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nasa new
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nasa new
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image
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image
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nasa
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nasa
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nasaimageofthedaygal lery
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nasaimageofthedaygal lery
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title:
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Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Kilauea: Image of the Day
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Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Kilauea: Image of the Day
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description:
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Kilauea is one of the world's most active volcanoes, but it is of the sort that tends to ooze lava more often than it explodes. Until March 19, 2008, the last explosive eruption from the Halema`uma`u Crater, the summit crater, occurred in 1924. But starting on March 19, a small explosion from the crater rained rock and ash over the summit. The explosion heralded further activity at the summit, including a two- to four-fold increase in the amount of sulfur dioxide seeping from the volcano. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory warned on March 28 that sulfur dioxide concentrations in the air downwind from the volcano were likely to be hazardous, particularly to children or those with asthma or other breathing difficulties. Even before the March 19 explosion, elevated sulfur dioxide levels prompted the National Park Service to close part of Crater Rim Drive starting in mid-February.
The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Aura satellite recorded the increase in sulfur dioxide rising out of Kilauea between March 20 and March 27, 2008, top. Throughout the period, the easterly trade winds swept a long plume of sulfur dioxide south and west, away from major populated areas. The highest concentrations of the gas are shown in red. The lower image shows more typical sulfur dioxide levels as observed between March 1 and March 7, 2008. This plume is much smaller and contains significantly less sulfur dioxide.
OMI measures sulfur dioxide in Dobson Units. If you could compress all the sulfur dioxide in a column of the atmosphere into a flat layer at the Earth's surface (at 0 degrees Celsius), one Dobson Unit of the gas would be 0.01 millimeters thick, and it would contain 0.0285 grams of sulfur dioxide per square meter.
In addition to its potential public health impacts, sulfur dioxide can also affect climate. During explosive eruptions, volcanic gases and particles may reach altitudes of more than 12 miles (20 kilometers). Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with water in the atmosphere to make sulfate aerosol particles. These light-colored particles can linger in the stratosphere for months following a big eruption, reflecting sunlight and cooling Earth.
* Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park. (2008, March 21). www.nps.gov/havo/clo sed_areas.htm Closed areas and advisories. National Park Service. Accessed March 28, 2008. * Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2008, March 28). volcano.wr.usgs.gov/ kilaueastatus.php Hawaiian Volcano Observatory current status report Friday, March 28, 2008 08:56 HST. United States Geological Survey. Accessed March 28, 2008. * Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2007, March 13). hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kila uea/ Kilauea -- Perhaps the world's most active volcano. United States Geological Survey. Accessed March 28, 2008. * Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. (2008, March 25). www.volcano.si.edu/r eports/usgs/#kilauea SI/USGS weekly volcanic activity March 19 - March 25, 2008. Accessed March 28, 2008.
NASA image courtesy Simon C
description
Kilauea is one of the world's most active volcanoes, but it is of the sort that tends to ooze lava more often than it explodes. Until March 19, 2008, the last explosive eruption from the Halema`uma`u Crater, the summit crater, occurred in 1924. But starting on March 19, a small explosion from the crater rained rock and ash over the summit. The explosion heralded further activity at the summit, including a two- to four-fold increase in the amount of sulfur dioxide seeping from the volcano. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory warned on March 28 that sulfur dioxide concentrations in the air downwind from the volcano were likely to be hazardous, particularly to children or those with asthma or other breathing difficulties. Even before the March 19 explosion, elevated sulfur dioxide levels prompted the National Park Service to close part of Crater Rim Drive starting in mid-February.
The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Aura satellite recorded the increase in sulfur dioxide rising out of Kilauea between March 20 and March 27, 2008, top. Throughout the period, the easterly trade winds swept a long plume of sulfur dioxide south and west, away from major populated areas. The highest concentrations of the gas are shown in red. The lower image shows more typical sulfur dioxide levels as observed between March 1 and March 7, 2008. This plume is much smaller and contains significantly less sulfur dioxide.
OMI measures sulfur dioxide in Dobson Units. If you could compress all the sulfur dioxide in a column of the atmosphere into a flat layer at the Earth's surface (at 0 degrees Celsius), one Dobson Unit of the gas would be 0.01 millimeters thick, and it would contain 0.0285 grams of sulfur dioxide per square meter.
In addition to its potential public health impacts, sulfur dioxide can also affect climate. During explosive eruptions, volcanic gases and particles may reach altitudes of more than 12 miles (20 kilometers). Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with water in the atmosphere to make sulfate aerosol particles. These light-colored particles can linger in the stratosphere for months following a big eruption, reflecting sunlight and cooling Earth.
* Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park. (2008, March 21). www.nps.gov/havo/clo sed_areas.htm Closed areas and advisories. National Park Service. Accessed March 28, 2008. * Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2008, March 28). volcano.wr.usgs.gov/ kilaueastatus.php Hawaiian Volcano Observatory current status report Friday, March 28, 2008 08:56 HST. United States Geological Survey. Accessed March 28, 2008. * Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2007, March 13). hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kila uea/ Kilauea -- Perhaps the world's most active volcano. United States Geological Survey. Accessed March 28, 2008. * Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. (2008, March 25). www.volcano.si.edu/r eports/usgs/#kilauea SI/USGS weekly volcanic activity March 19 - March 25, 2008. Accessed March 28, 2008.
NASA image courtesy Simon C
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description:
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arn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. Caption by Holli Riebeek, with information from Simon Carn.
description
arn, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC). The OMI instrument is a Dutch-Finnish Instrument, provided to the EOS/Aura mission by The Netherlands and Finland. Caption by Holli Riebeek, with information from Simon Carn.
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subject:
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What -- Earth
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What -- Earth
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subject:
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What -- Crater
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What -- Crater
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subject:
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Where -- United States of America
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Where -- United States of America
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subject:
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What -- Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
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What -- Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
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subject:
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Where -- Maryland
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Where -- Maryland
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subject:
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Where -- Netherlands
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Where -- Netherlands
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subject:
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Where -- Finland
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Where -- Finland
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subject:
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What -- Ozone Monitoring Instrument
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What -- Ozone Monitoring Instrument
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subject:
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What -- Aura
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What -- Aura
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what:
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Earth
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what:
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Crater
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what:
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Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
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Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
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what:
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Aura
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what:
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Ozone Monitoring Instrument
what
Ozone Monitoring Instrument
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where:
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United States of America
where
United States of America
where
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where:
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Maryland
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where:
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Netherlands
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where:
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Finland
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identifier:
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Kilauea_OMI_2008061_ 067_lrg
identifier
Kilauea_OMI_2008061_ 067_lrg
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uploader:
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gwilliam@archive.org
uploader
gwilliam@archive.org
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addeddate:
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2011-07-16 02:47:20
addeddate
2011-07-16 02:47:20
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publicdate:
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2011-07-16 02:47:20
publicdate
2011-07-16 02:47:20
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creator:
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NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
creator
NASA -- NASA Image Of The Day
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ImageUID:
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file:/home/lunaadmin /Source_download/201 107/1/Kilauea_OMI_20 08061_067_lrg/Kilaue a_OMI_2008080_087_lr g.jpg
ImageUID
file:/home/lunaadmin /Source_download/201 107/1/Kilauea_OMI_20 08061_067_lrg/Kilaue a_OMI_2008080_087_lr g.jpg
ImageUID
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ImageUID:
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file:/home/lunaadmin /Source_download/201 107/1/Kilauea_OMI_20 08061_067_lrg/Kilaue a_OMI_2008087.jpg
ImageUID
file:/home/lunaadmin /Source_download/201 107/1/Kilauea_OMI_20 08061_067_lrg/Kilaue a_OMI_2008087.jpg
ImageUID
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ImageUID:
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file:/home/lunaadmin /Source_download/201 107/1/Kilauea_OMI_20 08061_067_lrg/Kilaue a_OMI_2008061_067_lr g.jpg
ImageUID
file:/home/lunaadmin /Source_download/201 107/1/Kilauea_OMI_20 08061_067_lrg/Kilaue a_OMI_2008061_067_lr g.jpg
ImageUID
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filename:
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Kilauea_OMI_2008087. jpg
filename
Kilauea_OMI_2008087. jpg
filename
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date:
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2008-03-20
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rights:
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Public Domain
rights
Public Domain
rights
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source:
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year:
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2008
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language:
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eng
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