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The Colorful Clouds of Rho O …
Title The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi
Explanation The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi [ http://www.seds.org/billa/twn/antx.html ] (oh'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there. The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light. Blue light from the star Rho Ophiuchi [ http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/image_galleries/legacy/iras_rhooph_gc/captio n.html ] and nearby stars reflects [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/reflection_nebulae.html ] more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light. The Earth's daytime sky appears blue [ http://www.why-is-the-sky-blue.org/why-is-the-sky-blue.html ] for the same reason. The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/emission_nebulae.html ] from the nebula's atomic and molecular gas. Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star Antares [ http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/antares.html ] - knocks electrons [ http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/welect.html ] away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas. The dark regions [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030202.html ] are caused by dust grains [ http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Mathis/Mathis1.html ] - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them. The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000521.html ], well in front of the globular cluster [ http://www.seds.org/messier/glob.html ] M4 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000523.html ] visible above [ http://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/antares.html ] on far lower left, are even more colorful than humans can see [ http://www.colormatters.com/optics.html ] - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html ] from the radio [ http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/radio.html ] to the gamma-ray [ http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/gamma.html ].
The Milky Way at 5000 Meters
Title The Milky Way at 5000 Meters
Explanation Climb up to 5000 meters (16,500 feet) above sea level, near Cerro Chajnantor [ http://www.alma.nrao.edu/development/site/Chajnantor/ photos/ ] in the northern Chilean Andes [ http://www.solarviews.com/cap/earth/chile.htm ], and your night sky could encompass this cosmic vista. Recorded from that high and dry locale [ http://www.alma.nrao.edu/development/site/ ], the spectacular fish-eye image features the myriad stars and sprawling dust clouds of our Milky Way Galaxy [ http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galaxy.html ]. The direction toward the center of the Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070210.html ] is near the zenith and center of the picture, but the Galactic Center [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap021018.html ] itself is hidden from view, located far behind the obscuring dust. Brilliant Jupiter rules this scene just above the Milky Way's [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap071020.html ] central bulge with the noticeably fainter, yellowish, giant star Antares [ http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/antares.html ] to its right. Small and faint, near the right edge of the picture is one of the Milky Way's many satellite galaxies [ http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/sattelit.html ], the Small Magellanic Cloud [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050617.html ]. The Amateur Astronomers Association of New York Presents: APOD Editor's Lecture: Tonight [ http://www.aaa.org/ ] - American Museum of Natural History
The Colorful Clouds of Rho O …
Title The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi
Explanation The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi [ http://www.seds.org/billa/twn/ant.html ] (oh'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there. The blue regions [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/reflection.html ] shine primarily by reflected light. Blue light from the star rho Ophiuchi and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light. The Earth's daytime sky appears blue for the same reason. The red and yellow regions [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/emission.html ] shine primarily because of emission of the nebula's atomic and molecular gas [ http://donald.phast.umass.edu/latex/oph/oph.html ]. Light from nearby stars - particularly the bright star Antares [ http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/hr/6134.html ] in this case - knocks electrons [ http://pdg.lbl.gov/cpep/adventure.html ] away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#hydrogen ]. The dark regions are caused by dust grains [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/lib/glossary.html#dust ] - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them. The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds [ http://www-astro.phast.umass.edu/latex/oph/section3_3.html ], well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible on far lower left, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band [ http://www.astro.washington.edu/strobel/lightnotes/lightnotes.html ] from the radio to the gamma-ray.
Mt. Etna Lava Plumes
Title Mt. Etna Lava Plumes
Explanation Mt. Etna [ http://www.volcanolive.com/etna.html ] has been erupting for hundreds of thousands of years. Located in Sicily [ http://www.siol.it/Ricerca/Sicily_map.htm ], Italy [ http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/it.html ], the volcano [ http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/etna.html ] produces lava fountains over one kilometer high. Mt. Etna [ http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/etna/ ] is not only one of the most active volcanoes [ http://www.volcanolive.com/active2.html ] on Earth [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010204.html ], it is one of the largest, measuring over 50 kilometers at its base and rising nearly 3 kilometers high. Pictured in 2001 May, the tops of two lava plumes [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020121.html ] are visible near the center of the frame, while hot lava [ http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/glossary.html#lava ] flowing down the volcano [ http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/ ] is visible on the left. This panoramic shot [ http://www.educeth.ch/stromboli/etna/etna01/etna0105-en.html ] also includes the city lights of Calabria and Taormina on the left, and Catania on the right. The Earth's rotation [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010110.html ] is discernable on this long duration image [ http://www.educeth.ch/stromboli/etna/etna01/etna0105-en.html ] as star trails [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000905.html ]. Orange Mars [ http://www.nineplanets.org/mars.html ] can be seen rising just below the star Antares [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980726.html ] far in the distance.
Venus On The Horizon
Title Venus On The Horizon
Explanation The month of October [ http://www.skypub.com/whatsup/oct97sky.html ] features a sky full of planets, including Venus as the brilliant evening star. Besides the sun and moon, Venus is the brightest object [ http://www.seds.org/billa/nineplanets/venus.html ] visible in Earth's sky. This month, Venus appears in early evening near the red planet Mars [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970528.html ] and Mars' red giant rival Antares [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970922.html ] above the southwestern horizon. Because it is closer to the sun than Earth, Venus never strays far from the sun in its apparent position [ http://quasar.as.utexas.edu/courses/ast309/misc/DresdenCodex.html ] and is seen during the year as either a bright morning or evening star [ http://rowlf.cc.wwu.edu:8080/~skywise/legends.html#Evening Star ]. This beautiful sunset imaged from low earth orbit by the Atlantis space shuttle [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/atlantis.html ] crew in May 1989 also reveals the planet Venus blazing above Earth's horizon. It is a fitting image [ http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/STS30/10063311.htm ] for this mission and crew [ http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-30/sts-30-press-kit.txt ]. It was recorded following the successful release of the robot Venus-explorer Magellan [ http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/magellan.html ], the first planetary probe to be deployed from a space shuttle.
The Colorful Clouds of Rho O …
Title The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi
Explanation The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi [ http://www.seds.org/billa/twn/antx.html ] (oh'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there. The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light. Blue light from the star Rho Ophiuchi [ http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/image_galleries/legacy/iras_rhooph_gc/caption.html ] and nearby stars reflects [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/reflection_nebulae.html ] more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light. The Earth's daytime sky appears blue [ http://www.why-is-the-sky-blue.org/why-is-the-sky-blue.html ] for the same reason. The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/emission_nebulae.html ] from the nebula's atomic and molecular gas. Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star Antares [ http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/antares.html ] - knocks electrons [ http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/welect.html ] away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas. The dark regions [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030202.html ] are caused by dust grains [ http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Mathis/Mathis1.html ] - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them. The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000521.html ], well in front of the globular cluster [ http://www.seds.org/messier/glob.html ] M4 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000523.html ] visible above [ http://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/antares.html ] on far lower left, are even more colorful than humans can see [ http://www.colormatters.com/optics.html ] - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band [ http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html ] from the radio [ http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/radio.html ] to the gamma-ray [ http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/gamma.html ].
Comet Hyakutake and the Milk …
Title Comet Hyakutake and the Milky Way
Explanation Two years ago, the Great Comet of 1996 [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960208.html ], Comet Hyakutake [ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/comet/hyakutake/ ], inched across our northern sky during its long orbit [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960314.html ] around the Sun [ http://www.seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/sol.html ]. Visible above as the bright spot with the faint tail [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960326.html ] near the picture [ http://www.psiaz.com/polakis/gco/gco.html ]'s center, Comet Hyakutake [ http://encke.jpl.nasa.gov/comets_long/96B2.html ] shares the stage with part of the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970517.html ], prominent in the picture's upper right. Also visible are Antares [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980726.html ], the bright orange star in the upper right, Arcturus [ http://www.windows.umich.edu/the_universe/Arcturus.html ], the bright star on the lower left, and the Pipe Nebula [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970621.html ], which is perhaps harder to find. Comet Hyakutake [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/index/Hyakutake.html ]'s unusually close approach [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960325.html ] to the Earth [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980204.html ] allowed astronomers to learn many things, including that comets can emit much X-ray light [ http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap960411.html ].
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