Ship Islands are no strangers to the type of erosion Katrina inflicted on them. The islands had been a single island until Hurricane Camille cleft it in two in 1969. In general, barrier islands are constantly changing, their shorelines building and eroding at remarkable speed, with dramatic change occurring routinely when powerful storms strike. In competition with nature, humans also have a large impact on barrier islands. Such islands are popular vacation spots. Construction can interfere with beach building and can degrade the vegetation that anchors dunes on the islands. Of the barrier islands along the U.S. coast, East Ship Island is one of the few that remains in its natural state, unchanged by population. To preserve the islands, Congress added them to Gulf Islands National Seashore [ http://www.nps.gov/guis/extended/MIS/MNature/Islands.htm ], the United States' largest national seashore, under the National Park Service. Cat Island forms the western boundary of the park, which consists of a string of islands along the Mississippi and Florida coasts, including East and West Ship Island. NASA images courtesy Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Hurricane Rita Floods U.S. G …
Title Hurricane Rita Floods U.S. Gulf Coast
Description The Neches River flows 670 kilometers (416 miles) through Texas before pouring into Sabine Lake and then the Gulf of Mexico. In its final few kilometers, the river passes through Beaumont, Texas, one of the largest oil refining regions in East Texas. The river is an important conduit from the oil refineries to the Gulf of Mexico and the world. Beaumont and the Neches River were also almost directly in Hurricane Rita's path when it came ashore on September 24, 2005. There are some obvious signs of damage in the top image, collected by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite on September 27, 2005. Several permanent structures had been built in the bulge in the river shown here. The structures, probably related to the region's oil industry, were tossed in Rita's strong winds, heavy rains, and battering waves. Their positions have shifted compared to their locations on April 18, 2001, lower image. Some of the structures are clearly broken, with sections missing. Along the shore, dark flood water surrounds a series of circular buildings. These ASTER images are shown in false color. Vegetation is red, and water is dark blue. The large images extend from Beaumont in the north to the Gulf of Mexico. Additional flooding is evident near the Gulf in the large images. NASA images courtesy Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Hurricane Rita Floods U.S. G …
Title Hurricane Rita Floods U.S. Gulf Coast
Description The Neches River flows 670 kilometers (416 miles) through Texas before pouring into Sabine Lake and then the Gulf of Mexico. In its final few kilometers, the river passes through Beaumont, Texas, one of the largest oil refining regions in East Texas. The river is an important conduit from the oil refineries to the Gulf of Mexico and the world. Beaumont and the Neches River were also almost directly in Hurricane Rita's path when it came ashore on September 24, 2005. There are some obvious signs of damage in the top image, collected by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite on September 27, 2005. Several permanent structures had been built in the bulge in the river shown here. The structures, probably related to the region's oil industry, were tossed in Rita's strong winds, heavy rains, and battering waves. Their positions have shifted compared to their locations on April 18, 2001, lower image. Some of the structures are clearly broken, with sections missing. Along the shore, dark flood water surrounds a series of circular buildings. These ASTER images are shown in false color. Vegetation is red, and water is dark blue. The large images extend from Beaumont in the north to the Gulf of Mexico. Additional flooding is evident near the Gulf in the large images. NASA images courtesy Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
El Misti Volcano and the Cit …
Title El Misti Volcano and the City of Arequipa, Peru
Description *additional images and animations:* ÿÿÿhigh-resolution image (650 kb JPEG) ÿÿÿsmall animation (1.9 MB Quicktime) ÿÿÿlarge animation (10.4 MB Quicktime) This three-dimensional perspective view was created from an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Model combined with a simulated natural color ASTER image, acquired July 13, 2001. It shows El Misti volcano towering 5822 meters high above the second city of Peru, Arequipa, with a population of more than one million. Geologic studies indicate that El Misti has had five minor eruptions this century, and a major eruption in the 15th century when residents were forced to flee the city. Despite the obvious hazard, civil defense authorities see it as a remote danger, and city planners are not avoiding development on the volcano side of the city. This view shows human development extending up the flanks of the volcano along gullies which would form natural channels for flows of lava, superheated ash and gas, or melted ice, snow, and mud from the summit snowfield in the event of an eruption. Image by Mike Abrams, NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/redirect?http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Lake Natron, Tanzania
Title Lake Natron, Tanzania
Description Lake Natron, in Africa's Great Rift Valley, practically sends a warning with its color. This bright red lake is the world's most caustic body of water, but not to everything. An endemic species of fish, the alkaline tilapia, lives along the edges of the hotspring inlets, and the lake actually derives its color from salt-loving microorganisms that thrive in its alkaline waters. Spirulina, a blue-green algae with red pigments, passes its pigments along to the Lesser Flamingoes [ http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/firebird/html/facts.html ] that feed on the algae and raise their young here. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) flying on the Terra satellite captured this image on March 8, 2003. This image simulates natural color, showing where the salt-loving microorganisms have colored the lake's salt crust red or pink. The salt crust changes over time, giving the lake a slightly different appearance each time it is photographed by astronauts or imaged by satellites. Volcanic ash from the Great Rift Valley has collected in local lake basins, creating a network of soda lakes hostile to most organisms. This forbidding environment enables Lake Natron to serve millions of flamingoes as the ideal nursery, would-be predators avoid the saline lake and leave young birds in peace. Flamingoes must exercise caution, however, because the lake can turn deadly even to them. Depending on rainfall, its alkalinity can approach that of straight ammonia, and when the lake is flooded with water that has heated underground, its temperature can reach a scalding 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit). The uniqueness [ http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0901_full.html ] of Lake Natron prompted Tanzania to add the lake to the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance on July 4, 2001. NASA image courtesy NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Mount Belinda Erupts
Title Mount Belinda Erupts
Description The first recorded eruption of Mount Belinda Volcano, on Montagu Island in the remote South Sandwich Islands, began in October 2001. The eruption was first detected by the MODIS Thermal Alert System (MODVOLC), [ http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/ ] an automated volcano alert system based on thermal anomalies, or "hot spots," detected in satellite data. The first visual confirmation of the eruption came from ships that passed the islands in February and March 2003, at which time the volcano was still erupting. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ] flying onboard NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite captured this image of Mount Belinda on September 23, 2005. In this false-color image, red indicates hot areas, blue indicates snow, white indicates steam, and gray indicates volcanic ash. An increase in activity in the fall of 2005 has produced an active 3.5-kilometer-long lava flow, extending from the summit cone of Mount Belinda all the way down into the sea. The flow spreads northeast from the volcanic vent, and then becomes diverted due north by a narrow, rocky ridge, or arete. A 90-meter-wide lava channel appears 1 kilometer from the summit. Where the hot lava reaches the ocean, the water sends up a steam plume. On October 11, 2005, the crew of a British Royal Air Force flight observed a steam plume in the same area, suggesting the lava was still flowing. Mount Belinda has been in a persistent state of eruption since 2001, and is now entering its fifth year of activity. Far from slowing down, the activity throughout 2005 marks the highest levels yet, according to MODVOLC. The volcano's radiant heat output spiked near the beginning of the year and again in the autumn (Northern Hemisphere). Mount Belinda is a stratovolcano, a steep volcano built from hardened lava flows and volcanic ash over a period of tens to hundreds of thousands of years. Its fiery summit is surrounded by ice. Not far from the frigid continent of Antarctica, the South Sandwich Islands [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16437 ] are one of the Earth's most remote areas of volcanic activity. Consequently, they are rarely viewed from the ground, remote sensing plays a vital role in monitoring this highly active volcanic arc. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory and the HIGP Thermal Alerts Team. Image analysis by John Smellie, British Antarctic Survey, and Matt Patrick, HIGP Thermal Alerts Team.
Ongoing Eruption of Mount Be …
Title Ongoing Eruption of Mount Belinda
Description *Ongoing Eruption of Mount Belinda* On October 20, 2001, the satellite monitoring system (called ?MODVOLC?) at the University of Hawaii-Manoa detected the first recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano on Montagu Island in the remote South Sandwich Islands. Previously, there had been no historical record of any volcanic activity on Montagu Island. But scientists were able to detect the heat escaping from Mount Belinda using thermal data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/modis.gsfc.nasa.gov ] (MODIS), flying aboard NASA?s Terra and Aqua satellites. Above is a false-color image acquired on December 7, 2003, by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), another sensor onboard Terra. The image (made using ASTER bands 3, 2, and 1) shows the eruption of Mount Belinda has progressed steadily for an impressive two years, with low-level ash emission and a 2-km long lava flow emplaced on the ice shelf on the north side of the summit. Heat output from the volcano, which is an automated product of the MODVOLC system, is shown in the graph below. The plot indicates that, far from diminishing, the eruption reached its highest intensity in October 2003. The South Sandwich Islands, [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16437 ] situated approximately between the southern tip of South America and mainland Antarctica, comprise one of the most remote volcanic areas on Earth, and are probably not viewed on more than a few days each year. Due to this inaccessibility, satellite monitoring is the only viable means to keep track of this highly active volcanic arc. Data provided by the HIGP Thermal Alerts Team, [ http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/ ] University of Hawaii-Manoa. ASTER image courtesy NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
San Marino Enclave in Italy
Title San Marino Enclave in Italy
Description With an area of just 61 square kilometers (23.5 square miles), Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino (Italian for "Most Serene Republic of San Marino") is the third-littlest country in Europe, behind Monaco and Vatican City. With a population of just over 28,000 as of January 2005, it is also one of the least populous nations in the world. Located in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, near the Adriatic Sea, this tiny nation is surrounded by Italy. On June 7, 2001, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov ] on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov ] satellite took this picture of San Marino and the part of Italy immediately surrounding it. The image shows a combination of vegetation (bright green), and buildings, pavement, and bare rock (blue-gray to white). Purplish-gray polygons are probably fallow agricultural land. Overhead, fluffy white clouds cast their charcoal-colored shadows over the land surface. The Apennine Mountains give the region a rough terrain, and the limestone Monte Titano dominates the area, with a fort perched on each of the mountain's three summits. According to legend, San Marino [ http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565721/San_Marino.html ] is the world's oldest surviving republic, dating back to 301. The original city sits atop Monte Titano. Today, however, development has spread throughout the republic, evidenced by the many areas of blue-gray and the meandering roads. Tourism has brought prosperity to this small republic, but historically, its rugged terrain and lack of wealth may have helped it escape the unwanted attention of potential invaders. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and the U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Tornado Hits La Plata, Maryl …
Title Tornado Hits La Plata, Maryland
Description On Sunday, April 28, an F4 tornado cut an east-west path through La Plata, Maryland, killing 3 and injuring more than 100. These two images show a 6 x 17.8 km area centered on the town. The top image was acquired on May 12, 2001, and the bottom on May 3, 2002. The bands used for the image portray vegetation in red, and bare fields and urban areas in blue-green. The dark turquoise swath cutting across the 2002 image is the track of the tornado, where the vegetation was ripped up and removed. These images were acquired on May 3, 2002, and May 12, 2001 by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA's Terra [ http://terra.nasa.gov/ ] satellite. With its 14 spectral bands from the visible to the thermal infrared wavelength region, and its high spatial resolution of 15 to 90 meters (about 50 to 300 feet), ASTER will image Earth for the next six years to map and monitor the changing surface of our planet. NASA image provided courtesy of METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. [ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]
Floods in Gonaives, Haiti
Title Floods in Gonaives, Haiti
Description *Floods in Gonaives, Haiti* The wall of water that descended on Gonaives, Haiti, following Tropical Storm Jeanne on September 18, 2004, also scoured out a broad channel in the landscape. The violence of the floods is apparent in the above false-color images, acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) before and after the floods. The rush of water has left a silvery path of gravel and mud that is as much as 500 meters wide starting about 15 kilometers upstream of the city. As the water approached the less mountainous coast where Gonaives is located, it fanned out over the plain. The primary path of the flood seems to take the water into Gonaives and the land to its immediate north. In the pre-flood image, acquired on August 8, 2001, the city is the gray region in the lower left corner. In the image acquired on September 26, 2004, the city is obscured by the blue-green sediment left by the flood water. To the east of Gonaives, some of the flood water has filled a lake basin, the top of which is visible in the lower right corner of the image. The thin white line across the bottom of the image is a road leading to Gonaives. The road has been submerged in the lake basin, though is still visible beneath the dark blue water. In these false-color images, vegetation is bright red and water is black. Bare land is white and light blue. Clearly the hills around the city are bare, one of the primary reasons for the floods. Without trees to slow and absorb rainfall, the water rushed into depressions in the land and poured to the ocean beyond Gonaives. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory using data obtained courtesy of the of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]. Image interpretation courtesy Dr. Bob Brakenridge, Dartmouth Flood Observatory [ http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7efloods/ ]
Floods in Gonaives, Haiti
Title Floods in Gonaives, Haiti
Description *Floods in Gonaives, Haiti* The wall of water that descended on Gonaives, Haiti, following Tropical Storm Jeanne on September 18, 2004, also scoured out a broad channel in the landscape. The violence of the floods is apparent in the above false-color images, acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) before and after the floods. The rush of water has left a silvery path of gravel and mud that is as much as 500 meters wide starting about 15 kilometers upstream of the city. As the water approached the less mountainous coast where Gonaives is located, it fanned out over the plain. The primary path of the flood seems to take the water into Gonaives and the land to its immediate north. In the pre-flood image, acquired on August 8, 2001, the city is the gray region in the lower left corner. In the image acquired on September 26, 2004, the city is obscured by the blue-green sediment left by the flood water. To the east of Gonaives, some of the flood water has filled a lake basin, the top of which is visible in the lower right corner of the image. The thin white line across the bottom of the image is a road leading to Gonaives. The road has been submerged in the lake basin, though is still visible beneath the dark blue water. In these false-color images, vegetation is bright red and water is black. Bare land is white and light blue. Clearly the hills around the city are bare, one of the primary reasons for the floods. Without trees to slow and absorb rainfall, the water rushed into depressions in the land and poured to the ocean beyond Gonaives. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory using data obtained courtesy of the of NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team [ http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ]. Image interpretation courtesy Dr. Bob Brakenridge, Dartmouth Flood Observatory [ http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7efloods/ ]
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mediatype IMAGE
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date 2001-08-29
creator NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team
identifier yuba_ast_2001241
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date 2001-03-14
creator NASA -- NASA image courtesy the NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team
identifier Dover_AST_2001073
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mediatype IMAGE
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date 2001-09-10
creator NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team
identifier nebraska-sand.AST2001253
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date 2001-06-13
creator NASA -- Image courtesy NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team
identifier Atlas_TAS20010613
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mediatype IMAGE
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date 2001
creator NASA -- Image by Robert Simmon, based on data provided by the eo1.gsfc.nasa.gov/ EO-1 Science Team
identifier ali_bruneau
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mediatype IMAGE
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date 2001-10-28
creator NASA -- Image provided by the edc.usgs.gov/ USGS EROS Data Center Satellite Systems Branch as part of the Earth as Art II image series
identifier aster_andes_artii
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date 2001-04-01
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identifier aster_mayon_comparison
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date 2001-08-24
creator NASA -- NASA images created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data provided courtesy of the NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team.
identifier rhone_ast_2001236
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date 2001
creator NASA -- Images courtesy NASA/GSFC/MITI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team.
identifier aster_powerplant
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identifier dagze_co
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date 2001
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date 2001-10-28
creator NASA -- Image courtesy the U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team.
identifier fl-keys
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mediatype IMAGE
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date 2001-12-09
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identifier Venice_TAS2001347
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date 2001-05-12
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identifier ASTER_LaPlata
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identifier PIA04301
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date 2001-08-17
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identifier aster_centerpivot
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date 2001-07-23
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identifier PIA02679
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date 2001-02-01
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identifier olduvai_ast_2001032
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date 2001-05-24
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identifier MissDelta_TAS2001144
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identifier aster_arequipa
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identifier niagara_ast_2001251
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identifier ge_05921
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identifier ge_05921
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identifier ge_04965
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date 2001-11-30
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identifier ge_04965
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date 2001-09-04
creator NASA -- NASA image provided courtesy of NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and the U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team.
identifier ge_08114
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date 2001-09-04
creator NASA -- NASA image provided courtesy of NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and the U.S./Japan asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/ ASTER Science Team.
identifier ge_08114
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identifier aster_bhuj
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date 2001
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identifier Colorado.A2001158.1840
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